9th century BC

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Overview

Events

• 895 BC — Death of King Xiao of Zhou
  King Xiao of Zhou
  
  King Xiao of Zhou or King Hsiao of Chou was the eighth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .Personal information...
  , King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 894 BC — King Yi of Zhou
  King Yi of Zhou (Ji Xie)
  
  King Yi of Zhou or King I of Chou was the ninth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .Personal information...
   becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 892 BC — Megacles
  Megacles
  
  Megacles was the name of several notable men of ancient Athens:1. Megacles was possibly a legendary Archon of Athens from 922 BC to 892 BC....
  , King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.
• 891 BC — Tukulti-Ninurta II
  Tukulti-Ninurta II
  
  Tukulti-Ninurta II was King of Assyria from 891 to 884 BC. He was the son of Adad-nirari II and the second king of the Neo-Assyrian period. He was succeeded by his son, Ashurnasirpal II....
   succeeds his father Adad-nirari II
  Adad-nirari II
  
  Adad-nirari II is generally considered to be the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian empire. He reigned from 911 to 891 BC. Because of the existence of full eponym lists from his reign down to the middle of the reign of Ashurbanipal in the 7th century BC, year one of his reign in 911 BC is perhaps the first event in ancient Near Easte...
   as king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  .
• 889 BC — Takelot I
  Takelot I
  
  Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons who ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho. Takelot would marry Queen Kapes who bore him Osorkon II....
   succeeds his father Osorkon I
  Osorkon I
  
  The son of Shoshenq I and his chief consort, Karomat A, Osorkon I was the second king of Egypt's Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt and ruled around 922 BC-887 BC....
   as king of Egypt
  History of Egypt
  
  The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. The Nile valley forms a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the east and west by deserts, to the north by the sea and to the south by the Cataracts of the Nile....
  .
• 884 BC — Assurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-ninurta II
  Tukulti-Ninurta II
  
  Tukulti-Ninurta II was King of Assyria from 891 to 884 BC. He was the son of Adad-nirari II and the second king of the Neo-Assyrian period. He was succeeded by his son, Ashurnasirpal II....
   as king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  .
• 879 BC — Death of King Yi of Zhou
  King Yi of Zhou (Ji Xie)
  
  King Yi of Zhou or King I of Chou was the ninth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .Personal information...
  , King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 878 BC — King Li of Zhou
  King Li of Zhou
  
  King Li of Zhou was the tenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .King Li was a corrupt and decadent king. To pay for his pleasures and vices, King Li raised taxes and caused misery among his subjects....
   becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 874 BC — Osorkon II
  Osorkon II
  
  Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was a pharaoh of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes....
   succeeds Takelot I
  Takelot I
  
  Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons who ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho. Takelot would marry Queen Kapes who bore him Osorkon II....
   as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt
  Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt
  
  The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period....
  .
• 874 BC — Ahab
  Ahab
  
  Ahab was Kingdom of Israel and the son and successor of Omri . William F. Albright dated his reign to 869 – 850 BC, while E. R. Thiele offered the dates 874 – 853 BC....
   becomes king of Israel
  Kingdom of Israel
  
  The Kingdom of Israel was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy . It existed roughly from the 930s BC until about the 720s BC....
   (approximate date).
• 872 BC — An exceptionally high flood of the Nile
  Nile
  
  The Nile is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the List of rivers by length in the world.The Nile has two major tributary, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and silt, but the former being the longer of the two....
   covers the floors of the Temple of Luxor.
• 865 BC — Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  n king Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
  .
• 864 BC — Diognetus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by his son Pherecles.
• 863 BC — The city of Bath is founded. It is named after the leprosy
  Leprosy
  
  Leprosy , or Hansen's disease , is a Chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the Peripheral nervous system and Mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external symptom....
  -curing hot springs there.
• 860 BC — The kingdom of Urartu
  Urartu
  
  Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom in Eastern Anatolia , rising to power in the mid 9th century BC, and finally conquered by Median Empire in the early 6th century BC....
   is unified.
• 858 BC — Aramu
  Aramu
  
  Aramu or Arame was the first known List of Kings of Urartu of Urartu.Living at the time of Shalmaneser III , Aram united the Nairi tribe against the threat of the Assyrian Empire....
   becomes king of Urartu
  Urartu
  
  Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom in Eastern Anatolia , rising to power in the mid 9th century BC, and finally conquered by Median Empire in the early 6th century BC....
  .
• 858 BC — Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
   succeeds Assurnasipal II as king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  .
• 854 BC — Battle of Karkar — An indecisive engagement between Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  n king Shalmaneser II
  Shalmaneser II
  
  Shalmaneser II was King of Assyria from 1031 BC to 1019 BC. He succeeded his father, Ashurnasirpal I and was succeeded by his son, Ashur-nirari IV, but beyond this little is known of his reign....
   and a military alliance of the king of Damascus
  Damascus
  
  Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is List of oldest continuously inhabited cities and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000....
   and lesser powers including the prince
  Prince
  
  Prince, from the Latin root princeps, is a general term for a monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in some members of Europe's highest nobility....
   of Tyre. (or 853 BC)
• 853 BC — Battle of Karkar — An indecisive engagement between Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  n king Shalmaneser II
  Shalmaneser II
  
  Shalmaneser II was King of Assyria from 1031 BC to 1019 BC. He succeeded his father, Ashurnasirpal I and was succeeded by his son, Ashur-nirari IV, but beyond this little is known of his reign....
   and a military alliance of the king of Damascus
  Damascus
  
  Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is List of oldest continuously inhabited cities and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000....
   and lesser powers including the prince
  Prince
  
  Prince, from the Latin root princeps, is a general term for a monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in some members of Europe's highest nobility....
   of Tyre. (or 854 BC)
• 850 BC — Takelot II
  Takelot II
  
  Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot II Si-Ese was a pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt in Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt . He has been identified as the High Priest of Amun Takelot F, son of the High Priest of Amun Nimlot C at Thebes, Egypt and, thus, the son of Nimlot C and grandson of king Osorkon II according to t...
   succeeds Osorkon II
  Osorkon II
  
  Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was a pharaoh of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes....
   as King of Egypt
  History of Ancient Egypt
  
  The History of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early Predynastic Egypt settlements of the northern Nile Valley to the History of Roman Egypt in 30 BC....
  .
• 850 BC — The Middle Mumun Pottery Period
  Mumun pottery period
  
  The Mumun pottery period is an archaeological era in Prehistoric Korea that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC. This period is named after the Korean name for undecorated or plain cooking and storage vessels that form a large part of the pottery assemblage over the entire length of the period, but especially 850-550 B.C....
   begins in the Korean peninsula
  Korean Peninsula
  
  The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water....
  .
• 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron
  Ariphron
  
  Ariphron was the name of several people from ancient Greek history:*Ariphron, the father of Xanthippus, and grandfather of Pericles, both prominent Athens statesmen....
  .
• 842 BC — Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
   devastates the territory of Damascus
  Damascus
  
  Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is List of oldest continuously inhabited cities and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000....
  ; Israel
  Kingdom of Israel
  
  The Kingdom of Israel was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy . It existed roughly from the 930s BC until about the 720s BC....
   and the Phoenicia
  Phoenicia
  
  Phoenicia was an ancient civilization centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal regions of modern day Lebanon, extending to parts of Israel, Syria and the Palestinian territories....
  n cities send tribute.
• 841 BC — Death of King Li of Zhou
  King Li of Zhou
  
  King Li of Zhou was the tenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .King Li was a corrupt and decadent king. To pay for his pleasures and vices, King Li raised taxes and caused misery among his subjects....
  , King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 841 BC — Records of the Grand Historian
  Records of the Grand Historian
  
  The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English language by the Chinese name Shiji , written from 109 BC to 91 BC, was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted China history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until his own time....
   regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.
• 836 BC — Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
   of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
   leads an expedition against the Tabareni.
• 836 BC — Civil war
  Civil war
  
  A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving Regular Army, that is sustained, organized and large-scale....
   breaks out in Egypt
  Egypt
  
  Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
  .
• 827 BC — King Xuan of Zhou
  King Xuan of Zhou
  
  King Xuan of Zhou was the eleventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty .Personal information|-...
   becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty
  Zhou Dynasty
  
  The Zhou Dynasty was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in China history?though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou....
   of China
  China
  
  China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
  .
• 825 BC — Takelot II
  Takelot II
  
  Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot II Si-Ese was a pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt in Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt . He has been identified as the High Priest of Amun Takelot F, son of the High Priest of Amun Nimlot C at Thebes, Egypt and, thus, the son of Nimlot C and grandson of king Osorkon II according to t...
  , king of Egypt
  History of Egypt
  
  The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. The Nile valley forms a natural geographic and economic unit, bounded to the east and west by deserts, to the north by the sea and to the south by the Cataracts of the Nile....
  , dies. Crown Prince
  Crown Prince
  
  A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....
   Osorkon III
  Osorkon III
  
  Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon III Si-Ese was Pharaoh of Egypt in the 8th Century BC. He was the famous Crown Prince and High Priests of Amun at Thebes Osorkon B, son of Takelot II by his Great Royal Wife Kamama-Merytmut II....
   and Shoshenq III
  Shoshenq III
  
  King Usermaatre Setepenre or Usimare Setepenamun Shoshenq III ruled Ancient Egypt Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt for 39 years according to contemporary historical records....
  , sons of Takelot, battle for the throne.
• 825/824 BC — Ariphron
  Ariphron
  
  Ariphron was the name of several people from ancient Greek history:*Ariphron, the father of Xanthippus, and grandfather of Pericles, both prominent Athens statesmen....
  , King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus.
• 823 BC — Death of Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
  , king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  . He is succeeded by his son Shamshi-Adad V
  Shamshi-Adad V
  
  Shamshi-Adad V was the King of Assyria from 824 to 811 BC. He was the son and successor of Shalmaneser III, the husband of Shammuramat , and the father of Adad-nirari III, who succeeded him as king....
  .
• 820 BC — Pygmalion
  Pygmalion of Tyre
  
  Pygmalion was king of Tyre from 831 to 785 BC and a son of King Mattan I .During Pygmalion's reign, Tyre seems to have shifted the heart of its trading empire from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, as can be judged from the building of new colonies including Kition on Cyprus, Sardinia , and, according to tradition, Carthage....
   ascends the throne of Tyre.
• 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt
  History of Ancient Egypt
  
  The History of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early Predynastic Egypt settlements of the northern Nile Valley to the History of Roman Egypt in 30 BC....
  , founding the Twenty-third Dynasty
  Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt
  
  The Twenty-third Dynasty of ancient Egypt was a separate regime of Meshwesh Berber people Pharaoh, who ruled ancient Egypt. This dynasty is often considered part of the Third Intermediate Period....
  .
• 814 BC — Carthage
  Carthage
  
  Carthage refers both to an ancient city in present-day Tunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian....
   is founded by Dido (traditional date).
• 813 BC — Carthage
  Carthage
  
  Carthage refers both to an ancient city in present-day Tunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian....
   is founded by Phoenicia
  Phoenicia
  
  Phoenicia was an ancient civilization centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal regions of modern day Lebanon, extending to parts of Israel, Syria and the Palestinian territories....
  ns.
• 811 BC — Adad-nirari III
  Adad-nirari III
  
  Adad-nirari III was King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC. He was the son and successor of Shamshi-Adad V, and was apparently quite young at the time of his accession, because for the first five years of his reign his mother Shammuramat acted as regent, which may have given rise to the legend of Semiramis....
   succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V
  Shamshi-Adad V
  
  Shamshi-Adad V was the King of Assyria from 824 to 811 BC. He was the son and successor of Shalmaneser III, the husband of Shammuramat , and the father of Adad-nirari III, who succeeded him as king....
   as king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
  .
• 804 BC — Adad-nirari III
  Adad-nirari III
  
  Adad-nirari III was King of Assyria from 811 to 783 BC. He was the son and successor of Shamshi-Adad V, and was apparently quite young at the time of his accession, because for the first five years of his reign his mother Shammuramat acted as regent, which may have given rise to the legend of Semiramis....
   of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
   conquers Damascus
  Damascus
  
  Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is List of oldest continuously inhabited cities and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000....
  .
• 804 BC — Death of Pedubastis I, pharaoh
  Pharaoh
  
  Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ruler who was the religious and political leader of united ancient Egypt, only during the New Kingdom, specifically, during the middle of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt....
  .
• 800s BC — Etruscan civilization
  Etruscan civilization
  
  Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy and Corsica whom the ancient Romans called Etrusci or Tusci....
  .
• Beginning of the Iron Age
  Iron Age
  
  In archaeology, the Iron Age was the stage in the development of any people in which tools and weapons whose main ingredient was iron were prominent....
   in Central Europe
  Central Europe
  
  Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern Europe and Western Europe Europe. In addition, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Southeastern Europe may variously delimit or overlap into Central Europe....
  , spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture
  Hallstatt culture
  
  The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Central European culture from the 8th to 6th centuries BC , developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC and followed in much of Central Europe by the La T?ne culture....
  , and the Proto-Celtic language
  Proto-Celtic language
  
  The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. Its lexis can be confidently reconstructed on the basis of the comparative method of historical linguistics....
  .
• Adena culture
  Adena culture
  
  The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native Americans in the United States culture that existed from 1000 BC to 200 BC, in a time known as the early Woodland Period....
   appears in present day Northeastern United States
  Northeastern United States
  
  The Northeast is a region of the United States. According to the definition used by the United States Census Bureau, the Northeast region consists of nine states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania....
  .

Significant persons

• Shalmaneser III
  Shalmaneser III
  
  Shalmaneser III was king of Assyria , and son of the previous ruler, Ashurnasirpal II.His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia and Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu....
  , king of Assyria
  Assyria
  
  Assyria was a political state centered on the Upper Tigris river, in Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times in history....
   (858–824 BC)

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• First inscriptions in Epigraphic South Arabian
  South Arabian alphabet
  
  The ancient South Arabian alphabet branched from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet in about the 9th century BC. It was used for writing the Yemeni Old South Arabic dialects of the Sabaean language, Qatabanian, Hadrami , Minaean language, Himyarite language, and proto-Ge'ez language in D?mt....
   found in Akkele Guzay
  Akkele Guzay
  
  Akkele Guzay was a province in the interior of Eritrea until 1996, when the newly independent government of Eritrea consolidated all provinces into six regions....
  
• 800s BC — Olmec
  Olmec
  
  The Olmec were an ancient Pre-Columbian people living in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in what are roughly the modern-day Mexican state of Veracruz and Tabasco....
  s builds pyramid
  Pyramid
  
  A pyramid is a building where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral , meaning that a pyramid usually has four or five faces....
  s.
• Emergence of the Brahmana
  Brahmana
  
  The s are part of the Hindu texts sruti literature. They are commentaries on the four Vedas, detailing the proper performance of rituals....
   period of Vedic Sanskrit
  Vedic Sanskrit
  
  Vedic Sanskrit is an Old Indic language. It is the language of the Vedas, the oldest shruti texts of Hinduism, compiled over the period of the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BC....
  , probable composition of the Shatapatha Brahmana
  Shatapatha Brahmana
  
  The Shatapatha Brahmana is one of the prose texts describing the Historical Vedic religion ritual, associated with the Shukla Yajurveda. It survives in two recensions, Madhyandina and Kanva , with the former having the eponymous 100 brahmanas in 14 books, and the latter 104 brahmanas in 17 books....
  , and the first beginning of the Upanishad
  Upanishad
  
  The Upanishads are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings of Vedanta. They do not belong to any particular period of Sanskrit literature: the oldest, such as the Brhadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads, date to the late Brahmana period , while the latest were composed in the medieval and early modern period....
  ic and Vedantic
  Vedanta
  
  Vedanta is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the self-realisation by which one understands the ultimate nature of reality and teaches the believer's goal is to transcend the limitations of self-identity and realize one's unity with Brahman....
   traditions of Hinduism
  Hinduism
  
  'Hinduism' is the predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent. Hinduism is often referred to as , a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal dharma", by its practitioners....
  .

Decades and years