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The Russian Empire Census of 1897 was the first and the only census
Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population....
 carried out in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. It recorded demographic data as of .

Previously, the Central Statistical Bureau issued statistical tables based on fiscal lists (????????? ??????).

The second Russian Census was scheduled for 1915, but was cancelled because of the World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 (and never happened in the Russian Empire because of the Russian Revolution of 1917
Russian Revolution of 1917

The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union....
).

census project was suggested by famous Russian geographer
Geographer

A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's physical natural environment and human habitat .Though geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography....
 and chief of the Central Statistical Bureau Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky

Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tyan-Shansky was a Russian geographer and statistician who managed the Russian Geographical Society for more than 40 years....
 in 1877, and was approved by Tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
 Nicholas II in 1895.

The census was performed in two stages.






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The Russian Empire Census of 1897 was the first and the only census
Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population....
 carried out in the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
. It recorded demographic data as of .

Previously, the Central Statistical Bureau issued statistical tables based on fiscal lists (????????? ??????).

The second Russian Census was scheduled for 1915, but was cancelled because of the World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 (and never happened in the Russian Empire because of the Russian Revolution of 1917
Russian Revolution of 1917

The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union....
).

Organization

The census project was suggested by famous Russian geographer
Geographer

A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's physical natural environment and human habitat .Though geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography....
 and chief of the Central Statistical Bureau Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky

Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tyan-Shansky was a Russian geographer and statistician who managed the Russian Geographical Society for more than 40 years....
 in 1877, and was approved by Tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
 Nicholas II in 1895.

The census was performed in two stages. In the first stage (December 1896 — January 1897) the counters (135,000 persons: literate soldiers, teachers and priests) visited all households and filled in the questionnaires, which were verified by local census managers. In the second stage the counters simultaneously visited all households to verify and update the questionnaires.

The data processing took 8 years using Hollerith card machines. Publication of the results started in 1898 and ended in 1905. In total, 119 volumes for 89 guberniya
Guberniya

Guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually translated as government, governorate, or province. A guberniya was ruled by a governor or , a word borrowed from Latin , in turn from Greek ....
s, as well as a two-volume summary, were issued.

The questionnaire contained the following questions:
  • Family name
    Family name

    A family name or last name is a type of surname and part of a personal name indicating the family to which the person belongs. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world....
    , given name
    Given name

    A given name is a personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name ....
    , patronymic
    Patronymic

    A patronym or patronymic, is a component of a personal name based on the name of one's father, grandfather or an even earlier male ancestor....
     or nickname
    Nickname

    A nickname is a descriptive name given in place of or in addition to the official name of a person, place or thing. Another class of nickname is the familiar or truncated form of the proper name, such as Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robbie, and Bert for Robert, more properly called a short name....
     (????????)
  • Gender
  • Relation with respect to the head of the family or household
  • Age
  • Marital status
  • Social status: sosloviye (estate of the realm), rank or title (????????, ?????????, ??????)
  • Place of birth
  • Place of registration
  • Usual place of residence
  • Notice of absence
  • Faith
  • Mother language
  • Literacy
  • Occupation (profession, trade, position of office or service), both primary and secondary


In the census summary tables, nationality
Nationality

Nationality is a the relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person and affords the person the protection of the state....
 was based on the declared mother language of respondents.

Census results

The results of the census are too broad to publish, but its online Russian version can be found here: .

The total population of the Russian Empire was recorded to be 125,640,021 people (50.2 % female, 49.8 % male).

By native tongue

The most spoken languages, from which nationality was determined were:
  • Slavic tongues:
    • Russian language: 83,933,567
      • Great Russian (i.e., Russian
        Russian language

        Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
        ): 55,667,469
      • Little Russian (i.e.,Ukrainian
        Ukrainian language

        Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic languages of the Slavic languages. It is the official language of Ukraine. In some areas of Russia there are dialects, Balachka or Surzhyk, which are the Ukrainianized versions of the Russian language....
        ):22,380,551
      • White Russian (i.e., Belarusian
        Belarusian language

        The Belarusian language, or Belorussian is the language of the Belarusians and is spoken in Belarus and abroad, chiefly in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland....
        ): 5,885,547
    • Polish
      Polish language

      Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
      : 7,931,307
    • Other Slavic tongues: 224,859
  • Lithuanio-Latvian tongues: 3,094,469
    • Lithuanian: 1,210,510
    • Zhmud (Samogitian
      Samogitian

      Samogitian can refer to:* Anything pertaining to Samogitia , the Lowlands of Lithuania* Samogitian dialect, a dialect of the Lithuanian language, sometimes regarded as a Baltic language...
      ): 448,022
    • Latvian: 1,435,937
  • Romance tongues
    Romance languages

    The Romance languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages comprising all the languages that descend from Latin language, the language of ancient Rome....
    : 1,143,000
    • Moldavian and Romanian: 1,121,669
  • Germanic tongues: 1,813,717
    • German: 1,790,489
  • Kartvelian (South Caucasian) tongues: 1,352,535
  • Caucasian mountain tongues: 1,091,782
  • Other Indo-European languages
    Indo-European languages

    The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
    : 2,190,597
    • Tajik and Persian: 382,120
  • Finnish tongues: 3,502,147
    • Estonian
      Estonian

      Estonian may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in Northern Europe.* Estonians - people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent....
      : 1,002,738
  • Turkic
    Turkic languages

    The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
    -Tatar
    Tatar language

    The Tatar language is a Turkic languages language spoken by the Tatars....
     tongues: 13,373,867
    • Uzbek
      Uzbek language

      Uzbek is a Turkic languages and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 23.5 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia....
       and Sart
      Sart

      Sart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia which has had shifting meanings over the centuries. Sarts, known sometimes as Ak-Sart in ancient times, did not have any particular ethnic identification, and were usually town-dwellers....
       languages: 1,695,189
  • Other languages: 925,018
  • Total Russian Empire: 125,640,021


Largest cities


Largest cities of the Empire according to the census (thousands of inhabitants):

  • Saint-Petersburg — 1264,9
  • Moscow
    Moscow

    Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
     — 1038,6
  • Warsaw
    Warsaw

    Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
     — 626
  • Odessa
    Odessa

    Odessa or Odesa is the Capital of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major port located on the shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 ....
     — 403,8
  • Lódz
    Lódz

    L?dz is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 753,192 in 2007. It is the capital of L?dz Voivodeship, and is approximately south-west of Warsaw....
     — 314
  • Riga
    Riga

    Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
     — 282,2
  • Kiev
    Kiev

    Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
     — 247,7
  • Kharkov — 174
  • Tiflis (Tbilisi) — 159,6
  • Wilno (Vilnius) — 154,5
  • Saratov
    Saratov

    Saratov is a major types of inhabited localities in Russia in southern Russia. It is the administrative center of Saratov Oblast and a major port on the Volga River....
     — 137,1
  • Kazan
    Kazan

    Kazan is the capital types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities. It is a major industrial, commercial and cultural center, and remains the most important center of Tatar culture....
     — 130
  • Rostov-on-Don
    Rostov-on-Don

    Rostov-on-Don is the types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia, located on the Don River , just 46 km from the Sea of Azov....
     — 119,5
  • Tula
    Tula

    Tula may refer to:In geography:*Tula, Hidalgo, a town in Mexico*Tula, Tamaulipas, a place in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico*Tula River in central Mexico...
     — 114,7
  • Astrakhan
    Astrakhan

    Astrakhan is a major types of inhabited localities in Russia in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea....
     — 112,9
  • Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk) — 112,8
  • Baku
    Baku

    Baku , sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bak?, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan....
     — 111,9
  • Kishinev (Chisinau) — 108,5
  • Helsingfors (Helsinki) — 93
  • Nikolayev
    Nikolayev

    Nikolayev, also spelled Nikolaev , or Nikolayeva , is a Russian last name and may refer to:...
     — 92
  • Minsk
    Minsk

    Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....
     — 90,9
  • Nizhny Novgorod
    Nizhny Novgorod

    Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
     — 90,1
  • Samara
    Samara

    Samara may refer to:...
     — 90
  • Orenburg
    Orenburg

    Orenburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia....
     — 72,4
  • Yaroslavl
    Yaroslavl

    Yaroslavl is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow....
     — 71,6
  • Vitebsk
    Vitebsk

    Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk , is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia and Latvia. The capital of the Vitebsk Oblast, in 2004 it had 342,381 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth largest city....
     — 65,9
  • Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) — 65,6
  • Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) — 55,2
  • Ivanovo-Voznesensk (Ivanovo) — 54,2
  • Tomsk
    Tomsk

    Tomsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia on the Tom River in the southwest of Siberian Federal District, Russia, the administrative centre of Tomsk Oblast....
     — 52,2
  • Omsk
    Omsk

    Omsk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in southwest Siberia in Russia, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast. It is the second-largest city in Russia beyond the Urals....
     — 37,3