Rostov-on-Don

Rostov On Don

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Rostov-on-Don

Rostov-on-Don (Rostov-na-Donu ) is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast

Rostov Oblast

Rostov Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in the Southern Federal District. Rostov Oblast lies in the south of Russia with an area of 100,800 km? and a population of 4,404,013 making it the fifth most populous federal subject in Russia....
and the Southern Federal District

Southern Federal District

Southern Federal District is one of the seven Federal districts of Russia of Russia. It is located in the extreme southwest, between Ukraine and Kazakhstan....
of Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, located on the Don River

Don River (Russia)

The Don is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk, Russia 60 kilometres southeast from Tula, Russia, southeast of Moscow, and flows for a distance of about 1,950 kilometres to the Sea of Azov....
, just 46 km from the Sea of Azov

Sea of Azov

The Sea of Azov is the world's shallowest sea, linked by the Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea to the south. It is bounded on the north by Ukraine, on the east by Russia and on the west by the Crimean peninsula....
. Population:

mouth of the Don River has been of great commercial and cultural importance since the ancient times. It was the site of the Greek colony Tanais, of the Genoese

Genoa

Genoa is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000....
fort Tana, and of the Turk

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
ish fortress Azak.

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History

The mouth of the Don River has been of great commercial and cultural importance since the ancient times. It was the site of the Greek colony Tanais, of the Genoese

Genoa

Ottoman Empire

Azov

Azov is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River, Russia just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town....
for detailed information on those settlements.)

Rostov-on-Don was in essence established in 1749, as a customs house was built on the Temernik (a tributary of the Don), and soon a large fortress followed. It was named after Saint Dimitry of Rostov

Dimitry of Rostov

Saint Dimitry of Rostov was a leading opponent of the Caesaropapist reform of the Russian Orthodox church promoted by Feofan Prokopovich. He is representative of the strong Ukrainians influence upon the Russian Orthodox Church at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries....
, a newly-glorified bishop from the old Northern town Rostov the Great. As Azov gradually declined, a settlement near the new fortress superseded it in importance as a chief commercial centre of the region. In 1756 the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" set up there, establishing a settlement on the high bank of the Don known as the "Kupecheskaya Sloboda" (the merchant's fortress). In 1796 this settlement received town rights and was renamed Rostov-on-Don, in order to distinguish it from its ancient namesake.

The Don River that the city is named for is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with regions to the north, and Rostov-on-Don is an important river port in both passenger-oriented and industrial shipping. With such a good geographical position, the city grew rapidly. As the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia, it was a bone of contention between the Whites

White movement

The White movement , whose military arm is known as the White Army or White Guard and whose members are known as Whites comprised some of the Russian forces, both political and military, which opposed the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution and fought against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1923...
and the Bolshevik

Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
s during the Civil War

Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Bolshevik party assumed power in Saint Petersburg....
. By 1928, the regional government was moved from the old Cossack

Cossack

The term Cossacks is applied to specific militaristic communities of various ethnicities living in the southern steppe regions of Ukraine and Russia....
capital Novocherkassk

Novocherkassk

Novocherkassk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tuzlov River and on the Aksay River....
to Rostov, which also engulfed the nearby Armenia

Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
n town of Nor Nakhijevan (Nakhijevan, Proletarskiy district now).

In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks demolished two of Rostov's principal landmarks - St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St George Cathedral in Nakhichevan (1783-1807). Much of the city was reduced to rubble by the German

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
forces who occupied it twice - in 1941 and 1942. Nowadays, the most conspicuous feature of the downtown is the enormous Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity (1860-87), designed by Konstantin Thon

Konstantin Thon

Konstantin Andreyevich Thon, also spelled Ton , was an official architect of Russian Empire during the reign of Nicholas I of Russia. His major works include the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Grand Kremlin Palace and the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow....
.

Rostov-on-Don has experienced considerable economic growth in recent years, as the Russian economy

Economy of Russia

Russia is a unique emerging market, in the sense that being the nucleus of a former superpower shows more anomalies. On one hand, its exports are primarily resource based, and on the other, it has a pool of technical talent in aerospace, nuclear engineering, and basic sciences....
recovers nationwide. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed from a place thrown back in time by the collapse of USSR into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub.

Education

Public educational institutions include Southern Federal University

Southern Federal University

Southern Federal University is a university in the Rostov Oblast Federal subjects of Russia, Russia. It was established in 2006, when Rostov State Pedagogical University, Rostov State Academy of Architecture and Art, Taganrog State University of Radioengineering, and Rostov State University were combined to form one of...
and Don State Technical University, while the major private university is the Institute of Management, Business and Law. Along with higher education institutions can also be found in Rostov a French cultural center (Alliance francaise) , a British Council and German Goethe Institut, DAAD and Bosch foundation. is University has a President Programme.