Lowell E. Jacoby
Encyclopedia
Vice Admiral
Lowell Edwin Jacoby, USN
(born August 28, 1945) was the 14th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
. Previously he was Director for Intelligence (J-2) Joint Staff in the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1999 to 2002, and the Director of Naval Intelligence
and Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence
from 1997 to 1999. He was the Director for Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Command from 1994 to 1997 and Commander, Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific from 1992 to 1994. He was Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Fleet
from 1990 to 1992.
. His family moved to Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
before spending a year in Storrs, Connecticut
where his father pursued his Doctorate at the University of Connecticut
. The family relocated to Manchester, Connecticut
where he attended Grades 3 through his sophomore year in high school. The family moved to Silver Spring, Maryland
where he completed high school at Sherwood High School in Sandy Spring, Maryland
in 1963.
and received a Bachelor of Arts (Honors) in 1967 with a Major in Economics and a Minor in Government and Politics. He attended the University of Virginia School of Law
for one year prior to joining the Navy
. From 1975 to 1977 he attended the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
, receiving a Master of Arts in National Security Affairs (With Distinction).
His military education and training includes pre-commissioning and basic Naval Flight Officer
training at Naval Air Basic Training Command, NAS Pensacola
and intelligence
training at the Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
. He attended the Flag and General Officer CAPSTONE course
in 1994.
at Aviation Officer Candidate School at NAS Pensacola, Florida
. He was commissioned as an Intelligence Officer on May 16, 1969 and subsequently stayed at NAS Pensacola
as a student at the Naval Air Basic Training Command
through August of that year. He transferred to Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
for basic intelligence training and graduated in March 1970.
His first operational assignment was as Air Intelligence Officer with Fighter Squadron TWENTY FOUR
flying F-8 CRUSADER aircraft off USS HANCOCK (CV-19)
as part of Carrier Air Wing TWENTY ONE. His assignment to VF-24 from March 1970 to May 1971 included a combat deployment to Vietnam
from October 1970 to May 1971. Immediately upon arrival on Yankee Station in the South China Sea
, his air wing was involved in air operations to support the Son Tay raid
into North Vietnam
to attempt to rescue American Prisoners of War
. Subsequent operations focused on interdiction of supplies flowing into South Vietnam
over the Ho Chi Minh Trail
in Laos.
Vice Admiral Jacoby volunteered for duty in Saigon, Vietnam
and joined Commander SEVENTH Fleet Detachment CHARLIE in June 1971 as the Air Intelligence Officer. This small Navy detachment was charged with coordinating SEVENTH Fleet carrier operations with the SEVENTH Air Force Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon
for the conduct of the air war in Southeast Asia. This detachment was subsequently re-subordinated to Commander-In-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
as Chief, Fleet Coordinating Group, Saigon to coordinate all Navy operations with the Commander, Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV)
. he was involved in coordinating the response to the 1972 North Vietnamese offensive that prompted the simultaneous deployment of six Aircraft Carrier Task Forces to the South China Sea
, the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnam harbors and the run-up to the Christmas B-52 bombing campaign in North Vietnam that punctuated peace negotiations. Vice Admiral Jacoby departed Saigon in December 1972 at the end of an 18 month tour of duty.
In January 1973, he reported for duty with Naval Intelligence Command Headquarters
and was assigned as a Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot Watch Officer
and Chief of Naval Operations Briefing Officer
. During a tour of duty that extended to August 1975, he was a briefer during the 1973 Arab/Israeli War
and subsequent stand-off between U.S. Navy and Soviet Navy
forces in the Eastern Mediterranean
, the Cyprus conflict between Greece and Turkey
, the Soviet Union’s largest worldwide naval exercise (OKEAN 75), the return of our U.S. Prisoners of War from South East Asia
and the fall of the governments in Cambodia
and Vietnam
.
After completing his Masters program at the Naval Postgraduate School
in March 1977, he reported to the Commander, SECOND Fleet and Striking Fleet Atlantic as the Operational Intelligence Officer
. He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander
in July 1978. From August 1979 to August 1981, he served as the Assistant Head, Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the Naval Military Personnel Command where he was responsible for assigning junior intelligence officers and filling intelligence officer positions throughout the Navy and in Joint Commands. His next assignment was with the Navy Field Operational Intelligence Office in Suitland, Maryland
as Head, Naval Operations Branch and as Director, Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center. Following a short period as Administrative Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence, he reported as Head, Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot and served in this position until August 1985. He was promoted to Commander
in October 1983.
Vice Admiral Jacoby reported for duty as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence on the staff of Commander Carrier Group EIGHT home ported in Norfolk, Virginia
and made a deployment to the Mediterranean
aboard USS NIMITZ and USS JOHN F. KENNEDY
from December 1986 to June 1987. Upon the staff’s return to Norfolk he reported to Commander, SECOND Fleet as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence. During this tour he as heavily involved in developing new Joint war fighting doctrine and procedures, refining U.S. Navy forward deployment strategies against the Soviet Union and preparing battle groups for deployment. He made three deployments to the northern Norwegian Sea
aboard USS SOUTH CAROLINA
and USS MOUNT WHITNEY
to test and evaluate Navy war fighting doctrine. In addition, the staff was in the vicinity of the YANKEE SSBN
and the MIKE SSN when those submarines were lost in the Atlantic
. He was also embarked in USS IOWA
when the Turret Two main battery exploded with significant loss of life and the resultant decommissioning of the Battle Ship.
In July 1989 Vice Admiral Jacoby returned to Washington as the Head, Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the Naval Military Personnel Command. He was promoted to Captain in September 1989. In January 1990 he was selected for an early rotation and assignment as Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence on the staff of Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet
at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
. During this assignment he conceptualized and gained concurrence for the merger of three intelligence centers on Oahu
that served CINCPAC
, CINCPACFLT and PACAF in to single Joint Intelligence Center
. This Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific (JICPAC) became the model for joint centers in the European
and Central
Commands. Additionally, he was in this position during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
as the Pacific Fleet supported forward deployed operations.
In August 1992, Vice Admiral Jacoby became the second Commander of the Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific. In December 1993 he was selected for promotion to Rear Admiral
and following attendance at the CAPSTONE course
, he assumed his duties as Director for Intelligence (J2), on the staff of Commander, U.S. Pacific Command. From July 1994 to February 1996 he served as a Frocked Rear Admiral (Lower Half) and was promoted to that rank on February 1, 1996. His tenure saw further refinement of Joint operations and concepts in response to Goldwater-Nichols legislation, new deployment and operational concept development, a series of crises promoted by North Korea
, growth of Chinese military capabilities
to include missile firings and provocative operations in the vicinity of Taiwan
and many changes in relationships with Pacific Rim nations
as part of an aggressive engagement strategy.
From May 1997 to November 1997, Vice Admiral Jacoby was assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations in a temporary duty status. In October 1997 he was promoted to Rear Admiral and in November he assumed duties a Director of Naval Intelligence and Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence
.
In July 1999, Vice Admiral Jacoby was assigned as Director for Intelligence (J2) on the Joint Staff. His tenure began with leading the intelligence lessons learned effort to examine the operations in the Balkans
and Kosovo
. Operations Northern
and Southern Watch
continued to enforce No-Fly Zones
and sanctions against Iraq
. In addition, the U.S. Navy EP-3 reconnaissance aircraft was impounded by the Chinese on Hainan Island
following a collision with a Chinese fighter during operations over the South China Sea
and the attack on USS COLE
took place in Aden, Yemen
. This latter event prompted a fundamental change in approach to terrorism analysis and support to operating forces which was embodied in the proposed Joint Intelligence Task Force, Combating Terrorism (JITF-CT) operating under the guidance of the Joint Staff J-2 as part of the Defense Intelligence Agency
. Vice Admiral Jacoby was advocating increased funding for JITF-CT on the afternoon of September 10, 2001 with senior staff on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
. He was in the Pentagon
when it was attacked on September 11, 2001. He led the stand-up of JITF-CT, was active in intelligence planning for the Global War on Terrorism
and military operations in Afghanistan
, oversaw J-2 activities during the initial phase of combat operations in Afghanistan and was instrumental in developing and championing an operational concept called “2 Plus 7” which became the center point for U.S. operations to dismantle the Al-Qaeda
organization and attack its centralized leadership and planning functions. The effort focused operations against the two leaders and the seven senior operational planners. The result was a significant degradation in the organization’s capabilities. Vice Admiral Jacoby concluded his one year extension as Joint Staff J-2 in July 2002.
In July 2002, Vice Admiral Jacoby became the Acting Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and served in that capacity until being promoted to Vice Admiral and assuming the duties as Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
on October 17, 2002. He relinquished the Directorship in November 2005 and retired on January 1, 2006, concluding a 37 year Navy career.
During his tenure as Director of DIA, Vice Admiral Jacoby initiated a dramatic improvement in the way the agency collected, shared and used the information its many components generated. In his statement to the Joint Congressional 9/11 Inquiry in October, 2002, then newly DIA Director, Vice Admiral Jacoby stated, "We must move toward a common data framework and set of standards and will allow interoperability at the data, not system, level." This seemingly innocuous statement, far afield from many similar efforts in the federal government, set DIA on a course toward the interoperability it needed, focusing on the information elements themselves, and avoiding the organizational resistance normally generated by technology mandates.
He was saying, in effect, "we don’t care how you do it, but create and share intelligence content in a common format." Under Jacoby, DIA identified XML as the standard syntax for that common format, and chartered a working group to design and maintain its XML standard, initially known as the IC-Metadata System for Publications (IC-MSP; later subsumed in the Implementation Profile for Intelligence Publications or PUBS-XML). In the public sector where success in multi-organizational information sharing efforts has been rare, DIA succeeded, resulting in the 2007 opening of the Library of National Intelligence, growing at more than 20,000 XML documents per week. DIA’s efforts and Jacoby's foresight hold important lessons for all public sector organizations facing similar challenges.
Since leaving the Navy, Vice Admiral Jacoby has continued to serve the Intelligence Community in the private sector as a Sr Executive for a large defense contractor, he lives and works in the Washington D.C. Area.
with two oak leaf clusters, the U.S. Navy
Distinguished Service Medal
, The Defense Superior Service Medal
, the Legion of Merit
with one Gold Star, the Meritorious Service Medal
with two Gold Stars, Navy/Marine Corp Commendation Medal
with one Gold Star, and the Navy/Marine Corps Achievement Medal
.
Unit awards include four Joint Meritorious Unit Award
s and two Meritorious Unit Commendation
s.
Other awards include the Vietnam Service Medal
with four Bronze Stars, the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
, the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon
with one Bronze Star and the Coast Guard Special Operations Service Ribbon
.
Intelligence Community awards include the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
and the National Intelligence Achievement Medal
.
Foreign awards and recognition include the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal, the Vietnamese Air Service Medal, the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
, the Australian Chief of Defense Force Commendation, the Medal of the Military Intelligence Service of the Slovak Republic II Class and the National Order “The Star of Romania” in the rank of Commander (with military insignia).
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
|valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |U.S. military decorations
|-
|
|Defense Distinguished Service Medal
(with 2 oak leaf clusters)
|-
|
|Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Navy)
|-
|
|Defense Superior Service Medal
|-
|
|Legion of Merit
(with gold star)
|-
|
|Meritorious Service Medal
(with two gold stars)
|-
|
|Navy-Marine Corps Commendation Medal
(with gold star)
|-
|
|Navy – Marine Corps Achievement Medal
|-
|
|National Defense Service Medal
|-
|
|Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
|-
|
|Vietnam Service Medal
(with four stars)
|-
|
|Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
|-
|
|Navy-Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon
|-
|
|Sea Service Deployment Ribbon (with bronze star)
|-
|
|U.S. Coast Guard Special Operations Services Ribbon
|-
|
|Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal
|-
|
|Vietnam Campaign Medal
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |Unit awards
|-
|
|Joint Meritorious Unit Award
(four awards)
|-
|
|Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
|-
|
|Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |Badges
|-
| align=center |
|Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
|-
|
|Defense Intelligence Agency
Badge
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |National non-military awards
|-
|
|National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
|-
|
|National Intelligence Achievement Medal
|-
|}
Vice Admiral
Vice admiral is a senior naval rank of a three-star flag officer, which is equivalent to lieutenant general in the other uniformed services. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral...
Lowell Edwin Jacoby, USN
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
(born August 28, 1945) was the 14th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
The Director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency is a three-star military officer and is the highest ranking intelligence officer in the Department of Defense. He is the primary military intelligence advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and also...
. Previously he was Director for Intelligence (J-2) Joint Staff in the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1999 to 2002, and the Director of Naval Intelligence
Director of Naval Intelligence
The Director of Naval Intelligence refers to either one of two posts, both related to naval intelligence:* The head of the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty; or* The head of the Office of Naval Intelligence in the United States....
and Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence
Office of Naval Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ONI was established to "seek out and report" on the advancements in other nations' navies. Its headquarters are at the National Maritime Intelligence Center in Suitland, Maryland...
from 1997 to 1999. He was the Director for Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Command from 1994 to 1997 and Commander, Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific from 1992 to 1994. He was Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Pacific Fleet
United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet is a Pacific Ocean theater-level component command of the United States Navy that provides naval resources under the operational control of the United States Pacific Command. Its home port is at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii. It is commanded by Admiral Patrick M...
from 1990 to 1992.
Early life
Lowell Edwin Jacoby was born on August 28, 1945 in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaLancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lancaster County and one of the older inland cities in the United States, . With a population of 59,322, it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities...
. His family moved to Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
Kennett Square is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known as the Mushroom Capital of the World because mushroom farming in the region produces over a million pounds of mushrooms a year...
before spending a year in Storrs, Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut
Storrs is a census-designated place and part of the town of Mansfield, Connecticut located in eastern Tolland County. The population was 10,996 at the 2000 census...
where his father pursued his Doctorate at the University of Connecticut
University of Connecticut
The admission rate to the University of Connecticut is about 50% and has been steadily decreasing, with about 28,000 prospective students applying for admission to the freshman class in recent years. Approximately 40,000 prospective students tour the main campus in Storrs annually...
. The family relocated to Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a township and city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 58,241.- History :...
where he attended Grades 3 through his sophomore year in high school. The family moved to Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It had a population of 71,452 at the 2010 census, making it the fourth most populous place in Maryland, after Baltimore, Columbia, and Germantown.The urbanized, oldest, and...
where he completed high school at Sherwood High School in Sandy Spring, Maryland
Sandy Spring, Maryland
Sandy Spring, Maryland is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Maryland.The community was founded by Quakers who arrived in the early 18th century searching for land where they could grow tobacco and corn. One of the very early land owners in the Sandy Spring area was Richard Snowden,...
in 1963.
Education
He attended the University of MarylandUniversity of Maryland, College Park
The University of Maryland, College Park is a top-ranked public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C...
and received a Bachelor of Arts (Honors) in 1967 with a Major in Economics and a Minor in Government and Politics. He attended the University of Virginia School of Law
University of Virginia School of Law
The University of Virginia School of Law was founded in Charlottesville in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson as one of the original subjects taught at his "academical village," the University of Virginia. The law school maintains an enrollment of approximately 1,100 students in its initial degree program...
for one year prior to joining the Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
. From 1975 to 1977 he attended the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California
Naval Postgraduate School
The Naval Postgraduate School is an accredited research university operated by the United States Navy. Located in Monterey, California, it grants master's degrees, Engineer's degrees and doctoral degrees...
, receiving a Master of Arts in National Security Affairs (With Distinction).
His military education and training includes pre-commissioning and basic Naval Flight Officer
Naval Flight Officer
A Naval Flight Officer is an aeronautically designated commissioned officer in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps that specializes in airborne weapons and sensor systems. NFOs are not pilots per se, but they may perform many "co-pilot" functions, depending on the type of aircraft...
training at Naval Air Basic Training Command, NAS Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola , "The Cradle of Naval Aviation", is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits...
and intelligence
Military intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that exploits a number of information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions....
training at the Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
Lowry Air Force Base
Lowry Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base located in the cities of Aurora and Denver, Colorado. Its primary mission throughout its existence was Air Force technical training and was heavily involved with the training of United States Army Air Forces bomber crews during World...
. He attended the Flag and General Officer CAPSTONE course
CAPSTONE Military Leadership Program
CAPSTONE is a joint service professional military education courses for newly promoted brigadier generals and rear admirals serving in the United States military. The National Defense University conducts the CAPSTONE course at Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, DC...
in 1994.
Career
Vice Admiral Jacoby began his active duty Navy career on January 7, 1969 when he began Officer Candidate trainingOfficer Candidate School
Officer Candidate School or Officer Cadet School are institutions which train civilians and enlisted personnel in order for them to gain a commission as officers in the armed forces of a country....
at Aviation Officer Candidate School at NAS Pensacola, Florida
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola , "The Cradle of Naval Aviation", is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits...
. He was commissioned as an Intelligence Officer on May 16, 1969 and subsequently stayed at NAS Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola , "The Cradle of Naval Aviation", is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits...
as a student at the Naval Air Basic Training Command
Naval Air Station Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola , "The Cradle of Naval Aviation", is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits...
through August of that year. He transferred to Armed Forces Air Intelligence Training Center, Lowry AFB, Colorado
Lowry Air Force Base
Lowry Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base located in the cities of Aurora and Denver, Colorado. Its primary mission throughout its existence was Air Force technical training and was heavily involved with the training of United States Army Air Forces bomber crews during World...
for basic intelligence training and graduated in March 1970.
His first operational assignment was as Air Intelligence Officer with Fighter Squadron TWENTY FOUR
VF-24
VF-24 Fighter Squadron 24, called the Fighting Renegades was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy.-Background:Fighter Squadron 24 was originally commissioned as Fighter Squadron 211 in June 1955 at NAS Moffett Field. The unit flew the FJ-3 Fury aboard the . The squadron transitioned to the...
flying F-8 CRUSADER aircraft off USS HANCOCK (CV-19)
USS Hancock (CV-19)
USS Hancock was one of 24 s built during World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name, and was named for John Hancock, president of the Second Continental Congress and first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts...
as part of Carrier Air Wing TWENTY ONE. His assignment to VF-24 from March 1970 to May 1971 included a combat deployment to Vietnam
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
from October 1970 to May 1971. Immediately upon arrival on Yankee Station in the South China Sea
Yankee Station
Yankee Station was a point in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam used by the U.S. Navy aircraft carriers of Task Force 77 to launch strikes in the Vietnam War. While its official designation was "Point Yankee," it was universally referred to as Yankee Station...
, his air wing was involved in air operations to support the Son Tay raid
Operation Ivory Coast
Operation Ivory Coast was a failed rescue mission conducted in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War by United States Special Operations Forces and other elements of the U.S. Military....
into North Vietnam
North Vietnam
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout...
to attempt to rescue American Prisoners of War
Vietnam War POW/MIA issue
The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported as missing in action during the Vietnam War and associated theaters of operation in Southeast Asia...
. Subsequent operations focused on interdiction of supplies flowing into South Vietnam
South Vietnam
South Vietnam was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. It received international recognition in 1950 as the "State of Vietnam" and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" . Its capital was Saigon...
over the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Ho Chi Minh trail
The Ho Chi Minh trail was a logistical system that ran from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to the Republic of Vietnam through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia...
in Laos.
Vice Admiral Jacoby volunteered for duty in Saigon, Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City , formerly named Saigon is the largest city in Vietnam...
and joined Commander SEVENTH Fleet Detachment CHARLIE in June 1971 as the Air Intelligence Officer. This small Navy detachment was charged with coordinating SEVENTH Fleet carrier operations with the SEVENTH Air Force Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in Saigon
Tan Son Nhut Air Base
Tan Son Nhut Air Base was a Republic of Vietnam Air Force facility. It is located near the city of Saigon in southern Vietnam. The United States used it as a major base during the Vietnam War , stationing Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine units there...
for the conduct of the air war in Southeast Asia. This detachment was subsequently re-subordinated to Commander-In-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
United States Pacific Command
The United States Pacific Command is a Unified Combatant Command of the United States armed forces responsible for the Pacific Ocean area. It is led by the Commander, Pacific Command , who is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving...
as Chief, Fleet Coordinating Group, Saigon to coordinate all Navy operations with the Commander, Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV)
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
The U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, MACV, , was the United States' unified command structure for all of its military forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.-History:...
. he was involved in coordinating the response to the 1972 North Vietnamese offensive that prompted the simultaneous deployment of six Aircraft Carrier Task Forces to the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
, the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnam harbors and the run-up to the Christmas B-52 bombing campaign in North Vietnam that punctuated peace negotiations. Vice Admiral Jacoby departed Saigon in December 1972 at the end of an 18 month tour of duty.
In January 1973, he reported for duty with Naval Intelligence Command Headquarters
Office of Naval Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ONI was established to "seek out and report" on the advancements in other nations' navies. Its headquarters are at the National Maritime Intelligence Center in Suitland, Maryland...
and was assigned as a Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot Watch Officer
Office of Naval Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ONI was established to "seek out and report" on the advancements in other nations' navies. Its headquarters are at the National Maritime Intelligence Center in Suitland, Maryland...
and Chief of Naval Operations Briefing Officer
Office of Naval Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ONI was established to "seek out and report" on the advancements in other nations' navies. Its headquarters are at the National Maritime Intelligence Center in Suitland, Maryland...
. During a tour of duty that extended to August 1975, he was a briefer during the 1973 Arab/Israeli War
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria...
and subsequent stand-off between U.S. Navy and Soviet Navy
Soviet Navy
The Soviet Navy was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy would have played an instrumental role in a Warsaw Pact war with NATO, where it would have attempted to prevent naval convoys from bringing reinforcements across the Atlantic Ocean...
forces in the Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean is a term that denotes the countries geographically to the east of the Mediterranean Sea. This region is also known as Greater Syria or the Levant....
, the Cyprus conflict between Greece and Turkey
Cyprus dispute
The Cyprus dispute is the result of the ongoing conflict between the Republic of Cyprus and Turkey, over the Turkish occupied northern part of Cyprus....
, the Soviet Union’s largest worldwide naval exercise (OKEAN 75), the return of our U.S. Prisoners of War from South East Asia
Vietnam War POW/MIA issue
The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported as missing in action during the Vietnam War and associated theaters of operation in Southeast Asia...
and the fall of the governments in Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia , officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia...
and Vietnam
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
.
After completing his Masters program at the Naval Postgraduate School
Naval Postgraduate School
The Naval Postgraduate School is an accredited research university operated by the United States Navy. Located in Monterey, California, it grants master's degrees, Engineer's degrees and doctoral degrees...
in March 1977, he reported to the Commander, SECOND Fleet and Striking Fleet Atlantic as the Operational Intelligence Officer
Military intelligence
Military intelligence is a military discipline that exploits a number of information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions....
. He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant commander (United States)
Lieutenant commander is a mid-ranking officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps, with the pay grade of O-4 and NATO rank code OF-3...
in July 1978. From August 1979 to August 1981, he served as the Assistant Head, Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the Naval Military Personnel Command where he was responsible for assigning junior intelligence officers and filling intelligence officer positions throughout the Navy and in Joint Commands. His next assignment was with the Navy Field Operational Intelligence Office in Suitland, Maryland
Suitland-Silver Hill, Maryland
Suitland-Silver Hill is a census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The census area include separate unincorporated communities of Silver Hill and Suitland, and other smaller communities. The population was 33,515 at the 2000 census...
as Head, Naval Operations Branch and as Director, Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center. Following a short period as Administrative Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence, he reported as Head, Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot and served in this position until August 1985. He was promoted to Commander
United States Navy officer rank insignia
In the United States Navy, officers have various ranks. Equivalency between services is by pay grade.-Rank categories:In the U.S. Navy, pay grades for officers are:...
in October 1983.
Vice Admiral Jacoby reported for duty as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence on the staff of Commander Carrier Group EIGHT home ported in Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. With a population of 242,803 as of the 2010 Census, it is Virginia's second-largest city behind neighboring Virginia Beach....
and made a deployment to the Mediterranean
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant...
aboard USS NIMITZ and USS JOHN F. KENNEDY
USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)
USS John F. Kennedy is a John F. Kennedy class aircraft carrier, the last conventionally powered carrier built for the United States Navy. The ship is named after the 35th President of the United States, John F...
from December 1986 to June 1987. Upon the staff’s return to Norfolk he reported to Commander, SECOND Fleet as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence. During this tour he as heavily involved in developing new Joint war fighting doctrine and procedures, refining U.S. Navy forward deployment strategies against the Soviet Union and preparing battle groups for deployment. He made three deployments to the northern Norwegian Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
aboard USS SOUTH CAROLINA
USS South Carolina (CGN-37)
USS South Carolina was the second ship of the California-class of nuclear powered guided missile cruisers in the United States Navy....
and USS MOUNT WHITNEY
USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20)
The USS Mount Whitney is a Blue Ridge class command ship of the US Navy; it is the flagship of the Sixth Fleet. She is also the command and control ship for the Commander Joint Command Lisbon and the Commander Striking Force NATO...
to test and evaluate Navy war fighting doctrine. In addition, the staff was in the vicinity of the YANKEE SSBN
Yankee class submarine
The Yankee class is the NATO classification for a type of nuclear-powered submarine that was constructed by the Soviet Union from 1968 onward. 34 units were produced under Project 667A Navaga and Project 667AU Nalim...
and the MIKE SSN when those submarines were lost in the Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
. He was also embarked in USS IOWA
USS Iowa (BB-61)
USS Iowa was the lead ship of her class of battleship and the fourth in the United States Navy to be named in honor of the 29th state...
when the Turret Two main battery exploded with significant loss of life and the resultant decommissioning of the Battle Ship.
In July 1989 Vice Admiral Jacoby returned to Washington as the Head, Intelligence Assignment and Placement Branch at the Naval Military Personnel Command. He was promoted to Captain in September 1989. In January 1990 he was selected for an early rotation and assignment as Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence on the staff of Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet
United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet is a Pacific Ocean theater-level component command of the United States Navy that provides naval resources under the operational control of the United States Pacific Command. Its home port is at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii. It is commanded by Admiral Patrick M...
at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
. During this assignment he conceptualized and gained concurrence for the merger of three intelligence centers on Oahu
Oahu
Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...
that served CINCPAC
United States Pacific Command
The United States Pacific Command is a Unified Combatant Command of the United States armed forces responsible for the Pacific Ocean area. It is led by the Commander, Pacific Command , who is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving...
, CINCPACFLT and PACAF in to single Joint Intelligence Center
Joint Intelligence Center
A Joint Intelligence Center is a focal point for military intelligence gathered by different intelligence agencies and administered by the Defense Intelligence Agency. The intelligence center of the joint force headquarters...
. This Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific (JICPAC) became the model for joint centers in the European
United States European Command
The United States European Command is one of ten Unified Combatant Commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, and Israel...
and Central
United States Central Command
The United States Central Command is a theater-level Unified Combatant Command unit of the U.S. armed forces, established in 1983 under the operational control of the U.S. Secretary of Defense...
Commands. Additionally, he was in this position during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War , commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a U.N.-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.The war is also known under other names, such as the First Gulf...
as the Pacific Fleet supported forward deployed operations.
In August 1992, Vice Admiral Jacoby became the second Commander of the Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific. In December 1993 he was selected for promotion to Rear Admiral
Rear admiral (United States)
Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain, and below that of a vice admiral. The uniformed services of the United States are unique in having two grades of rear admirals.- Rear admiral :...
and following attendance at the CAPSTONE course
CAPSTONE Military Leadership Program
CAPSTONE is a joint service professional military education courses for newly promoted brigadier generals and rear admirals serving in the United States military. The National Defense University conducts the CAPSTONE course at Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, DC...
, he assumed his duties as Director for Intelligence (J2), on the staff of Commander, U.S. Pacific Command. From July 1994 to February 1996 he served as a Frocked Rear Admiral (Lower Half) and was promoted to that rank on February 1, 1996. His tenure saw further refinement of Joint operations and concepts in response to Goldwater-Nichols legislation, new deployment and operational concept development, a series of crises promoted by North Korea
North Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
, growth of Chinese military capabilities
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 — celebrated annually as "PLA Day" — as the military arm of the Communist Party of China...
to include missile firings and provocative operations in the vicinity of Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
and many changes in relationships with Pacific Rim nations
Pacific Rim
The Pacific Rim refers to places around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. The term "Pacific Basin" includes the Pacific Rim and islands in the Pacific Ocean...
as part of an aggressive engagement strategy.
From May 1997 to November 1997, Vice Admiral Jacoby was assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations in a temporary duty status. In October 1997 he was promoted to Rear Admiral and in November he assumed duties a Director of Naval Intelligence and Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence
Director of Naval Intelligence
The Director of Naval Intelligence refers to either one of two posts, both related to naval intelligence:* The head of the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty; or* The head of the Office of Naval Intelligence in the United States....
.
In July 1999, Vice Admiral Jacoby was assigned as Director for Intelligence (J2) on the Joint Staff. His tenure began with leading the intelligence lessons learned effort to examine the operations in the Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
and Kosovo
Kosovo
Kosovo is a region in southeastern Europe. Part of the Ottoman Empire for more than five centuries, later the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within Serbia...
. Operations Northern
Operation Northern Watch
Operation Northern Watch, the successor to Operation Provide Comfort, was a US European Command Combined Task Force charged with enforcing its own no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq...
and Southern Watch
Operation Southern Watch
Operation Southern Watch was an operation conducted by Joint Task Force Southwest Asia with the mission of monitoring and controlling airspace south of the 32nd Parallel in Iraq, following the 1991 Gulf War until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.-Summary:Operation Southern Watch began on 27 August 1992...
continued to enforce No-Fly Zones
Iraqi no-fly zones
The Iraqi no-fly zones were a set of two separate no-fly zones , and were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom and France after the Gulf War of 1991 to protect the Kurdish people in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones...
and sanctions against Iraq
Iraq sanctions
The Iraq sanctions were a near-total financial and trade embargo imposed by the United Nations Security Council on the nation of Iraq. They began August 6, 1990, four days after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, stayed largely in force until May 2003 , and certain portions including reparations to Kuwait...
. In addition, the U.S. Navy EP-3 reconnaissance aircraft was impounded by the Chinese on Hainan Island
Hainan Island incident
On April 1, 2001, a mid-air collision between a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a People's Liberation Army Navy J-8II interceptor fighter jet resulted in an international dispute between the United States and the People's Republic of China called the Hainan...
following a collision with a Chinese fighter during operations over the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...
and the attack on USS COLE
USS Cole bombing
The USS Cole Bombing, or the USS Cole Incident, was a suicide attack against the United States Navy destroyer on October 12, 2000 while it was harbored and refueled in the Yemeni port of Aden. Seventeen American sailors were killed, and 39 were injured...
took place in Aden, Yemen
Aden
Aden is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea , some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a...
. This latter event prompted a fundamental change in approach to terrorism analysis and support to operating forces which was embodied in the proposed Joint Intelligence Task Force, Combating Terrorism (JITF-CT) operating under the guidance of the Joint Staff J-2 as part of the Defense Intelligence Agency
Defense Intelligence Agency
The Defense Intelligence Agency is a member of the Intelligence Community of the United States, and is the central producer and manager of military intelligence for the United States Department of Defense, employing over 16,500 U.S. military and civilian employees worldwide...
. Vice Admiral Jacoby was advocating increased funding for JITF-CT on the afternoon of September 10, 2001 with senior staff on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence is a committee of the United States House of Representatives, currently chaired by Mike Rogers. It is the primary committee in the U.S...
. He was in the Pentagon
The Pentagon
The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. As a symbol of the U.S. military, "the Pentagon" is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself.Designed by the American architect...
when it was attacked on September 11, 2001. He led the stand-up of JITF-CT, was active in intelligence planning for the Global War on Terrorism
War on Terror
The War on Terror is a term commonly applied to an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other North Atlantic Treaty Organisation as well as non-NATO countries...
and military operations in Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
, oversaw J-2 activities during the initial phase of combat operations in Afghanistan and was instrumental in developing and championing an operational concept called “2 Plus 7” which became the center point for U.S. operations to dismantle the Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a global broad-based militant Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad...
organization and attack its centralized leadership and planning functions. The effort focused operations against the two leaders and the seven senior operational planners. The result was a significant degradation in the organization’s capabilities. Vice Admiral Jacoby concluded his one year extension as Joint Staff J-2 in July 2002.
In July 2002, Vice Admiral Jacoby became the Acting Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and served in that capacity until being promoted to Vice Admiral and assuming the duties as Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
The Director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency is a three-star military officer and is the highest ranking intelligence officer in the Department of Defense. He is the primary military intelligence advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and also...
on October 17, 2002. He relinquished the Directorship in November 2005 and retired on January 1, 2006, concluding a 37 year Navy career.
During his tenure as Director of DIA, Vice Admiral Jacoby initiated a dramatic improvement in the way the agency collected, shared and used the information its many components generated. In his statement to the Joint Congressional 9/11 Inquiry in October, 2002, then newly DIA Director, Vice Admiral Jacoby stated, "We must move toward a common data framework and set of standards and will allow interoperability at the data, not system, level." This seemingly innocuous statement, far afield from many similar efforts in the federal government, set DIA on a course toward the interoperability it needed, focusing on the information elements themselves, and avoiding the organizational resistance normally generated by technology mandates.
He was saying, in effect, "we don’t care how you do it, but create and share intelligence content in a common format." Under Jacoby, DIA identified XML as the standard syntax for that common format, and chartered a working group to design and maintain its XML standard, initially known as the IC-Metadata System for Publications (IC-MSP; later subsumed in the Implementation Profile for Intelligence Publications or PUBS-XML). In the public sector where success in multi-organizational information sharing efforts has been rare, DIA succeeded, resulting in the 2007 opening of the Library of National Intelligence, growing at more than 20,000 XML documents per week. DIA’s efforts and Jacoby's foresight hold important lessons for all public sector organizations facing similar challenges.
Since leaving the Navy, Vice Admiral Jacoby has continued to serve the Intelligence Community in the private sector as a Sr Executive for a large defense contractor, he lives and works in the Washington D.C. Area.
Awards, decorations and badges
Vice Admiral Jacoby’s personal awards include the Defense Distinguished Service MedalDefense Distinguished Service Medal
The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a United States military award which is presented for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to national security or defense of the United States...
with two oak leaf clusters, the U.S. Navy
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919. The decoration is the Navy and Marine Corps equivalent to the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast...
Distinguished Service Medal
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919. The decoration is the Navy and Marine Corps equivalent to the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast...
, The Defense Superior Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
The Defense Superior Service Medal is a senior United States military decoration of the Department of Defense, awarded to members of the United States armed forces who perform "superior meritorious service in a position of significant responsibility."...
, the Legion of Merit
Legion of Merit
The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
with one Gold Star, the Meritorious Service Medal
Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal is a military decoration presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguished themselves by outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States subsequent to January 16, 1969...
with two Gold Stars, Navy/Marine Corp Commendation Medal
Commendation Medal
The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military decoration which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. For valorous actions in direct contact with an enemy force, but of a lesser degree than required for the award of the Bronze Star, the Valor device may...
with one Gold Star, and the Navy/Marine Corps Achievement Medal
Achievement Medal
The Achievement Medal is a military decoration of the United States military. The Achievement Medal was first proposed as a means to recognize the contributions of junior officers and enlisted personnel who were not eligible to receive the higher Commendation Medal or the Meritorious Service...
.
Unit awards include four Joint Meritorious Unit Award
Joint Meritorious Unit Award
The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is a military award that was established on June 4, 1981 by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger and was implemented by Department of Defense Directive 1348.27 dated July 22, 1982...
s and two Meritorious Unit Commendation
Meritorious Unit Commendation
The Meritorious Unit Commendation is a mid-level unit award of the United States military which is awarded to any military command which displays exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service, heroic deeds, or valorous actions....
s.
Other awards include the Vietnam Service Medal
Vietnam Service Medal
The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award which was created in 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. The distinctive design was the creation of sculptor Thomas Hudson Jones, a former employee of the Army Institute of Heraldry. The medal is issued to recognize military service during...
with four Bronze Stars, the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
The Global War on Terrorism Service Medal is a military award of the United States military which was created by Executive Order 13289 of President George W. Bush on March 12, 2003...
, the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon
Sea Service Ribbon
A Sea Service Ribbon is an award of the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard and the United States Army which recognizes those service members who have performed military duty while stationed on a vessel at sea....
with one Bronze Star and the Coast Guard Special Operations Service Ribbon
Special Operations Service Ribbon
The Special Operations Service Ribbon is a decoration of the United States Coast Guard which was first created in July 1987 by order of Commandant of the Coast Guard, Admiral Paul A. Yost Jr. The decoration is authorized for certain acts of non-combat meritorious service, performed in the service...
.
Intelligence Community awards include the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
The National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal is the highest decoration awarded for service to the United States Intelligence Community...
and the National Intelligence Achievement Medal
National Intelligence Achievement Medal
The National Intelligence Achievement Medal is a decoration of the United States Intelligence Community awarded by the National Intelligence Awards Program led by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence ....
.
Foreign awards and recognition include the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal, the Vietnamese Air Service Medal, the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
Vietnam Campaign Medal
The Vietnam Campaign Medal is a military recognition awarded by the Republic of Vietnam, , to any member of the United States, Australian, New Zealand and allied military forces serving six months or more in support of Republic of Vietnam military operations.Established in 1966, the decoration is...
, the Australian Chief of Defense Force Commendation, the Medal of the Military Intelligence Service of the Slovak Republic II Class and the National Order “The Star of Romania” in the rank of Commander (with military insignia).
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
|valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |U.S. military decorations
|-
|
|Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a United States military award which is presented for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to national security or defense of the United States...
(with 2 oak leaf clusters)
|-
|
|Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Navy)
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919. The decoration is the Navy and Marine Corps equivalent to the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast...
|-
|
|Defense Superior Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
The Defense Superior Service Medal is a senior United States military decoration of the Department of Defense, awarded to members of the United States armed forces who perform "superior meritorious service in a position of significant responsibility."...
|-
|
|Legion of Merit
Legion of Merit
The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
(with gold star)
|-
|
|Meritorious Service Medal
Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal is a military decoration presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguished themselves by outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States subsequent to January 16, 1969...
(with two gold stars)
|-
|
|Navy-Marine Corps Commendation Medal
Commendation Medal
The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military decoration which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. For valorous actions in direct contact with an enemy force, but of a lesser degree than required for the award of the Bronze Star, the Valor device may...
(with gold star)
|-
|
|Navy – Marine Corps Achievement Medal
Achievement Medal
The Achievement Medal is a military decoration of the United States military. The Achievement Medal was first proposed as a means to recognize the contributions of junior officers and enlisted personnel who were not eligible to receive the higher Commendation Medal or the Meritorious Service...
|-
|
|National Defense Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal
The National Defense Service Medal is a military service medal of the United States military originally commissioned by President Dwight D. Eisenhower...
|-
|
|Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
The Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal is a military award of the United States military, which was first created in 1961 by Executive Order of President John Kennedy...
|-
|
|Vietnam Service Medal
Vietnam Service Medal
The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award which was created in 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. The distinctive design was the creation of sculptor Thomas Hudson Jones, a former employee of the Army Institute of Heraldry. The medal is issued to recognize military service during...
(with four stars)
|-
|
|Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
The Global War on Terrorism Service Medal is a military award of the United States military which was created by Executive Order 13289 of President George W. Bush on March 12, 2003...
|-
|
|Navy-Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon
Overseas Service Ribbon
An Overseas Service Ribbon is a service military award of the United States military which recognizes those service members who have performed military tours of duty outside the borders of the United States of America. There are different versions of the Overseas Service Ribbons for the U.S. Army,...
|-
|
|Sea Service Deployment Ribbon (with bronze star)
|-
|
|U.S. Coast Guard Special Operations Services Ribbon
Special Operations Service Ribbon
The Special Operations Service Ribbon is a decoration of the United States Coast Guard which was first created in July 1987 by order of Commandant of the Coast Guard, Admiral Paul A. Yost Jr. The decoration is authorized for certain acts of non-combat meritorious service, performed in the service...
|-
|
|Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal
|-
|
|Vietnam Campaign Medal
Vietnam Campaign Medal
The Vietnam Campaign Medal is a military recognition awarded by the Republic of Vietnam, , to any member of the United States, Australian, New Zealand and allied military forces serving six months or more in support of Republic of Vietnam military operations.Established in 1966, the decoration is...
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |Unit awards
|-
|
|Joint Meritorious Unit Award
Joint Meritorious Unit Award
The Joint Meritorious Unit Award is a military award that was established on June 4, 1981 by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger and was implemented by Department of Defense Directive 1348.27 dated July 22, 1982...
(four awards)
|-
|
|Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
Vietnam Gallantry Cross
The Vietnam Gallantry Cross was a military decoration of South Vietnam which wasestablished in August 1950. Also known as the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Gallantry Cross was awarded to any military personnel who have accomplished deeds of valor or displayed heroic conduct while fighting an...
|-
|
|Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |Badges
|-
| align=center |
|Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a U.S. Military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and...
|-
|
|Defense Intelligence Agency
Defense Intelligence Agency
The Defense Intelligence Agency is a member of the Intelligence Community of the United States, and is the central producer and manager of military intelligence for the United States Department of Defense, employing over 16,500 U.S. military and civilian employees worldwide...
Badge
|-
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=2 |National non-military awards
|-
|
|National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal
The National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal is the highest decoration awarded for service to the United States Intelligence Community...
|-
|
|National Intelligence Achievement Medal
National Intelligence Achievement Medal
The National Intelligence Achievement Medal is a decoration of the United States Intelligence Community awarded by the National Intelligence Awards Program led by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence ....
|-
|}