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United States Pacific Command
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The United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) is a Unified Combatant Command of the armed forces of the United States, led by the Commander, Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM), is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving within its area of responsibility (AOR). Only the President of the United States, who is Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and the Secretary of Defense advised by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) have greater authority.
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Encyclopedia
The United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) is a Unified Combatant Command of the armed forces of the United States, led by the Commander, Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM), is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving within its area of responsibility (AOR). Only the President of the United States, who is Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and the Secretary of Defense advised by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) have greater authority. It is the oldest and largest of the ten Unified Combatant Commands. Based in Honolulu, Hawai'i on the island of O'ahu, the United States Pacific Command's sphere of control encompasses the Pacific Ocean from Antarctica at 092º W, north to 8º N, west to 112º W, northwest to 50º N/142º W, west to 170º E, north to 53º N, northeast to 65º30' N/169º W, north to 90º N, the Arctic Ocean west of 169º W and east of 100º E; the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan; the countries of Southeast Asia and the southern Asian landmass to the western border of India; the Indian Ocean east and south of the line from the India/Pakistan coastal border west to 068º E, south to 5º S/068º E, west to 5º S/059º E, south to 8º S/059º E, southwest to 11º S/054º E, west to 11º S/042º E, and south along 042º E to Antarctica; Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.”.
The main combat power of USPACOM is formed by U.S. Army Pacific, Marine Forces Pacific, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Pacific Air Forces, all headquartered in Honolulu with component forces stationed throughout the region.
Area of responsibility
The United States Pacific Command's area of jurisdiction can be quantified as follows: over fifty percent of the world's surface area —approximately 105 million square miles (nearly 272 million square kilometers)—, nearly sixty percent of the world's population, thirty-six countries, twenty territories, and ten territories and possessions of the United States.
It is charged with preserving and protecting five out of seven mutual defense treaties signed by the United States with its allies:
- U.S./Republic of the Philippines (Mutual Defense Treaty, 1952)
- U.S./Australia/New Zealand (ANZUS - U.S., 1952)
- U.S./Republic of Korea (Mutual Defense Treaty, 1954)
In addition, PACOM's area of responsibility covers Taiwan whose defense relationship with the United States is governed by the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979). Furthermore, while the SEATO organization was disestablished in the late 1970s, SEACDT, the Collective Defense Treaty, still formally binds the U.S., France, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and the Philippines.
Thirty-five percent of the total trade of the United States globally falls within the watch of the United States Pacific Command, amounting to more than $548 billion in 1998. Five of the world's largest militaries are monitored by the United States Pacific Command: People's Republic of China, India, Russia, North Korea and South Korea.
Headquarters
Offices for the United States Pacific Command are based at the Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center at Camp H. M. Smith near suburban Salt Lake and Moanalua. The staff comprises over 530 Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps and Navy officers and enlisted personnel with the support of an additional 110 civilian personnel.
Commander
In the operational chain of command, the Commander of USPACOM reports directly to the Secretary of Defense and the President. In the administrative chain of command, USPACOM reports through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Commanders, U.S. Pacific Command/Commanders, U.S. Pacific Fleet
Commanders, U.S. Pacific Command
- Admiral Felix Stump (14 January 1958 – 31 July 1958)
- Admiral Harry D. Felt (31 July 1958 – 30 June, 1964)
- Admiral Ulysses S. Grant Sharp (30 June 1964 – 31 July, 1968)
- Admiral John S. McCain, Jr. (31 July 1968 – 1 September, 1972)
- Admiral Noel A.M. Gayler (1 September 1972 – 30 August, 1976)
- Admiral Maurice F. Weisner (30 August 1976 – 31 October, 1979)
- Admiral Robert L.J. Long (31 October 1979 – 1 July, 1983)
- Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr. (1 July 1983 – 18 September, 1985)
- Admiral Ronald J. Hays (18 September 1985 – 30 September, 1988)
- Admiral Huntington Hardisty (30 September 1988 – 1 March, 1991)
- Admiral Charles R. Larson (1 March 1991 – 11 July, 1994)
- Lt-General Harold T. Fields (11 July 1994 – 19 July, 1994) (Acting)
- Admiral Richard C. Macke (19 July 1994 – 31 January, 1996)
- Admiral Joseph W. Prueher (31 January 1996 – 20 February, 1999)
- Admiral Dennis C. Blair (20 February 1999 – 2 May, 2002)
- Admiral Thomas B. Fargo (2 May 2002 – 26 February, 2005)
- Admiral William J. Fallon (26 February 2005 – 3 March, 2007)
- Lt-General Daniel P. Leaf (3 March 2007 – 23 March, 2007) (Acting)
- Admiral Timothy J. Keating (23 March 2007 –
Establishment
The United States Pacific Command was established on 1 January 1947 by President Harry Truman and was originally headquartered in the Salt Lake subdivision of Honolulu. It took control over all Armed Forces of the United States in what was once called the Pacific Theater during World War II. In 1972, the United States Pacific Command's responsibilities were greatly expanded to include the Indian Ocean, Southern Asia, and the Arctic. In 1976, it was again expanded to include parts of Africa. President Ronald Reagan expanded it again with the inclusion of the People's Republic of China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and Madagascar. In 1989, actions were taken to clarify the extent of authority given to the Commander, Pacific Command.
Name change
Prior to 2002, the office of the Commander had held the title of Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (CINCPAC). On 24 October 2002, the Commander was given the new title Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM) along with some organizational changes. Note: CINCPAC is not to be confused with CINCPACFLT, the former name (and subordinate command of CINCPAC) of the Commander of the US Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT).
Force structure
USPACOM is a unified command which includes about 300,000 military personnel from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps (about 20 percent of all active duty U.S. military forces). These forces are in three categories: Forward-Deployed (about 100,000), Forward-Based, and Continental U.S. (CONUS)-Based which comprise the remainder.
Service components
- U.S. Army Pacific Command:
- Headquarters, I Corps (Washington State)
- 25th Infantry Division (Light)/U.S. Army, Hawaii (States of Hawaii and Washington)
- 94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command, (Hawaii and Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Japan)
- U.S. Army, Japan/9th Theater Army Area Command (Japan)
- U.S. Army Chemical Activity Pacific (Johnston Island)
- 172nd Separate Infantry Brigade/U.S. Army, Alaska (Alaska)
- 9th Regional Support Command (USAR)
- Commander U.S. Pacific Fleet:
Subordinate unified commands
Standing joint task forces
Additional supporting units
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