List of National Medal of Science recipients
Encyclopedia
National Medal of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and...
is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the following six fields, behavioral and social sciences, biology
Biology
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines...
, chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
, engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
, mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
and physical sciences. The Committee on the National Medal of Science under the National Science Foundation (NSF) is responsible for recommending medal candidates to the President.
Behavioral and social science
- 1964 Othmar H. Ammann, Theodosius DobzhanskyTheodosius DobzhanskyTheodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky ForMemRS was a prominent geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the unifying modern evolutionary synthesis...
, Neal Elgar Miller - 1986 Herbert A. Simon
- 1987 Anne AnastasiAnne AnastasiAnne Anastasi was an American psychologist best known for her pioneering development of psychometrics. Her seminal work, Psychological Testing, remains a classic text in which she drew attention to the individual being tested and therefore to the responsibilities of the testers...
, George J. Stigler - 1988 Milton FriedmanMilton FriedmanMilton Friedman was an American economist, statistician, academic, and author who taught at the University of Chicago for more than three decades...
- 1990 Leonid HurwiczLeonid HurwiczLeonid "Leo" Hurwicz was a Russian-born American economist and mathematician. His nationality of origin was Polish. He was Jewish. He originated incentive compatibility and mechanism design, which show how desired outcomes are achieved in economics, social science and political science...
, Patrick SuppesPatrick SuppesPatrick Colonel Suppes is an American philosopher who has made significant contributions to philosophy of science, the theory of measurement, the foundations of quantum mechanics, decision theory, psychology, and educational technology... - 1991 Robert W. KatesRobert KatesRobert W. Kates is an American geographer and independent scholar in Trenton, Maine, and University Professor at Brown University.- Background :...
, George A. Miller - 1992 Eleanor J. GibsonEleanor J. GibsonEleanor J. Gibson was an American psychologist. Among her contributions to psychology, the most important are the study of perception in infants and toddlers...
- 1994 Robert K. MertonRobert K. MertonRobert King Merton was a distinguished American sociologist. He spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University, where he attained the rank of University Professor...
- 1995 Roger N. Shepard
- 1996 Paul A. Samuelson
- 1997 William K. Estes
- 1998 William Julius WilsonWilliam Julius WilsonWilliam Julius Wilson is an American sociologist. He worked at the University of Chicago 1972-1996 before moving to Harvard....
- 1999 Robert M. Solow
- 2000 Gary S. Becker
- 2001 George F. Bass
- 2003 R. Duncan LuceR. Duncan LuceRobert Duncan Luce is the Distinguished Research Professor of Cognitive Science at the University of California, Irvine.Luce received a B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1945, and PhD in Mathematics from the same university in 1950...
- 2004 Kenneth J. Arrow
- 2005 Gordon H. BowerGordon H. BowerGordon H. Bower is a cognitive psychologist studying human memory, language comprehension, emotion, and behavior modification. He received his Ph.D. in learning theory from Yale University in 1959. He currently holds the A. R. Lang Emeritus Professorship at Stanford University...
- 2008 Michael I. PosnerMichael Posner (psychologist)Michael I. Posner is the editor of numerous cognitive and neuroscience compilations and is an eminent researcher in the field of attention...
- 2009 Mortimer Mishkin
Biological Sciences
- 1963 Cornelius Van NielCornelius Van NielCornelis Bernardus van Niel was a Dutch-American microbiologist. He introduced the study of general microbiology to the United States and made key discoveries explaining the chemistry of photosynthesis.In 1923, Cornelis van Niel married Christina van Hemert, graduated in chemical engineering at...
- 1964 Marshall W. Nirenberg
- 1965 Francis P. RousFrancis Peyton RousPeyton Rous born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1879 and received his B.A. and M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He was involved in the discovery of the role of viruses in the transmission of certain types of cancer...
, George G. Simpson, Donald D. Van Slyke - 1966 Edward F. Knipling, Fritz Albert LipmannFritz Albert LipmannFritz Albert Lipmann FRS was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded half the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 .Lipmann was born in Königsberg, Germany to a Jewish family.Lipmann...
, William C. Rose, Sewall WrightSewall WrightSewall Green Wright was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. With R. A. Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane, he was a founder of theoretical population genetics. He is the discoverer of the inbreeding coefficient and of... - 1967 Kenneth S. Cole, Harry F. Harlow, Michael HeidelbergerMichael HeidelbergerMichael Heidelberger was an American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology. He and Oswald Avery showed that the polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling him to show that antibodies are proteins...
, Alfred H. SturtevantAlfred SturtevantAlfred Henry Sturtevant was an American geneticist. Sturtevant constructed the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1913. Throughout his career he worked on the organism Drosophila melanogaster with Thomas Hunt Morgan... - 1968 H. A. Barker, Bernard B. BrodieBernard Brodie (biochemist)Bernard Beryl Brodie , a leading researcher on drug therapy, is considered by many to be the founder of modern pharmacology and brought the field to prominence in the 1940s and 1950s. He was a major figure in the field of drug metabolism, the study of how drugs interact in the body and how they...
, Detlev W. Bronk, Jay LushJay LushJay Laurence Lush was a pioneering animal geneticist who made important contributions to livestock breeding. He is sometimes known as the father of modern scientific animal breeding. Lush received National Medal of Science in 1968 and the Wolf Prize in 1979....
, Burrhus Frederic Skinner - 1969 Robert J. Huebner, Ernst MayrErnst MayrErnst Walter Mayr was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists. He was also a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, historian of science, and naturalist...
- 1970 Barbara McClintockBarbara McClintockBarbara McClintock , the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927, where she was a leader in the development of maize cytogenetics...
, Albert B. SabinAlbert SabinAlbert Bruce Sabin was an American medical researcher best known for having developed an oral polio vaccine.-Life:... - 1973 Daniel I. ArnonDaniel I. ArnonDaniel Israel Arnon was a Polish-born American plant physiologist whose research led to greater insights into the operation of photosynthesis in plants...
, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. - 1974 Britton ChanceBritton ChanceBritton Chance was the Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, as well as Professor Emeritus of Physical Chemistry and Radiological Physics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.At the 1952 Summer Olympics, Chance won a gold medal in...
, Erwin ChargaffErwin ChargaffErwin Chargaff was an American biochemist who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi era. Through careful experimentation, Chargaff discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA...
, James Van Gundia NeelJames V. NeelJames Van Gundia Neel was an American geneticist who played a key role in the development of human genetics as a field of research in the United States. He made important contributions to the emergence of genetic epidemiology and pursued an understanding of the influence of environment on genes...
, James Augustine ShannonJames Augustine ShannonJames Augustine Shannon was an American nephrologist who served as director of National Institutes of Health from 1955-1968. In 1962 he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.... - 1975 Hallowell DavisHallowell DavisHallowell Davis was an American physiologist and otolaryngologist and researcher who did pioneering work on the physiology of hearing and the inner ear. He served as director of research at the Central Institute for the Deaf in St...
, Paul Gyorgy, Sterling Brown Hendricks, Orville Alvin VogelOrville VogelOrville Vogel was an American scientist and wheat breeder whose research made possible the "Green Revolution" in world food production.... - 1976 Roger C.L. Guillemin, Keith Roberts Porter, Efraim RackerEfraim RackerEfraim Racker was an Austrian biochemist who was responsible for identifying and purifying Factor 1 , the first part of the ATP synthase enzyme to be characterised. F1 is only a part of a larger ATP synthase complex known as Complex V...
, Edward O. Wilson - 1979 Robert H. BurrisRobert H. BurrisRobert H. Burris was a professor in the Biochemistry Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1961...
, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard StebbinsG. Ledyard StebbinsGeorge Ledyard Stebbins, Jr. was an American botanist and geneticist who is widely regarded as one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century. Stebbins received his Ph.D. in botany from Harvard University in 1931. He went on to the University of California, Berkeley, where his work...
, Paul A. Weiss - 1981 Philip HandlerPhilip HandlerPhilip Handler was an American nutritionist, and biochemist. He was President of the United States National Academy of Sciences for two terms from 1969 to 1981. He was also a recipient of the National Medal of Science....
- 1982 Seymour BenzerSeymour BenzerSeymour Benzer was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at...
, Glenn W. Burton, Mildred CohnMildred CohnMildred Cohn was an American biochemist. She graduated from high school at 14 and went on to receive her Bachelor's from Hunter College in 1931, her master's in 1932 from Columbia University, and her PhD in physical chemistry in 1938 from Columbia... - 1983 Howard L. Bachrach, Paul BergPaul BergPaul Berg is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids...
, Wendell L. RoelofsWendell L. RoelofsWendell L. Roelofs was the first researcher to characterize insect sex pheromone structures, developing microchemical techniques for the isolation and identification of pheromone components. Roelofs obtained his B.S. in chemistry in 1960 from Central College in Pella, Iowa and his Ph.D. in organic...
, Berta ScharrerBerta ScharrerBerta Vogel Scharrer was a German-born American scientist who helped to found the scientific discipline now known as neuroendocrinology.-Legacy:... - 1986 Stanley CohenStanley Cohen (neurologist)Stanley Cohen is an American biochemist and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine .He received his bachelor's degree in 1943 from Brooklyn College, where he had double-majored in chemistry and biology. After working as a bacteriologist at a milk processing plant to earn money, he...
, Donald A. HendersonDonald HendersonDonald Ainslie Henderson, known as D.A. Henderson, is an American physician and epidemiologist, who headed the international effort during the 1960s to eradicate smallpox. , he is a Distinguished Scholar at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's Center for Biosecurity and a professor of...
, Vernon B. MountcastleVernon MountcastleVernon Benjamin Mountcastle is Professor Emeritus of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University.He discovered and characterized the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex in the 1950s...
, George Emil PaladeGeorge Emil PaladeGeorge Emil Palade was a Romanian cell biologist. Described as "the most influential cell biologist ever", in 1974 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, together with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve. The prize was granted for his innovations in electron microscopy and...
, Joan A. SteitzJoan A. SteitzJoan Argetsinger Steitz is a molecular biologist at Yale University, famed for her discoveries involving RNA, including ground-breaking insights such as that ribosomes interact with mRNA by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by snRNPs, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins which... - 1987 Michael E. DebakeyMichael E. DeBakeyMichael Elias DeBakey was a world-renowned Lebanese-American cardiac surgeon, innovator, scientist, medical educator, and international medical statesman...
, Theodor O. DienerTheodor O. DienerTheodor Otto Diener is an American plant pathologist and was the first in the field to describe viroids.-Biography:...
, Harry EagleHarry EagleHarry Eagle was an American physician and pathologist. He studied, and later worked, at Johns Hopkins University before moving on to the National Institutes of Health. From 1961 to 1988 he worked at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine...
, Har Gobind Khorana, Rita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-Montalcini , Knight Grand Cross is an Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor... - 1988 Michael S. Brown, Stanley N. Cohen, Joseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. Goldstein from Kingstree, South Carolina is a Nobel Prize winning biochemist and geneticist, and a pioneer in the study of cholesterol metabolism.-Biography:...
, Maurice R. HillemanMaurice HillemanMaurice Ralph Hilleman was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over three dozen vaccines, more than any other scientist...
, Eric R. KandelEric R. KandelEric Richard Kandel is an American neuropsychiatrist who was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons...
, Rosalyn S. Yalow - 1989 Katherine EsauKatherine EsauKatherine Esau was a German-American botanist.She was born in Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire to a family of Mennonites of German descent. After the Revolution her family moved to Germany, and then to California, where she achieved her doctorate in 1931...
, Viktor HamburgerViktor HamburgerViktor Hamburger was a German professor and embryologist. Hamburger lectured, among others, Nobel Prize-winning neurologist Rita Levi-Montalcini , who identified nerve growth factor along with Hamburger when they collaborated...
, Philip LederPhilip LederPhilip Leder is an American geneticist. He was born in Washington, D.C. and studied at Harvard University, graduating in 1956. In 1960, he graduated from Harvard Medical School....
, Joshua LederbergJoshua LederbergJoshua Lederberg ForMemRS was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was just 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and...
, Roger W. Sperry, Harland G. Wood - 1990 Baruj BenacerrafBaruj BenacerrafBaruj Benacerraf was a Venezuelan-born American immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface protein molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and...
, Herbert W. Boyer, Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.Daniel Edward Koshland, Jr. reorganized the study of biology at the University of California at Berkeley and was the editor of the leading US science journal, Science, from 1985 to 1995...
, Edward B. LewisEdward B. Lewis- External links :* *...
, David G. NathanDavid G. NathanDavid G. Nathan is a pediatrician and hematologist. He is known for his authorship of Nathan and Oski's Hematology of Infancy and Childhood, a standard reference in pediatrics, currently in its seventh edition. Nathan remains an author on the current edition. Now retired, he was Robert A...
, E. Donnall ThomasE. Donnall ThomasDr. Edward Donnall Thomas is an American physician, professor emeritus at the University of Washington, and director emeritus of the clinical research division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In 1990 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph E. Murray for the... - 1991 Mary Ellen AveryMary Ellen AveryMary Ellen Avery is an American pediatrician. In the 1950s, Dr. Avery's pioneering research efforts helped lead to the discovery of the main cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies: her identification of surfactant led to the development of replacement therapy for premature...
, G. Evelyn HutchinsonG. Evelyn HutchinsonGeorge Evelyn Hutchinson FRS was an Anglo-American zoologist known for his studies of freshwater lakes and considered the father of American limnology....
, Elvin A. KabatElvin A. KabatElvin Abraham Kabat was an Americanbiomedical scientist who is considered one of the founding fathers of modern quantitative immunochemistry together with his mentor Michael Heidelberger...
, Salvador E. Luria, Paul A. Marks, Folke K SkoogFolke K SkoogFolke Karl Skoog was a Swedish-born American plant physiologist who was a pioneer in the field of plant growth regulators, particularly cytokinins...
, Paul C. Zamecnik - 1992 Maxine SingerMaxine SingerMaxine Frank Singer is an American molecular biologist and science administrator. She is known for her contributions to solving the genetic code, her role in the ethical and regulatory debates on recombinant DNA techniques , and her leadership of Carnegie Institution of Washington.Singer...
, Howard M. Temin - 1993 Daniel NathansDaniel NathansDaniel Nathans was an American microbiologist.He was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the last of nine children born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents. During the Great Depression his father lost his small business and was unemployed for a long period of time...
, Salome G. Waelsch - 1994 Thomas EisnerThomas EisnerThomas Eisner was a German-American entomologist and ecologist, known as the "father of chemical ecology."He was a Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Chemical Ecology at Cornell University, and Director of the Cornell Institute for Research in Chemical Ecology...
, Elizabeth F. NeufeldElizabeth F. NeufeldElizabeth F. Neufeld is an American geneticist whose research has focused on the genetic basis of metabolic disease in humans.Neufeld and her Russian Jewish family emigrated to the United States from Paris in 1940; they had left Europe as refugees to escape Nazi persecution... - 1995 Alexander RichAlexander RichAlexander Rich, MD is a biologist and biophysicist. He is the William Thompson Sedgwick Professor of Biophysics at MIT and Harvard Medical School. Dr. Rich earned both an A.B. and an M.D. from Harvard University. He was a post-doc of Linus Pauling along with James Watson...
- 1996 Ruth PatrickRuth PatrickDr. Ruth Myrtle Patrick is a botanist and limnologist specializing in diatoms and freshwater ecology, who developed ways to measure the health of freshwater ecosystems and established a number of research facilities. She attended the Sunset Hill School in Kansas City, Missouri, graduating in 1925....
- 1997 James D. WatsonJames D. WatsonJames Dewey Watson is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick...
, Robert A. Weinberg - 1998 Bruce AmesBruce AmesBruce Nathan Ames is an American biochemist. He is a professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute...
, Janet RowleyJanet RowleyJanet Davison Rowley is an American human geneticist and the first scientist to identify a chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers.... - 1999 David BaltimoreDavid BaltimoreDavid Baltimore is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the Robert A. Millikan Professor of Biology at Caltech...
, Jared DiamondJared DiamondJared Mason Diamond is an American scientist and author whose work draws from a variety of fields. He is currently Professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA...
, Lynn MargulisLynn MargulisLynn Margulis was an American biologist and University Professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She is best known for her theory on the origin of eukaryotic organelles, and her contributions to the endosymbiotic theory, which is now generally accepted... - 2000 Nancy C. AndreasenNancy C. AndreasenNancy Coover Andreasen is an American neuroscientist and neuropsychiatrist. She currently holds the Andrew H. Woods Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine.-Early life:...
, Peter H. RavenPeter H. RavenPeter Hamilton Raven is a botanist and environmentalist, notable as the longtime director, now President Emeritus, of the Missouri Botanical Garden.-Early life:...
, Carl WoeseCarl WoeseCarl Richard Woese is an American microbiologist and physicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea in 1977 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese and which is now standard practice. He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1977,... - 2001 Francisco J. AyalaFrancisco J. AyalaFrancisco José Ayala Pereda is a Spanish-American biologist and philosopher at the University of California, Irvine. He is a former Dominican priest, ordained in 1960, but left the priesthood that same year. After graduating from the University of Salamanca, he moved to the US in 1961 to study for...
, Mario R. Capecchi, Ann M. Graybiel, Gene E. Likens, Victor A. McKusickVictor A. McKusickVictor Almon McKusick , internist and medical geneticist, was University Professor of Medical Genetics and Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA...
, Harold Varmus - 2002 James E. DarnellJames E. DarnellJames Edwin Darnell Jr. is an American biologist who made significant contributions to RNA processing and cytokine signaling and is author of the cell biology textbook Molecular Cell Biology....
, Evelyn M. WitkinEvelyn M. WitkinEvelyn M. Witkin, born Evelyn Maisel is an American geneticist whose research has been widely influential in the areas of DNA mutagenesis and DNA repair.... - 2003 J. Michael BishopJ. Michael Bishop-External links:**...
, Solomon H. SnyderSolomon H. SnyderSolomon H. Snyder is an American neuroscientist.Snyder attended Georgetown University 1955-1958 and received his MD from Georgetown University School of Medicine in 1962. After medical internship at the Kaiser Hospital in San Francisco, he served as a research associate 1963-1965 at the NIH,...
, Charles YanofskyCharles Yanofsky- External links :* *... - 2004 Norman E. Borlaug, Phillip A. Sharp, Thomas E. StarzlThomas StarzlThomas E. Starzl is an American physician, researcher, and is an expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as "the father of modern transplantation."-Life:...
- 2005 Anthony FauciAnthony FauciAnthony S. Fauci is an immunologist who has made substantial contributions to research in the areas of AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, both as a scientist and as the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases .-Education and career:Anthony Stephen Fauci was born on...
, Torsten N. Wiesel - 2006 Rita R. Colwell, Nina FedoroffNina FedoroffNina Vsevolod Fedoroff is an American professor at Penn State university known for her research in life sciences and biotechnology. She received in 2006 the National Medal of Science in the field of Biological Sciences, the highest award for lifetime achievement in scientific research in the...
, Lubert StryerLubert StryerLubert Stryer is the Mrs. George A. Winzer Professor of Cell Biology, Emeritus at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was a Helen Hay Whitney Research Fellow from 1961 to 1964 before initiating his own research program at Stanford... - 2007 Robert J. Lefkowitz, Bert W. O'MalleyBert W. O'MalleyBert W. O’Malley, M.D. is the Tom Thompson Distinguished Service Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Baylor College of Medicine. A native of Pittsburgh, he has a bachelor's degree from the University of Pittsburgh and a M.D. from their School of Medicine...
- 2008 Francis S. Collins, Elaine FuchsElaine FuchsElaine V. Fuchs is an American cell biologist, famous for her work on the biology and molecular mechanisms of mammalian skin and skin diseases, and has led the modernization of dermatology. Fuchs also pioneered reverse genetics approaches, which assess protein function first and then assesses its...
, J. Craig VenterCraig VenterJohn Craig Venter is an American biologist and entrepreneur, most famous for his role in being one of the first to sequence the human genome and for his role in creating the first cell with a synthetic genome in 2010. Venter founded Celera Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research and the J... - 2009 Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. PrusinerStanley B. PrusinerStanley Ben Prusiner is an American neurologist and biochemist. Currently the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases at University of California, San Francisco . Prusiner discovered prions, a class of infectious self-reproducing pathogens primarily or solely composed of protein...
- 2010 Ralph L. BrinsterRalph L. BrinsterRalph Lawrence Brinster is an American geneticist and Richard King Mellon Professor of Reproductive Physiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.- Birth and education :...
, Shu ChienShu ChienShu Chien , is an eminent American biological scientist and engineer. Chien is current President of the Biomedical Engineering Society.-Biography:...
, Rudolf JaenischRudolf JaenischRudolf Jaenisch is a biologist at MIT. He is a pioneer of transgenic science, in which an animal’s genetic makeup is altered. Jaenisch has focused on creating transgenic mice to study cancer and neurological diseases....
Chemistry
- 1964 Roger AdamsRoger AdamsRoger Adams was an American organic chemist. He is best-known for the eponymous Adams' catalyst, and his work did much to determine the composition of naturally occurring substances such as complex vegetable oils and plant alkaloids...
, Harold Clayton Urey, Robert Burns WoodwardRobert Burns WoodwardRobert Burns Woodward was an American organic chemist, considered by many to be the preeminent organic chemist of the twentieth century... - 1965 Peter DebyePeter DebyePeter Joseph William Debye FRS was a Dutch physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.-Early life:...
- 1966 Henry EyringHenry EyringHenry Eyring was a Mexican-born American theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates....
- 1967 George KistiakowskyGeorge KistiakowskyGeorge Bogdan Kistiakowsky was a Ukrainian-American chemistry professor at Harvard who participated in the Manhattan Project and later served as President Eisenhower's Science Advisor...
- 1968 Paul Bartlett, Lars OnsagerLars OnsagerLars Onsager was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University....
- 1970 Saul WinsteinSaul WinsteinSaul Winstein was the Canadian chemist who discovered the Winstein reaction, in which he argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation. This fueled a debate with Herbert C. Brown over the existence of delocalized cations such as this. Richard F...
- 1973 Carl DjerassiCarl DjerassiCarl Djerassi is an Austrian-American chemist, novelist, and playwright best known for his contribution to the development of the first oral contraceptive pill . Djerassi is emeritus professor of chemistry at Stanford University.He participated in the invention in 1951, together with Mexican Luis E...
, Vladimir HaenselVladimir HaenselVladimir Haensel was an American chemical engineer who invented the platforming process - a platinum catalytic process for reforming petroleum hydrocarbons into gasoline... - 1974 Paul FloryPaul FloryPaul John Flory was an American chemist and Nobel laureate who was known for his prodigious volume of work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules...
, Linus Carl Pauling, Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer - 1979 Arthur KornbergArthur KornbergArthur Kornberg was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid " together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University...
, Severo OchoaSevero OchoaSevero Ochoa de Albornoz was a Spanish-American doctor and biochemist, and joint winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arthur Kornberg.-Early life:... - 1982 F. Albert CottonF. Albert CottonFrank Albert Cotton was the W.T. Doherty-Welch Foundation Chair and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M University. He authored over 1700 scientific articles. Cotton was recognized for his research on the chemistry of the transition metals.-Education:Frank Albert Cotton was born on...
, Gilbert StorkGilbert StorkGilbert Stork is a U.S. organic chemist. He is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. The Stork enamine synthesis is named in his honor.-Education:... - 1983 Roald HoffmannRoald HoffmannRoald Hoffmann is an American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He currently teaches at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.-Escape from the Holocaust:...
, George C. PimentelGeorge C. PimentelGeorge Claude Pimentel was the inventor of the chemical laser. He also developed the modern technique of matrix isolation in low-temperature chemistry. In theoretical chemistry, he proposed the three-centre four-electron bond which is now accepted as the best simple model of hypervalent...
, Richard N. Zare - 1986 Harry Gray, Yuan Tseh Lee, Carl S. Marvel, Frank H. Westheimer
- 1987 William S. JohnsonWilliam Summer JohnsonWilliam Summer Johnson was an American chemist and teacher. From 1940 to 1958, Dr. Johnson was an instructor and then professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In 1958, he moved to Stanford University in California where he spent the remainder of his scientific career...
, Walter H. StockmayerWalter H. StockmayerWalter Hugo Stockmayer was an internationally known chemist and university teacher. A former member of the National Academy of Sciences, he was recognized as one of the twentieth century pioneers of polymer science...
, Max TishlerMax TishlerMax Tishler was a scientist at Merck & Co. who led the research teams that synthesized ascorbic acid, riboflavin, cortisone, miamin, pyridoxin, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan... - 1988 William O. BakerWilliam O. BakerWilliam Oliver Baker was a former President of Bell Labs who had advised five Presidents on scientific matters. He received his degree from Washington College and went on to get a doctorate from Princeton University, studying under Charles Phelps Smyth...
, Konrad E. Bloch, Elias J. Corey - 1989 Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin CalvinMelvin CalvinMelvin Ellis Calvin was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.- Life :Calvin was born...
, Rudoph A. Marcus, Harden M. McConnellHarden M. McConnellHarden M. McConnell is an American physical chemist at Stanford University.-Birth and education:Harden M. McConnell was born on July 18, 1927 in Richmond, Virginia. He completed his Bachelor of Science from George Washington University in 1947 and his PhD from the California Institute of... - 1990 Elkan BloutElkan BloutElkan R. Blout was a Professor of biochemistry at Harvard University. He joined the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1969. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science. He died of pneumonia in 2006. He is buried on Cuttyhunk Island.-External links:*...
, Karl Folkers, John D. RobertsJohn D. RobertsJohn Dombrowski Roberts is an American chemist. He has made contributions to the integration of physical chemistry, spectroscopy and organic chemistry for the understanding of chemical reaction rates.... - 1991 Ronald BreslowRonald BreslowRonald C. D. Breslow is an American chemist from Rahway, New Jersey. He is currently University Professor at Columbia University, where he is based in the Department of Chemistry and affiliated with the Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmacology; he has also been on the faculty of its...
, Gertrude B. Elion, Dudley R. HerschbachDudley R. HerschbachDudley Robert Herschbach is an American chemist at Harvard University. He won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C...
, Glenn T. SeaborgGlenn T. SeaborgGlenn Theodore Seaborg was an American scientist who won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements", contributed to the discovery and isolation of ten elements, and developed the actinide concept, which led to the current arrangement of the... - 1992 Howard E. Simmons, Jr.
- 1993 Donald J. CramDonald J. CramDonald James Cram was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J...
, Norman HackermanNorman HackermanNorman Hackerman was an American chemist, internationally known as an expert in metal corrosion, and a former president of both the University of Texas at Austin and Rice University .... - 1994 George S. HammondGeorge S. HammondGeorge S. Hammond was a chemist at Iowa State University and the California Institute of Technology. Among his awards were the Norris Award in 1968 and the Priestley Medal in 1976 and the National Medal of Science in 1994...
- 1995 Thomas CechThomas CechThomas Robert Cech is a chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel prize in chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, which showed that life could have started as RNA...
, Isabella L. Karle - 1996 Norman Davidson
- 1997 Darleane C. HoffmanDarleane C. HoffmanDarleane C. Hoffman is an American nuclear chemist who was among the researchers who confirmed the existence of Seaborgium, element 106. She is a faculty senior scientist in the Nuclear Science Division of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and a professor in the graduate school at UC Berkeley.She...
, Harold S. Johnston - 1998 John W. CahnJohn W. CahnJohn Werner Cahn is an American scientist and winner of the 1998 National Medal of Science. He was a professor in the department of Materials Science at MIT from 1964-1978. Since 1977, he has held a position at the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Dr...
, George M. WhitesidesGeorge M. WhitesidesGeorge M. Whitesides is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Harvard University. He is best known for his work in the areas of NMR spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, soft lithography, microfabrication, microfluidics, and nanotechnology... - 1999 Stuart A. RiceStuart A. RiceStuart Alan Rice is an American theoretical chemist and physical chemist. He is well-known as a theoretical chemist who also does experimental research, having spent much of his career working in multiple areas of physical chemistry. He is currently the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service...
, John RossJohn Ross (chemist)John Ross is Camille and Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus, at Stanford University.-Education and career:B.S., 1948, Queens College; Ph.D., 1951, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Honors and awards:...
, Susan SolomonSusan SolomonSusan Solomon is an atmospheric chemist working for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Solomon was one of the first to propose chlorofluorocarbons as the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole.Solomon is a member of the U.S... - 2000 John D. Baldeschwieler, Ralph F. HirschmannRalph F. HirschmannRalph Franz Hirschmann was a German American biochemist who led a team that was responsible for the first organic synthesis of an enzyme, a ribonuclease.-Early life and education:...
- 2001 Ernest R. DavidsonErnest R. DavidsonErnest R. Davidson, born October 12, 1936 in Terre Haute, Indiana, is Professor of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. He graduated from Wiley High School, Terre Haute and Rose Polytechnic Institute....
, Gabor A. SomorjaiGabor A. SomorjaiGabor A. Somorjai is currently a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and is a leading researcher in the field of surface chemistry and catalysis... - 2002 John I. Brauman
- 2004 Stephen J. LippardStephen J. LippardStephen J. Lippard is an American bioinorganic chemist and the Arthur Amos Noyes Professor of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.-Career:...
- 2006 Marvin H. Caruthers, Peter B. DervanPeter DervanPeter B. Dervan is the Bren Professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology. The primary focus of his research is the development and study of small organic molecules that can sequence-specifically recognize DNA, a field in which he is an internationally recognized authority...
, Robert S. LangerRobert S. LangerRobert S. Langer is an American engineer and the David H. Koch Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was formerly the Germeshausen Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and maintains activity in the department of chemical engineering and the department of... - 2007 Mostafa A. El-SayedMostafa El-SayedMostafa A. El-Sayed is an Egyptian-American chemical physicist, a leading nanoscience researcher, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a US National Medal of Science laureate. He is also known for the spectroscopy rule named after him, the El-Sayed rule.- Academic career :He earned...
- 2008 Joanna S. FowlerJoanna S. FowlerJoanna S. Fowler, a senior chemist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the Director of Brookhaven’s Center for Translational Neuroimaging, has been named the 2005 recipient of the Distinguished Basic Scientist of the Year Award from the Academy of Molecular...
, JoAnne StubbeJoAnne StubbeJoAnne Stubbe is an American chemist. She is currently the Novartis Professor of Chemistry & Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.-Career:... - 2009 Stephen J. BenkovicStephen J. BenkovicStephen James Benkovic is an American chemist. He is Evan Pugh Professor and Eberly Chair in Chemistry at Penn State University. His research has focused on mechanistic enzymology and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in...
, Marye Anne FoxMarye Anne FoxMarye Anne Payne Fox is a physical organic chemist and university administrator. She was the first female chief executive of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. In April 2004, Fox was named Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego.-Early years:Fox was born in... - 2010 Jacqueline K. Barton, Peter J. StangPeter J. StangPeter John Stang is an American chemist. He is a professor of chemistry at the University of Utah and the editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society since 2002....
Engineering Sciences
- 1962 Theodore von KármánTheodore von KarmanTheodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization...
- 1963 Vannevar BushVannevar BushVannevar Bush was an American engineer and science administrator known for his work on analog computing, his political role in the development of the atomic bomb as a primary organizer of the Manhattan Project, the founding of Raytheon, and the idea of the memex, an adjustable microfilm viewer...
, John Robinson PierceJohn Robinson PierceJohn Robinson Pierce , was an American engineer and author. He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, he earned his Ph.D... - 1964 Charles S. Draper
- 1965 Hugh L. Dryden, Clarence L. Johnson, Warren K. LewisWarren K. LewisWarren Kendall Lewis was an MIT professor who has been called the father of modern chemical engineering. He co-authored an early major textbook on the subject which essentially introduced the concept of unit operations...
- 1966 Claude E. Shannon, Vladimir K. Zworykin
- 1967 Edwin H. LandEdwin H. LandEdwin Herbert Land was an American scientist and inventor, best known as the co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation. Among other things, he invented inexpensive filters for polarizing light, a practical system of in-camera instant photography, and his retinex theory of color vision...
, Igor I. Sikorsky - 1968 J. Presper EckertJ. Presper EckertJohn Adam Presper "Pres" Eckert Jr. was an American electrical engineer and computer pioneer. With John Mauchly he invented the first general-purpose electronic digital computer , presented the first course in computing topics , founded the first commercial computer company , and...
, Nathan M. NewmarkNathan M. NewmarkNathan Mortimore Newmark was an American structural engineer and academic. He was awarded the National Medal of Science for engineering.-Early life:... - 1969 Jack St. Clair Kilby
- 1970 George E. Mueller
- 1973 Harold E. Edgerton, Richard T. Whitcomb
- 1974 Rudolf KompfnerRudolf KompfnerRudolf Kompfner was an Austrian-born engineer and physicist, best known as the inventor of the traveling-wave tube .Kompfner was born in Vienna to Jewish parents...
, Ralph Brazelton PeckRalph Brazelton PeckDr. Ralph Brazelton Peck was an eminent civil engineer specializing in soil mechanics. He died on February 18, 2008 from congestive heart failure...
, Abel WolmanAbel WolmanAbel Wolman was an American inventor, scientist, professor and pioneer of modern sanitary engineering. His work in supplying clean water spanned eight decades.-Background:... - 1975 Manson BenedictManson BenedictManson Benedict was an American nuclear engineer and a professor of nuclear engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . From 1958 to 1968, he was the chairman of the advisory committee to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.-Biography:Born in Lake Linden, Michigan, Benedict received a...
, William Hayward PickeringWilliam Hayward PickeringWilliam Hayward Pickering ONZ KBE was a New Zealand born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena, California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for 22 years, retiring in 1976...
, Frederick E. Terman, Wernher Von BraunWernher von BraunWernher Magnus Maximilian, Freiherr von Braun was a German rocket scientist, aerospace engineer, space architect, and one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany during World War II and in the United States after that.A former member of the Nazi party,... - 1976 Morris CohenMorris Cohen (scientist)Morris Cohen .Born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, United States, Cohen spent his entire career affiliated with MIT. He graduated from his undergraduate degree in 1933, receiving his doctorate three years later, and was appointed assistant professor of metallurgy in 1937...
, Peter C. Goldmark, Erwin Wilhelm MüllerErwin Wilhelm MüllerErwin Wilhelm Müller was a German physicist who invented the Field Emission Electron Microscope , the Field Ion Microscope , and the Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope... - 1979 Emmett N. Leith, Raymond D. MindlinRaymond D. MindlinRaymond David Mindlin was a mechanician who made seminal contributions to many branches of applied mechanics, applied physics, and engineering sciences.-Education:...
, Robert N. Noyce, Earl R. Parker, Simon RamoSimon RamoSimon "Si" Ramo is an American physicist, engineer, and business leader. He led development of microwave and missile technology and is sometimes known as the father of the intercontinental ballistic missile... - 1982 Edward H. Heinemann, Donald L. Katz
- 1983 William R. Hewlett, George M. Low, John G. Trump
- 1986 Hans Wolfgang Liepmann, T. Y. LinT. Y. LinTung-Yen Lin was a structural engineer who was the pioneer of standardizing the use of prestressed concrete....
, Bernard M. OliverBernard M. OliverBernard M. Oliver , aka Barney Oliver, was a scientist who made contributions in many fields, including radar, television, and computers. He was the founder and director of Hewlett Packard laboratories until his retirement in 1981. He is also a recognized pioneer in the search for... - 1987 Robert B. Bird, H. Bolton Seed, Ernst WeberErnst Weber (engineer)Ernst Weber , Austria-born American electrical engineer, was a pionier in microwave technologies and played an important role in the history of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University, where in 1945 he founded the Microwave Research Institute Ernst Weber (September 6, 1901 Vienna, Austria...
- 1988 Daniel C. DruckerDaniel C. DruckerDaniel Charles Drucker was an authority on the theory of plasticity in the field of applied mechanics. He was awarded the Timoshenko Medal in 1983. He taught at Brown University from 1946 until 1968 when he joined the University of Illinois as Dean of Engineering...
, Willis M. Hawkins, George W. HousnerGeorge W. HousnerGeorge W. Housner was an eminent authority on earthquake engineering and National Medal of Science laureate. Housner received his Bachelors degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan where he was influenced by Stephen Timoshenko... - 1989 Harry George DrickamerHarry George DrickamerProf. Harry George Drickamer , born Harold George Weidenthal, was a pioneer experimentalist in high-pressure studies of condensed matter. His work generally concerned understanding the electronic properties of matter....
, Herbert E. Grier - 1990 Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Nick Holonyak Jr.
- 1991 George Heilmeier, Luna B. Leopold, H. Guyford Stever
- 1992 Calvin F. Quate, John Roy WhinneryJohn Roy WhinneryJohn Roy Whinnery was an American electrical engineer and educator who worked in the fields of microwave theory and laser experimentation.-Biography:...
- 1993 Alfred Y. ChoAlfred Y. ChoAlfred Yi Cho is the Adjunct Vice President of Semiconductor Research at Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs. He is known as the "father of molecular beam epitaxy"; a technique he developed at that facility in the late 1960s. He is also the co-inventor, with Federico Capasso of quantum cascade lasers at...
- 1994 Ray W. CloughRay W. CloughRay William Clough, , was Byron L. and Elvira E. Nishkian Professor of Structural Engineering in the department of Civil Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and one the founders of the Finite Element Method . His article in 1956 was one of the first applications of this...
- 1995 Hermann A. HausHermann A. HausHermann Anton Haus was a Slovene-American physicist, electrical engineer, and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Haus' research and teaching ranged from fundamental investigations of quantum uncertainty as manifested in optical communications to the practical...
- 1996 James L. Flanagan, C. Kumar N. PatelC. Kumar N. PatelC. Kumar N. Patel developed the carbon dioxide laser in 1963; it is now widely used in industry for cutting and welding, as a laser scalpel in surgery, and in laser skin resurfacing...
- 1998 Eli RuckensteinEli RuckensteinDr Eli Ruckenstein is a Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. His main research areas are catalysis, surface phenomena, colloids and emulsions, and bio-compatible surfaces and...
- 1999 Kenneth N. StevensKenneth N. StevensKenneth N. Stevens is Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at MIT. Stevens heads the Speech Communication Group in MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics , and is one of the world's leading scientists in...
- 2000 Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
- 2001 Andreas AcrivosAndreas AcrivosAndreas Acrivos is the Albert Einstein Professor of Science and Engineering, Emeritus at the City College of New York. He is also the Director of the Benjamin Levich Institute for Physicochemical Hydrodynamics.-Education and career:...
- 2002 Leo BeranekLeo BeranekLeo Leroy Beranek is an American acoustics expert, former MIT professor and a founder and former president of Bolt, Beranek and Newman ....
- 2003 John M. Prausnitz
- 2004 Edwin N. LightfootEdwin N. LightfootEdwin N. Lightfoot is a Chemical Engineer and the Hilldale Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is known for his research in transport phenomena, including biological mass-transfer processes, mass-transport reaction...
- 2005 Jan D. AchenbachJan D. Achenbach-External links:...
, Tobin J. MarksTobin J. MarksTobin Jay Marks is the Vladimir N. Ipatieff Professor of Catalytic Chemistry and Professor of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University... - 2007 David J. Wineland
- 2008 Rudolf E. Kálmán
- 2009 Amnon YarivAmnon YarivAmnon Yariv is an Israeli-American professor of applied physics and electrical engineering at Caltech, known for innovations in optoelectronics....
Mathematical, Statistical, and Computer Sciences
- 1963 Norbert WienerNorbert WienerNorbert Wiener was an American mathematician.A famous child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems.Wiener is regarded as the originator of cybernetics, a...
- 1964 Solomon LefschetzSolomon LefschetzSolomon Lefschetz was an American mathematician who did fundamental work on algebraic topology, its applications to algebraic geometry, and the theory of non-linear ordinary differential equations.-Life:...
, H. Marston MorseMarston MorseHarold Calvin Marston Morse was an American mathematician best known for his work on the calculus of variations in the large, a subject where he introduced the technique of differential topology now known as Morse theory... - 1965 Oscar ZariskiOscar ZariskiOscar Zariski was a Russian mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.-Education:...
- 1966 John MilnorJohn MilnorJohn Willard Milnor is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, K-theory and dynamical systems. He won the Fields Medal in 1962, the Wolf Prize in 1989, and the Abel Prize in 2011. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University...
- 1967 Paul CohenPaul Cohen (mathematician)Paul Joseph Cohen was an American mathematician best known for his proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis and the axiom of choice from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, the most widely accepted axiomatization of set theory.-Early years:Cohen was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, into a...
- 1968 Jerzy NeymanJerzy NeymanJerzy Neyman , born Jerzy Spława-Neyman, was a Polish American mathematician and statistician who spent most of his professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.-Life and career:...
- 1969 William FellerWilliam FellerWilliam Feller born Vilibald Srećko Feller , was a Croatian-American mathematician specializing in probability theory.-Early life and education:...
- 1970 Richard BrauerRichard BrauerRichard Dagobert Brauer was a leading German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory...
- 1973 John TukeyJohn TukeyJohn Wilder Tukey ForMemRS was an American statistician.- Biography :Tukey was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1915, and obtained a B.A. in 1936 and M.Sc. in 1937, in chemistry, from Brown University, before moving to Princeton University where he received a Ph.D...
- 1974 Kurt GödelKurt GödelKurt Friedrich Gödel was an Austrian logician, mathematician and philosopher. Later in his life he emigrated to the United States to escape the effects of World War II. One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the...
- 1975 John W. Backus, Shiing-Shen ChernShiing-Shen ChernShiing-Shen Chern was a Chinese American mathematician, one of the leaders in differential geometry of the twentieth century.-Early years in China:...
, George B. Dantzig - 1976 Kurt Otto Friedrichs, Hassler WhitneyHassler WhitneyHassler Whitney was an American mathematician. He was one of the founders of singularity theory, and did foundational work in manifolds, embeddings, immersions, and characteristic classes.-Work:...
- 1979 Joseph L. Doob, Donald E. Knuth
- 1982 Marshall Harvey StoneMarshall Harvey StoneMarshall Harvey Stone was an American mathematician who contributed to real analysis, functional analysis, and the study of Boolean algebras.-Biography:...
- 1983 Herman Goldstine, Isadore SingerIsadore SingerIsadore Manuel Singer is an Institute Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
- 1986 Peter LaxPeter LaxPeter David Lax is a mathematician working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics. He has made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and mathematical and scientific computing, among other fields...
, Antoni ZygmundAntoni ZygmundAntoni Zygmund was a Polish-born American mathematician.-Life:Born in Warsaw, Zygmund obtained his PhD from Warsaw University and became a professor at Stefan Batory University at Wilno... - 1987 Raoul BottRaoul BottRaoul Bott, FRS was a Hungarian mathematician known for numerous basic contributions to geometry in its broad sense...
, Michael FreedmanMichael FreedmanMichael Hartley Freedman is a mathematician at Microsoft Station Q, a research group at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 1986, he was awarded a Fields Medal for his work on the Poincaré conjecture. Freedman and Robion Kirby showed that an exotic R4 manifold exists.Freedman was born... - 1988 Ralph E. GomoryRalph E. GomoryRalph Edward Gomory is an American applied mathematician and executive. Gomory worked at IBM as a researcher and later as an executive. During that time, his research led to the creation of new areas of applied mathematics....
, Joseph B. Keller - 1989 Samuel KarlinSamuel KarlinSamuel Karlin was an American mathematician at Stanford University in the late 20th century.Karlin was born in Yanova, Poland and immigrated to Chicago as a child...
, Saunders MacLane, Donald C. SpencerDonald C. SpencerDonald Clayton Spencer was an American mathematician, known for major work on deformation theory of structures arising in differential geometry, and on several complex variables from the point of view of partial differential equations. He was born in Boulder, Colorado, and educated at the... - 1990 George F. CarrierGeorge F. CarrierGeorge Francis Carrier was a mathematician and the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Applied Mathematics Emeritus of Harvard University. He was particularly noted for his ability to intuitively model a physical system and then deduce an analytical solution...
, Stephen Cole KleeneStephen Cole KleeneStephen Cole Kleene was an American mathematician who helped lay the foundations for theoretical computer science...
, John McCarthyJohn McCarthy (computer scientist)John McCarthy was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He coined the term "artificial intelligence" , invented the Lisp programming language and was highly influential in the early development of AI.McCarthy also influenced other areas of computing such as time sharing systems... - 1991 Alberto CalderónAlberto CalderónAlberto Pedro Calderón was an Argentine mathematician best known for his work on the theory of partial differential equations and singular integral operators, and widely considered as one of the 20th century's most important mathematicians...
- 1992 Allen NewellAllen NewellAllen Newell was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology...
- 1993 Martin KruskalMartin KruskalMartin David Kruskal was an American mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions in many areas of mathematics and science, ranging from plasma physics to general relativity and from nonlinear analysis to asymptotic analysis...
- 1994 John CockeJohn CockeJohn Cocke was an American computer scientist recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. He is considered by many to be "the father of RISC architecture."...
- 1995 Louis NirenbergLouis NirenbergLouis Nirenberg is a Canadian mathematician, and one of the outstanding analysts of the twentieth century. He has made fundamental contributions to linear and nonlinear partial differential equations and their application to complex analysis and geometry.He was born in Hamilton, Ontario and...
- 1996 Richard M. Karp, Stephen SmaleStephen SmaleSteven Smale a.k.a. Steve Smale, Stephen Smale is an American mathematician from Flint, Michigan. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966, and spent more than three decades on the mathematics faculty of the University of California, Berkeley .-Education and career:He entered the University of...
- 1997 Shing-Tung YauShing-Tung YauShing-Tung Yau is a Chinese American mathematician working in differential geometry. He was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China into a family of scholars from Jiaoling, Guangdong Province....
- 1998 Cathleen Synge MorawetzCathleen Synge MorawetzCathleen Synge Morawetz is a mathematician. Morawetz's research was mainly in the study of the partial differential equations governing fluid flow, particularly those of mixed type occurring in transonic flow...
- 1999 Felix BrowderFelix BrowderFelix E. Browder is a United States mathematician.Felix Browder received his doctorate from Princeton University in 1948. He is known for his research in nonlinear functional analysis, including the theory of semigroups, monotone operators, and fixed points of Cesàro sums of non-expansive operators...
, Ronald R. CoifmanRonald CoifmanRonald Raphael Coifman is the Phillips Professor of Mathematics at Yale University. Coifman graduated from the University of Geneva in 1965.Coifman is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, and the National Academy of Sciences... - 2000 John Griggs Thompson, Karen K. Uhlenbeck
- 2001 Calyampudi R. RaoC. R. RaoCalyampudi Radhakrishna Rao FRS known as C R Rao is an Indian statistician. He is currently professor emeritus at Penn State University and Research Professor at the University at Buffalo. Rao has been honored by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US...
, Elias M. SteinElias M. SteinElias Menachem Stein is a mathematician and a leading figure in the field of harmonic analysis. He is the Albert Baldwin Dod Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University.-Biography:... - 2002 James G. GlimmJames GlimmJames Gilbert Glimm is an American mathematical physicist, and Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.James Glimm was born in Peoria, Illinois, USA on 24 March 1934.- Career :...
- 2003 Carl R. de BoorCarl R. de BoorCarl-Wilhelm Reinhold de Boor is a German-American mathematician and professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.-Early life:...
- 2004 Dennis P. Sullivan
- 2005 Bradley EfronBradley EfronBradley Efron is an American statistician best known for proposing the bootstrap resampling technique, which has had a major impact in the field of statistics and virtually every area of statistical application...
- 2006 Hyman BassHyman BassHyman Bass is an American mathematician, known for work in algebra and in mathematics education. From 1959-1998 he was Professor in the Mathematics Department at Columbia University, where he is now professor emeritus...
- 2007 Leonard KleinrockLeonard KleinrockLeonard Kleinrock is an American engineer and computer scientist. A computer science professor at UCLA's Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, he made several important contributions to the field of computer networking, in particular to the theoretical side of computer networking...
, Andrew J. Viterbi - 2009 David B. Mumford
- 2010 Richard A. TapiaRichard A. TapiaRichard Alfred Tapia is a renowned American mathematician and champion of under-represented minorities in the sciences. In recognition of his broad contributions, in 2005, Tapia was named "University Professor" at Rice University in Houston, Texas, the University's highest academic title...
, Srinivasa S.R. Varadhan
Physical Sciences
- 1963 Luis W. Alvarez
- 1964 Julian SchwingerJulian SchwingerJulian Seymour Schwinger was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order.Schwinger is recognized as one of the...
- 1965 John BardeenJohn BardeenJohn Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer, the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a...
, Leon M. LedermanLeon M. LedermanLeon Max Lederman is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his work with neutrinos. He is Director Emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, USA...
, William Rubey - 1966 Jacob BjerknesJacob BjerknesJacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes was a Norwegian-American meteorologist. -Background:Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His father was the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, one of the pioneers of modern weather forecasting. His paternal grandfather was noted...
, Subrahmanyan ChandrasekharSubrahmanyan ChandrasekharSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS ) was an Indian origin American astrophysicist who, with William A. Fowler, won the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics for key discoveries that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars...
, John H. Van Vleck - 1967 Jesse BeamsJesse BeamsJesse Wakefield Beams was an American physicist at the University of Virginia.Beams completed his undergraduate B.A. in physics at Fairmount College in 1921 and his master's degree the next year at the University of Wisconsin–Madison...
, Francis BirchFrancis Birch (geophysicist)Albert Francis Birch was an American geophysicist best known for his experimental work on the properties of Earth-forming minerals at high pressure and temperature, in 1952 he published a well-known paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research ,where he demonstrated that the mantle is chiefly...
, Gregory BreitGregory BreitGregory Breit was a Russian-born American physicist and professor at universities in New York, Wisconsin, Yale, and Buffalo...
, Louis Hammett - 1968 Herbert FriedmanHerbert FriedmanHerbert Friedman was an American pioneer in the application of sounding rockets to solar physics, aeronomy, and astronomy. He was also a statesman and public advocate for science...
, Eugene Wigner - 1969 Herbert C. BrownHerbert C. BrownHerbert Charles Brown was a chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate for his work with organoboranes....
, Wolfgang Panofsky - 1970 Robert H. DickeRobert H. DickeRobert Henry Dicke was an American physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.-Biography:...
, Allan R. Sandage, John C. SlaterJohn C. SlaterJohn Clarke Slater was a noted American physicist who made major contributions to the theory of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. This work is of ongoing importance in chemistry, as well as in many areas of physics. He also made major contributions to microwave electronics....
, John A. Wheeler - 1973 Maurice EwingMaurice EwingWilliam Maurice "Doc" Ewing was an American geophysicist and oceanographer.Ewing has been described as a pioneering geophysicist who worked on the research of seismic reflection and refraction in ocean basins, ocean bottom photography, submarine sound transmission , deep sea coring of the ocean...
, Arie Jan Haagen-SmitArie Jan Haagen-SmitArie Jan Haagen-Smit was a Dutch chemist. He is best known for linking the smog in Southern California to automobiles and is therefore known by many as the "father" of air pollution control. After serving as an original board member of the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board, formed in 1960 to...
, Frederick SeitzFrederick SeitzFrederick Seitz was an American physicist and a pioneer of solid state physics. Seitz was president of Rockefeller University, and president of the United States National Academy of Sciences 1962–1969. He was the recipient of the National Medal of Science, NASA's Distinguished Public Service...
, Robert Rathbun Wilson - 1974 Nicolaas BloembergenNicolaas BloembergenNicolaas Bloembergen is a Dutch-American physicist and Nobel laureate.He received his Ph.D. degree from University of Leiden in 1948; while pursuing his PhD at Harvard, Bloembergen also worked part-time as a graduate research assistant for Edward Mills Purcell at the MIT Radiation Laboratory...
, William Alfred FowlerWilliam Alfred FowlerWilliam Alfred "Willy" Fowler was an American astrophysicist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983. He should not be confused with the British astronomer Alfred Fowler.... - 1975 Hans A. Bethe, Joseph Hirschfelder, Lewis Sarett, E. Bright Wilson, Chien-Shiung WuChien-Shiung WuChien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American physicist with expertise in the techniques of experimental physics and radioactivity. Wu worked on the Manhattan Project...
- 1976 Samuel Goudsmit, Herbert S. GutowskyHerbert S. GutowskyHerbert S. Gutowsky was an American chemist who was a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His pioneering work made nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy one of the most effective tools in chemical and medical research.- Birth and education :Herbert S...
, Frederick RossiniFrederick RossiniFrederick Dominic Rossini was an American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics.In 1920, at the age of twenty-one, Rossini entered Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and soon was awarded a full-time teaching scholarship. He graduated with a B.S. in chemical...
, Verner SuomiVerner SuomiVerner E. Suomi was the father of satellite meteorology. He invented the Spin Scan Radiometer, which for many years was the instrument on the GOES weather satellites that generated the time sequences of cloud images seen on television weather shows.Together with Robert Parent, in 1965 Suomi...
, Henry TaubeHenry TaubeHenry Taube, Ph.D, M.Sc, B.Sc, FRSC was a Canadian-born American chemist noted for having been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes." He was the first Canadian-born chemist to win the Nobel Prize...
, George Uhlenbeck - 1979 Richard P. Feynman, Herman Mark, Edward M. Purcell, John Sinfelt, Lyman SpitzerLyman SpitzerLyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. was an American theoretical physicist and astronomer best known for his research in star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, for conceiving the idea of telescopes operating in outer space...
, Victor F. Weisskopf - 1982 Philip W. AndersonPhilip Warren AndersonPhilip Warren Anderson is an American physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson has made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity.- Biography :...
, Yoichiro NambuYoichiro Nambuis a Japanese-born American physicist, currently a professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded a one-half share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in...
, Edward TellerEdward TellerEdward Teller was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb," even though he did not care for the title. Teller made numerous contributions to nuclear and molecular physics, spectroscopy , and surface physics...
, Charles H. Townes - 1983 E. Margaret Burbidge, Maurice GoldhaberMaurice GoldhaberMaurice Goldhaber was an Austrian-born American physicist, who in 1957 established that neutrinos have negative helicity.-Early Life and Childhood:...
, Helmut LandsbergHelmut LandsbergHelmut Erich Landsberg was a noted and influential climatologist. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, February 9, 1906 and died December 6, 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland while attending a meeting of the World Meteorological Organization. Landsberg was an important figure in meteorology and...
, Walter MunkWalter MunkWalter Heinrich Munk is an American physical oceanographer. He is professor of geophysics emeritus and holds the Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.-Early life:Born in 1917 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary,...
, Frederick ReinesFrederick ReinesFrederick Reines was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment, and may be the only scientist in history "so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the...
, Bruno B. Rossi, J. Robert Schrieffer - 1986 Solomon Buchsbaum, Horace Crane, Herman FeshbachHerman FeshbachHerman Feshbach was an American physicist. He was an Institute Professor Emeritus of physics at MIT. Feshbach is best known for Feshbach resonance and for writing, with Philip M...
, Robert HofstadterRobert HofstadterRobert Hofstadter was an American physicist. He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons."-Biography :Born in New York City, he entered City...
, Chen Ning Yang - 1987 Philip AbelsonPhilip AbelsonPhilip Hauge Abelson was an American physicist, a scientific editor, and a science writer.-Life:Abelson was born in 1913 in Tacoma, Washington. He attended Washington State University where he received degrees in chemistry and physics, and the University of California, Berkeley , where he earned...
, Walter Elsasser, Paul C. Lauterbur, George PakeGeorge PakeGeorge Pake was a physicist and research executive primarily known for helping found Xerox PARC. Pake earned his bachelors and masters degrees from the Carnegie Institute of Technology and his doctorate in physics at Harvard University in 1948.A rather serious case of scoliosis kept Pake out of...
, James A. Van Allen - 1988 D. Allan BromleyD. Allan BromleyDavid Allan Bromley was a Canadian–American physicist, academic administrator and Science Advisor to American president George H. W. Bush. At the time of his death, he had over 500 publications.-Life:...
, Paul (Ching-Wu) ChuChu Ching-wuPaul Chu is an Chinese-American physicist specializing in superconductivity, magnetism, and dielectrics. He is a Professor of physics and T.L.L. Temple Chair of Science in the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Houston...
, Walter KohnWalter KohnWalter Kohn is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist.He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials...
, Norman F. Ramsey, Jack SteinbergerJack SteinbergerJack Steinberger is a German-American physicist currently residing near Geneva, Switzerland. He co-discovered the muon neutrino, along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, for which they were given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.-Life:... - 1989 Arnold O. Beckman, Eugene ParkerEugene ParkerEugene N. Parker is an American solar astrophysicist who received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1948 and Ph.D. from Caltech in 1951. In the mid 1950s Parker developed the theory on the supersonic solar wind and predicted the Parker spiral shape of the solar magnetic...
, Robert Sharp, Henry StommelHenry StommelHenry Melson Stommel was a major contributor to the field of physical oceanography. Beginning in the 1940s, he advanced theories about global ocean circulation patterns and the behavior of the Gulf Stream that form the basis of physical oceanography today... - 1990 Allan M. Cormack, Edwin M. McMillan, Robert PoundRobert PoundRobert Vivian Pound was an American physicist who helped discover nuclear magnetic resonance and who devised the famous Pound-Rebka experiment supporting general relativity .Pound was born in Ridgeway, Ontario....
, Roger RevelleRoger RevelleRoger Randall Dougan Revelle was a scientist and scholar who was instrumental in the formative years of the University of California, San Diego and was one of the first scientists to study global warming and the movement of Earth's tectonic plates... - 1991 Arthur L. Schawlow, Ed Stone, Steven WeinbergSteven WeinbergSteven Weinberg is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles....
- 1992 Eugene M. Shoemaker
- 1993 Val Fitch, Vera RubinVera RubinVera Rubin is an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates. She is famous for uncovering the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves...
- 1994 Albert OverhauserAlbert OverhauserAlbert W. Overhauser is an American physicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his theory of dynamic nuclear polarization, also known as the Overhauser Effect....
, Frank PressFrank PressFrank Press is an American geophysicist.Born in Brooklyn, New York, Press was science advisor to President Jimmy Carter from1976 to 1980,and president of the U.S. NationalAcademy of Sciences from 1981 to 1993... - 1995 Hans Dehmelt, Peter GoldreichPeter GoldreichPeter Goldreich is an American astrophysicist whose research focuses on celestial mechanics, planetary rings, helioseismology and neutron stars. He is currently the Lee DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Physics at California Institute of Technology. Since 2005 he has also been a...
- 1996 Wallace S. BroeckerWallace S. BroeckerWallace Smith Broecker is the Newberry Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University and a scientist at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory...
- 1997 Marshall RosenbluthMarshall RosenbluthMarshall Nicholas Rosenbluth was an American plasma physicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1997 he was awarded the National Medal of Science for discoveries in controlled thermonuclear fusion, contributions to plasma physics and work in computational statistical mechanics. ...
, Martin SchwarzschildMartin SchwarzschildMartin Schwarzschild was a German American astronomer. He was the son of famed astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild and the nephew of the Swiss astrophysicist Robert Emden.-Biography:...
, George WetherillGeorge WetherillGeorge Wetherill was the Director Emeritus, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC, USA.... - 1998 Don L. AndersonDon L. AndersonDon Lynn Anderson is an American geophysicist who has made important contributions to the determination of the large-scale structure of the Earth's interior, especially using seismological methods. He is Eleanor and John R. McMillan Professor emeritus of geophysics at the California Institute of...
, John N. BahcallJohn N. BahcallJohn Norris Bahcall was an American astrophysicist, best known for his contributions to the solar neutrino problem, the development of the Hubble Space Telescope and for his leadership and development of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.-Early and family life:Bahcall was born in... - 1999 James CroninJames CroninJames Watson Cronin is an American nuclear physicist.Cronin was born in Chicago, Illinois and attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Cronin and co-researcher Val Logsdon Fitch were awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics for a 1964 experiment that proved that certain subatomic...
, Leo KadanoffLeo KadanoffLeo Philip Kadanoff is an American physicist. He is a professor of physics at the University of Chicago and a former President of the American Physical Society . He has contributed to the fields of statistical physics, chaos theory, and theoretical condensed matter physics.-Biography:Kadanoff... - 2000 Willis E. Lamb, Jeremiah P. OstrikerJeremiah P. OstrikerJeremiah Paul Ostriker is an astrophysicist at Princeton University. He received his B.A. from Harvard, his Ph.D at the University of Chicago, and then carried out post-doctoral work at the University of Cambridge. From 1971 to 1995, Ostriker was a professor at Princeton, and served as Provost...
, Gilbert F. WhiteGilbert F. WhiteGilbert Fowler White was a prominent American geographer, sometimes termed the "father of floodplain management" and the "leading environmental geographer of the 20th century"... - 2001 Marvin L. CohenMarvin L. CohenMarvin L. Cohen is a Canadian-born American physicist. He is a professor of condensed matter physics and materials science at the University of California, Berkeley. Nobel laureate Robert B. Laughlin studied under John D. Joannopoulos, a student of Cohen's.Cohen received his PhD from the...
, Raymond Davis Jr.Raymond Davis Jr.Raymond Davis, Jr. was an American chemist, physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate.-Early life and education:...
, Charles Keeling - 2002 Richard GarwinRichard GarwinRichard Lawrence Garwin , is an American physicist. He received his bachelor's degree from the Case Institute of Technology in 1947 and obtained his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1949, where he worked in the lab of Enrico Fermi.Garwin is IBM Fellow Emeritus at the Thomas J...
, W. Jason MorganW. Jason MorganWilliam Jason Morgan is an American geophysicist who has made seminal contributions to the theory of plate tectonics and geodynamics...
, Edward WittenEdward WittenEdward Witten is an American theoretical physicist with a focus on mathematical physics who is currently a professor of Mathematical Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study.... - 2003 G. Brent Dalrymple, Riccardo GiacconiRiccardo GiacconiRiccardo Giacconi is an Italian/American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who laid the foundations of X-ray astronomy. He is currently a professor at the Johns Hopkins University.- Biography :...
- 2004 Robert N. Clayton
- 2005 Ralph A. Alpher, Lonnie ThompsonLonnie ThompsonLonnie Thompson , is an American paleoclimatologist and Distinguished University Professor in the School of Earth Sciences at The Ohio State University. He has achieved global recognition for his drilling and analysis of ice cores from mountain glaciers and ice caps in the tropical and sub-tropical...
- 2006 Daniel KleppnerDaniel KleppnerDaniel Kleppner, born 1932, is the Lester Wolfe Professor Emeritus of Physics at MIT and co-director of the . He is the winner of the 2005 Wolf Prize in Physics , and the 2007 . Prof. Kleppner has also been awarded the National Medal of Science . Together with Robert J. Kolenkow, he authored a...
- 2007 Fay Ajzenberg-SeloveFay Ajzenberg-SeloveFay Ajzenberg-Selove is a German-American physicist. She was a recipient of the 2007 National Medal of Science.-Early life:...
, Charles P. SlichterCharles Pence SlichterCharles Pence Slichter is an American physicist, best known for his work on nuclear magnetic resonance and superconductivity.... - 2008 Berni AlderBerni AlderBerni Julian Alder is an American physicist specialized in statistical mechanics, and a pioneer of numerical simulation in physics.- Career :Alder was born as a Swiss citizen in Germany...
, James E. GunnJames E. GunnJames Edward Gunn is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Astronomy at Princeton University. Gunn's early theoretical work in astronomy has helped establish the current understanding of how galaxies form, and the properties of the space between galaxies... - 2009 Yakir AharonovYakir AharonovYakir Aharonov is an Israeli physicist specializing in quantum physics. He is a Professor of Theoretical Physics and the James J. Farley Professor of Natural Philosophy at Chapman University in California. He is also a distinguished professor in Perimeter Institute.He also serves as a professor...
, Esther M. ConwellEsther M. ConwellEsther Marley Conwell is a physicist who studied properties of semiconductors and organic conductors, especially transport.-Biography:...
, Warren M. WashingtonWarren M. WashingtonWarren M. Washington is an American atmospheric scientist, a former chair of the National Science Board, and currently senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado.- Biography :...