This article presents the
demographic history of Montenegro through
censusA "census" is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.In other words every 10 years...next one would be in 2010 The term is used mostly in connection with...
results and official documents which mention demographic composition. See
Demographics of MontenegroThis article is about the demographic features of the population of Montenegro, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
for a more detailed overview of the current demographics of Montegro.
Medieval
Montenegro was settled by Serbs in the 7th century.
Duklja, today's Montenegro, under Stefan Vojislav, was inhabited by Serbs.
Various documents listed that the population of Medieval
DocleaDoclea can refer to:* Duklja , ancient Illyrian and Roman city* Duklja, medieval Slavic principality...
i. e.
Zeta-Science:* Zeta functions, in mathematics** Riemann zeta function* Zeta potential, the electrokinetic potential of a colloidal system* Tropical Storm Zeta , formed in December 2005 and lasting through January 2006* Z-pinch, in fusion power...
were not only
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
, but also minor populations of
Latins"Latins" can refer to several groups of people. Its meaning has changed throughout time, and can still refer to different things even today.-Antiquity:...
,
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
and
VlachsVlachs or Walachians is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe...
. The language in usage was primarily the Serbian dialect
Old SlavonicOld Slavonic may refer to:*Old Church Slavonic language*Common Slavonic language...
, while in the early stages
LatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe...
also had importance and
GreekGreek , an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, is the language of the Greeks. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. In its ancient form, it is the language of classical...
to an extent among the high-class members of the society.
Between the 15th and 17th century, Montenegro had a little history on paper, however it is said that the montenegrin population never exceeded 10 000. During these years, hundreds of Bosnian Serbs and Rascian Serbs sought refugee in the heights of Montenegro, together with Vlachs from the East and
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
from Southern Balkans. The majority of Montenegrin medieval documents state that the
Montenegrins were ethnic SerbsSerbs compose the second largest nation in Montenegro after the Montenegrins. The Serbs have lived in the region of Montenegro since the 7th century, they composed a large majority of Montenegrin citizens until the rise of a separate Montenegrin national affiliation after World War II...
.
1756
In a letter to Justinian Bert,
Montenegrin chieftainsThe following is an overview of the Serbian clans in Montenegro, a general term referring to what are known as plemena and bratstva in Serbian...
said: "We are of the Orthodox Christian faith and law of the Eastern Church, of the honorable and glorious
Slav-Serb kinSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
.
1757
Jovan Stefanov Balevic of the Bratonozic clan, who later became a major in the Russian army wrote "A brief and objective description of the present state of Montenegro" in St. Petersburg in 1757, where it says:
- All inhabitants of Montenegro are ethnically Slav-Serbs and confessionally Serb Orthodox. As they are incompetent in some skills it is because of their lack of school, but they are naturally capable, especially with weapons.
- The number of Montenegrin warriors who live free on the peaks of Montenegro, called by Turks
The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
disobedient, does not get over 5000.
- Montenegrins count among themselves neighbouring Slav-Serbs of different provenience: Kuci, Bratonozici, Donji and Gornji Vasojevici, Piperi, Rovcani, Moracani, Bjelopavlici, who are Serb Orthodox but Ottoman
The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
citizens. They, also, count Roman Catholics: Hoti, Klimenti, Grudi, Tuzi, Skrivali, Huzi, Maltezi, Kastrati and others who outnumber Montenegrins.
1789
In June 1789,
Montenegrin ChieftainsThe following is an overview of the Serbian clans in Montenegro, a general term referring to what are known as plemena and bratstva in Serbian...
, wrote to
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n Empress Katarina II, in the name of the entire Serb Montenegrin community: "We Serbs Montenegrins hope that we shall not be left without help" and "If we could have organization and munition, we would liberate our glorious Serb lands entirely from the Barbarian yoke (
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
), together with our armed Serb brothers who aim to attack this enemy from all sides.
1826
According to letters to Russia by Bishop Petar I Petrović Njegoš from March 5th, 1826, the people of Montenegro are Serb of Orthodox Christian faith.
1855
According to "paragraph 92" in the code of Prince Danilo, established 1855:
"Although there is no other nationality in this land except Serb nationality and no other religion except Eastern Orthodoxy..."
about Serbdom:
"...of our homogenous Serb nation. the Montenegrin prince has, in his heart, carved sense of love and devotion not only towards his people, but towards entire Serbdom and everything named and called - Serb."
1882
Schwartz*Abe Schwartz , musician*Alan Schwartz , businessperson*Allyson Schwartz *Alvin Schwartz, multiple people*Andrea Schwartz , Canadian swimmer*Annetta Schwartz, Romanian musician*Arthur Schwartz...
estimated in 1882 that the Princedom of Montenegro had 160,000 inhabitants. Although, a more usual estimate is that it was around 230,000 inhabitants.
1895
The inhabitants of Montenegro was said to be "pure Serbs", who speak Serbian language and followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church. There is a Catholic and Muhammedan minority.
1900
In 1900, according to international sources, the Principality of Montenegro had 311,564 inhabitants. By religion:
- 293,527 Serbian Orthodox (94,21%)
- 12,493 Muslims (4,01%)
- 5,544 Roman Catholic (1,78%)
By literacy:
- *
77% illiterate
- * 71,528 (
23%) literate
The Princedom had around 5,000
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
and a colony of 800
RomasThe Romani are an ethnic group of Europe tracing their origins to medieval India....
.
1909
The 1909 official census was undertaken by the authorities of the Principality of
MontenegroMontenegro , is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the south...
. Ethnicity was decided according to the mother tongue and
religionA religion is a system of human thought which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity or deities, or ultimate truth...
, the
official languageAn official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration. However, official status can also be used to give a...
being the
Serbian languageSerbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
:
Total: 317,856 inhabitants. By language:
- Serbs
Serbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: ~95%
- others mostly Albanians
Albanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
By religion:
- Orthodox Christians
The Orthodox Church, also officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to in English speaking countries as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the world's second largest Christian communion, estimated to number 225 million members...
: 94.38%
- others (mostly Muslims)
Conclusion:
- Serbs (Orthodox Christians): ~95%
- Others (Muslims; Albanians): ~5%
1911
The official statistics of the Princedom of Montenegro estimated that there were 220,000 people in the realm in 1911.
In a geographic textbook for Montenegrin 3rd graders of elementary school, it was written that:
"In Montenegro live only true and pure Serbs who speak
Serbian languageSerbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
... Besides Montenegro there are more Serb lands in which our Serb brothers are living... Some of them are free as we are and some subjugated to foreigners."
and
"Each Serb in Montenegro is obligated to love his entire Fatherland, all Serb lands - in which our free and unfree Serb brothers are living."
1914
The Cetinje government stated in the Code of Law in 1914 that there are around 500,000 citizens of Montenegro. It was declared that the term
Montenegrin people can only refer to all citizens of the Kingdom of Montenegro, since a Montenegrin ethnicity doesn't exist and
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
are ethnic
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
.
1921
In 1918 Montenegro entered the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1921 it organised a census which recorded the mother tongue and religion. A category called
Serbian or Croatian was to include all respondents who termed their mother tongue as Serbian. In the counties
AndrijevicaAndrijevica is a town in north-eastern Montenegro. It has a population of 1,073...
,
BarBar is a coastal town in Montenegro. It has a population of 13,719...
,
KolasinKolašin , is a town in northern Montenegro. It has a population of 2,989 .Kolašin is the centre of Kolašin municipality and unofficial centre of Morača region, named after Morača River.-History:...
,
NiksicNikšić is a city in Montenegro . In 2003 the city had a total population of 58,212.Nikšić is located in Nikšić plain, at the foot of Mount Trebjesa. It is the center of Nikšić municipality , which is the largest municipality in Montenegro by area...
,
PodgoricaPodgorica, sometimes transliterated Podgoritsa , is the capital and largest city of Montenegro. It is at , above sea level.A census in 2003 put the city's population at 136,473...
and
CetinjeCetinje is a town in Montenegro, located at . It is also a historical and the secondary capital of Montenegro , with the official residence of the President of Montenegro...
, which are categorized in official statistics as Montenegro, there were:
Total: 199,227 inhabitants
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 181,989 (
91.35%)
AlbanianAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 16,838 (
8.45%)
The counties
BeraneBerane is a town in north-eastern Montenegro. It has a population of 11,776 .Berane is the centre of the municipality of the same name and one of the centres of Polimlje area, named after the Lim River, on which Berane is situated.-History:During the medieval period the Montenegrin land of Berane...
and
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje is a town in northern Montenegro. It has a population of 15,883 .Bijelo Polje is the center of the municipality of the same name , which is part of geographical region of Sandžak. It is unofficial center of north-eastern region of Montenegro...
, which are today in Montenegro, were considered counties of
Old SerbiaOld Serbia is a modern name for the territory which was the core of medieval Serbia. At first, it included Raška , and was later expanded to Kosovo,around the south of today's Serbia and northwest of today's Republic of Macedonia....
:
BeraneBerane is a town in north-eastern Montenegro. It has a population of 11,776 .Berane is the centre of the municipality of the same name and one of the centres of Polimlje area, named after the Lim River, on which Berane is situated.-History:During the medieval period the Montenegrin land of Berane...
, total 23,864 inhabitants,
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
23,561 or (
98.73%)
Bijelo PoljeBijelo Polje is a town in northern Montenegro. It has a population of 15,883 .Bijelo Polje is the center of the municipality of the same name , which is part of geographical region of Sandžak. It is unofficial center of north-eastern region of Montenegro...
, total 26,147 inhabitants,
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
26,136 (
99.96%)
Summed results:
Total: 249,238 inhabitants
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 231,686 (
92.96%)
others mostly
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
Total population for the area of modern-day Montenegro in precise was 311,341.
1931
The 1931 census was also taken by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia but was later processed in Communist Yugoslavia. Results within today's borders of Montenegro were:
Total: 360,044 inhabitants
:Serbian Orthodox: 272,702 (
80.88%)
:Roman Catholics: 26,070 (
7.24%)
:
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
s 61,038 (
16.96%)
:Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian and Macedonian language: 339,955 (
90.13%)
:
Albanian languageAlbanian is a unique Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, Montenegro, and southern Serbia. Albanian is also spoken by native enclaves...
: 18,098 (
5.03%)
1948
In 1945, after the
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Communist Yugoslavia was formed, and Montenegro was proclaimed as one of its constituent republics. The 1948 and following censa were taken by the Republic of Montenegro.
Total: 377,189 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 342,009 (
90.67%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 19,425 or (
5.15%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 6,808 or (
1.8%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 6,707 or (
1.78%)
:Undecided Muslims: 387 (
0.1%)
:Others: 1860 or (
0.52%)
::Slovenes: 484
::
GermansThe German people are an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent, and speaking the German language as a mother tongue. Within Germany, Germans are defined by citizenship , distinguished from people of German ancestry...
: 375
::
RussiansThe Russian people are an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
: 277
::Italians: 162
::
RomaThe Romani are an ethnic group of Europe tracing their origins to medieval India....
: 162
::Macedonians: 133
::Czechs: 93
::Hungarians: 62
The people who had in the former census declared themselves as having Serbian mother tongue now declared themselves Montenegrins, after Tito, the Yugoslav president, severed the Montenegrins from the Serbian ethnic group.
1953
The 1953 census results:
Total: 419,873 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 363,686 (
86.61%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 23,460 (
5.58%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 13,864 (
3.3%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 9,814 (
2.33%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
: 6,424 (
1.52%)
:Others: 2,625 (
0.66%)
This census witnesses the forming of the
YugoslavYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
nation.
1961
The 1961 census results:
Total: 471,894 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 383,988 (
81.37%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 30,665 (
6.5%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 25,803 (
5.47%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 14,087 (
2.99%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 10,664 (
2.26%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
: 1,559 (
0.33%)
In 1968 the Communist Yugoslav government introduced a new category,
Muslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
.
1971
The 1971 census results:
Total 529,604 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 355,632 (
67.15%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 70,236 (
13.26%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 39,512 or (
7.46%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 35,671 (
6.74%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
: 10,943 (
2.07%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 9,192 (
1.74%)
1981
The 1981 census results:
Total: 584,310 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 400,488 (
68.54%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 78,080 (
13.36%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 37,735 (
6.46%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
: 31,243 (
5.35%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 19,407 (
3.32%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 6,904 (
1.81%)
:
RomaThe Romani are an ethnic group of Europe tracing their origins to medieval India....
: 1,471 (
0.25%)
:Macedonian: 875 (
0.15%)
:Slovenes: 564 (
0.1%)
:Hungarians: 238 (
0.04%)
:
GermansThe German people are an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent, and speaking the German language as a mother tongue. Within Germany, Germans are defined by citizenship , distinguished from people of German ancestry...
: 107 (
0.02%)
:
RussiansThe Russian people are an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
: 96 (
0.02%)
:Italians: 45 (
0.01%)
:Other: 816 (
0.14%)
:No response: 301 (
0.05%)
:Regional affiliation: 1,602 (
0.27%)
:Unknown: 4,338 (
0.74%)
1991
The 1991 census results:
Total: 615,035 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 380,467 (
61.86%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 89,614 (
14.57%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 57,453 (
9.34%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 40,415 (
6.57%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
: 26,159 (
4.25%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 6,244 (
1.02%)
:
RomaThe Romani are an ethnic group of Europe tracing their origins to medieval India....
: 3,282 (
0.53%)
:Macedonian: 1,072 (
0.17%)
:Slovenes: 369 (
0.06%)
:Hungarians: 205 (
0.03%)
:
GermansThe German people are an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent, and speaking the German language as a mother tongue. Within Germany, Germans are defined by citizenship , distinguished from people of German ancestry...
: 124 (
0.02%)
:
RussiansThe Russian people are an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
: 118 (
0.02%)
:Italians: 58 (
0.01%)
:Other: 437 (
0.07%)
:No response: 1,944 (
0.32%)
:Regional affiliation: 998 (
0.16%)
:Unknown: 6,076 (
0.99%)
Language
- Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian, Croato-Serbian, or Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language or diasystem...
: 510,320
- Albanian
Albanian is a unique Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, Montenegro, and southern Serbia. Albanian is also spoken by native enclaves...
: 43,907
- 40,008 Muslims declared their language to be a variant of the Serbian language
Serbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
, while the majority declared either BosniakBosnian is a South Slavic language spoken primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region of Sandžak in Serbia and Montenegro, although it is also spoken in various places throughout the world, as many speakers were forced to become refugees during the Bosnian war...
and Bosnian languageBosnian is a South Slavic language spoken primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region of Sandžak in Serbia and Montenegro, although it is also spoken in various places throughout the world, as many speakers were forced to become refugees during the Bosnian war...
s as their mother tongue.
Religion
- Eastern Orthodox
The Orthodox Church, also officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to in English speaking countries as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the world's second largest Christian communion, estimated to number 225 million members...
- 425,133
- Montenegrins
Montenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
- 355,395
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
- 11,243
- Muslims
Islam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
- 118,016
- Albanians
Albanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
- 26,216
- Montenegrins
Montenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
- 2,492
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
- 1,856
- Catholic - 27,153
- Albanians
Albanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
- 12,772
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
- 4,149
- Montenegrins
Montenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
- 3,081
2003
The 2003 census was undertaken by authorities in
MontenegroMontenegro , is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the south...
, which at this time, together with
SerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country located in both Central and Southeastern Europe. Its territory covers the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and central part of the Balkans...
, constituted
Serbia and MontenegroThe State Union of Serbia and Montenegro , was a union of Serbia and Montenegro, which existed between 2003 and 2006. The two republics, both of which are former republics of the SFR Yugoslavia, initially formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992...
.
Initial data:
Total: 672,656 inhabitants
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
: 273,366 or (
40.64%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
: 201,892 or (
30.01%)
:
BosniaksThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in the Sandžak, Croatia, and the Republic of Macedonia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their tie to the Bosnian historical region,...
: 63,272 (
9.41%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
: 47,682 (
7.09%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 28,714 (
4.27%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
: 7,062 (
1.05%)
Corrected data:
Total: 620,145
:
MontenegrinsMontenegrins are a South Slavic people, associated to Montenegro. The term denotes both the nation and the ethnic group with a slightly different meaning, as well as being a regional designation....
267,669 (
43.16%)
:
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
198,414 (
31.99%)
:
BosniaksThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in the Sandžak, Croatia, and the Republic of Macedonia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their tie to the Bosnian historical region,...
48,184 (
7.77%)
:
AlbaniansAlbanians are a people from southeast Europe who live in Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. About half of them live in Albania, with other large groups residing in Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro...
31,163 (
5.03%)
:
MuslimsMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
24,625 (
3.97%)
:
CroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
6,811 (
1.1%)
:
RomaThe Romani are an ethnic group of Europe tracing their origins to medieval India....
2,601 (
0.42%)
:
YugoslavsYugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
- 1,860 (
0.3%)
:Macedonians - 819 (
0.13%)
:Slovenes - 415 (0.07%
)
:Hungarians - 362 (0.06%
)
:RussiansThe Russian people are an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
- 240 (0.04%
)
:Egyptians - 225 (0.04%
)
:Italians - 127 (0.02%
)
:GermansThe German people are an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent, and speaking the German language as a mother tongue. Within Germany, Germans are defined by citizenship , distinguished from people of German ancestry...
- 118 (0.02%
)
:Others (i.e. GreeksThe Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in diaspora communities around the world....
, TurksThe Turkish people , also known as the "Turks" are defined mainly as citizens of the Republic of Turkey. An early historic text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey; whatever his/her faith or racial/ethnic background; who speaks Turkish, grows up...
, RomaniansThe Romanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian ; they are the majority inhabitants of România.In one prominent interpretation of the census results in Moldova, Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would...
, BulgariansThe Bulgarians are a South Slavic people, generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. Emigration has resulted in Bulgarian minorities or immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-Ethnogenesis:...
)- 2,180 (0.35%
)
:No response - 26,906 (4.34%
)
:Regional affiliation - 1,258 (0.2%
)
:Unknown - 6,168 (0.99%)
This census witnessed the forming of the
BosniakThe Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in the Sandžak, Croatia, and the Republic of Macedonia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their tie to the Bosnian historical region,...
nation; quite a few people still thought of themselves
Muslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, however. Also, there are very few people left who consider themselves Yugoslavs. But the biggest difference with 1991 census is the re-awakening of the Serbian nation, which suffered great during the Socialist Yugoslavia.
Sources