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Cotentin Peninsula
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The Cotentin Peninsula, also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy, forming part of the north-western coast of France. It juts out north-westwards into the English Channel, towards Great Britain and its northern coastline was the site of the famed WW-II invasion of Hitler's Fortress Europa by the Allies on D-Day, 6 June 1944, while its river and canal crossed agricultural terrain suffered the next months fighting as the allies sought to break out of their lodgement.
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Encyclopedia
The Cotentin Peninsula, also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy, forming part of the north-western coast of France. It juts out north-westwards into the English Channel, towards Great Britain and its northern coastline was the site of the famed WW-II invasion of Hitler's Fortress Europa by the Allies on D-Day, 6 June 1944, while its river and canal crossed agricultural terrain suffered the next months fighting as the allies sought to break out of their lodgement. To its west lie the Channel Islands and the Brittany Peninsula.
The peninsula lies wholly within the département of Manche, in the région of Basse-Normandie.
Geography
It is part of the Armorican Massif and lies between the estuary of the Vire River and Mont Saint Michel Bay. It is divided into three areas: the headland of La Hague, the Cotentin Pass, and the valley of the Saire River (Val-de-Saire).
It forms the bulk of the Manche département.
The largest town in the peninsula is Cherbourg on the north coast, a major cross-channel port.
Other towns of note: Coutances, Barfleur, Saint-Lô, Bricquebec, Granville, Barneville-Carteret, Carentan, Avranches.
The western coast of the peninsula, known as la Côte des Îles (the coast of the islands) faces the Channel Islands and ferry links serve Carteret, Granville and the islands (including Chausey).
Off the east coast of the peninsula lie the island of Tatihou and the Îles Saint-Marcouf.
History
The town known today as Coutances, capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, acquired the name of Constantia in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus. The whole peninsula, called in Latin the pagus Constantinus subsequently became known as the Cotentin.
Until the construction of modern roads, the peninsula was almost inaccessible in winter due to the band of marshland cutting off the higher ground of the promontory itself. this explains occasional historical references to the Cotentin as an island.
The town of Valognes was, until the French Revolution, a provincial social resort for the aristocracy, nicknamed the Versailles of Normandy. Little remains of the grand houses and châteaux as a result of the destruction of the Battle of Normandy. The social scene was described in the novels of Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly (himself from the Cotentin).
The Battle of La Hougue took place in 1692 at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue near Barfleur.
A significant portion of World War II, through the summer of 1944, was fought in the area.
Economy
The main economical resource is agriculture. Dairy farming is an a prominent activity. Along the west coast, renowned vegetables are grown (carrots of Créances).
The region is also famous for its shellfish culture, like the oysters from Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and Pirou, and the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages like cider and calvados, made from local grown apples and pears.
Nuclear activity is prominent in this remote region of France. At Flamanville there is a nuclear power plant, which in the coming years will see its capacity considerably enlarged by the addition of an extra reactor. Just a few miles to the north of this nuclear site, at Beaumont-Hague, the sprawling, infamous COGEMA La Hague site is located, a treatment plant for nuclear waste. The roads used for transport of nuclear waste to this heavily guarded site have been blocked many times in the past by environmental actiongroup Greenpeace.
Local environment groups have voiced concerns about the radioactivity levels of the cooling water of both these nuclear sites, which is being flushed into the bay of Vauville. The nuclear sites employ a lot of people from the region.
Tourism is also an important economic activity in this region. Many tourists visit the D-Day invasion beaches, the paratrooper linked town of Sainte-Mère-Église, the American war cemetery at Colleville-sur-Mer and the German war cemetery at La Cambe.
Culture
After quitting political life, the political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville retreated to the family estate of Tocqueville where he wrote much of his work.
Due to its comparative isolation, the peninsula is one of the remaining strongholds of the Norman language, and the local dialect is known as Cotentinais. The Norman language poet Côtis-Capel described the environment of the peninsula, while French language poet Jacques Prévert made his home at Omonville-la-Petite. The painter Jean-François Millet was born in the peninsula.
The Norman language writer Alfred Rossel, native of Cherbourg, composed many songs which form part of the heritage of the region. Rossel's song Sus la mé ("on the sea") is often sung as a regional patriotic song.
Footnotes
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