All Topics  
Carbon disulfide

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Carbon disulfide
 
 
  Topics Carbon disulfide Topic Home

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile
Volatile

Volatile means changing or changeable. It can refer to:In general:* Volatility, a measure of instabilityIn economics:* Volatility , a measure of the risk in a financial instrument...
 liquid
Liquid

Liquid is one of the principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material....
 with the formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
 as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent
Solvent

A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.The most common solvent in everyday life is water....
. It has an "ether
Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic odor....
-like" odor, but commercial samples are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities, such as carbonyl sulfide
Carbonyl sulfide

Carbonyl sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula OCS. Commonly written as COS, it is a colourless gas with an unpleasant odor....
.

l amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic
Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
 eruptions and marsh
Marsh

In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood . Typically the water is shallow and features Poaceaees, Juncaceaees, Phragmites, typhas, Cyperaless, and other herbaceous plants....
es.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Carbon disulfide'
Start a new discussion about 'Carbon disulfide'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile
Volatile

Volatile means changing or changeable. It can refer to:In general:* Volatility, a measure of instabilityIn economics:* Volatility , a measure of the risk in a financial instrument...
 liquid
Liquid

Liquid is one of the principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material....
 with the formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
 as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent
Solvent

A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.The most common solvent in everyday life is water....
. It has an "ether
Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic odor....
-like" odor, but commercial samples are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities, such as carbonyl sulfide
Carbonyl sulfide

Carbonyl sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula OCS. Commonly written as COS, it is a colourless gas with an unpleasant odor....
.

Occurrence and manufacture

Small amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic
Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
 eruptions and marsh
Marsh

In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood . Typically the water is shallow and features Poaceaees, Juncaceaees, Phragmites, typhas, Cyperaless, and other herbaceous plants....
es. CS2 once was manufactured by combining carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 (or coke
Coke (fuel)

Cokes are the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous....
) and sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
 at high temperatures. A lower temperature reaction, requiring only 600 °C utilizes natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
 as the carbon source in the presence of silica gel
Silica gel

Silica gel is a granularity, vitreous, highly porosity form of silica made synthetically from sodium silicate. Despite its name, silica gel is a solid....
 or alumina catalysts:
CH4 + ½S8 ? CS2 + 2H2S
The reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane. Although it is isoelectronic to carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
, CS2 is highly flammable:
CS2 + 3O2 ? CO2 + 2SO2
Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide....


Reactions

Compared to CO2, CS2 is more reactive toward nucleophile
Nucleophile

In chemistry, a nucleophile is a reagent that forms a chemical bond to its reaction partner by donating both bonding electrons. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases ....
s and more easily reduced. These differences in reactivity can be attributed to the weaker p donor-ability of the sulfido centers, which renders the carbon more electrophilic. It is widely used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds such as metham sodium
Metham sodium

Metham sodium is a soil fumigant used as a pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide. It is one of the most widely used pesticides in the United States, with approximately 60 million pounds used in 2001....
, a soil fumigant and is commonly used in the production of the soft fabric viscose
Viscose

Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material, used in mostly tops, coats and jackets....
.

Addition of nucleophiles

Nucleophiles such as amines afford dithiocarbamate
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is the chemical compound with the formula NaS2CN2. This salt is obtained by treating carbon disulfide with diethylamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide....
s:
2R2NH + CS2 ? [R2NH2+][R2NCS2-]


Xanthate
Xanthate

Xanthates are the salts and esters of a xanthic acid, ROCSH or O-esters of dithiocarbonic acid where R is any organic residue....
s form similarly from alkoxide
Alkoxide

An alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom. They can be written as RO–, where R is the organic substituent....
s:
RONa + CS2 ? [Na+][ROCS2-]


This reaction is the basis of the manufacture of regenerated cellulose
Cellulose

File:Cellulose Sessel.svgCellulose is an organic compound with the chemical formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand ? linked D-glucose units....
, the main ingredient of viscose
Viscose

Viscose is a viscous organic liquid used to make rayon and cellophane. Viscose is becoming synonymous with rayon, a soft material, used in mostly tops, coats and jackets....
, rayon
Rayon

Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic fiber ....
 and cellophane
Cellophane

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils and Fats, and bacterium makes it useful for food packaging....
. Both xanthates and the related thioxanthates (derived from treatment of CS2 with sodium thiolates) are used as flotation agents in mineral processing.

Sodium sulfide affords trithiocarbonate:
Na2S + CS2 ? [Na+]2[CS32-]


Reduction

Sodium reduces CS2 to give the heterocycle "dmit2-": 3CS2 + 4Na ? Na2C3S5 + Na2S Direct electrochemical reduction affords the tetrathiooxalate anion: 2CS2 + 2e- ? C2S42-

Chlorination

Chlorination of CS2 is the principal route to carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names is the organic compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It is a reagent in organic synthesis chemistry and was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerations, and a cleaning agent....
:
CS2 + 3Cl2
Chlorine

Chlorine...
  ? CCl4 + S2Cl2
This conversion proceeds via the intermediacy of thiophosgene
Thiophosgene

Thiophosgene is a yellow liquid with the formula CSCl2. This compound has a trigonal planar geometry. It possesses two reactive C?Cl bonds that allow this reagent to be used in diverse procedures related to organic synthesis....
, CSCl2.

Coordination chemistry

CS2 is a ligand for many metal complexes, forming pi complexes. One example is CpCo(?2
Hapticity

The term hapticity is used to describe how a group of contiguous atoms of a ligand are coordination chemistry to a central atom. Hapticity of a ligand is indicated by the Greek language character 'eta', ?....
-CS2)(PMe3).

Commercial Availability

CS2, being highly flammable and having one of the lowest autoignition temperatures, cannot be transported easily using commercial means. Worldwide exports of this chemical are negligible.

Pressurized Liquid Nitrogen Based Sample

Johnson Matthey
Johnson Matthey

Johnson Matthey plc is a United Kingdom chemical company which has its headquarters near Holborn in central London. It is traded on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index....
's sister company Alfa Aesar
Alfa Aesar

Alfa Aesar, headquartered in Ward Hill, Massachusetts, is a supplier of reagents and materials for use in research and development, and analysis....
 was the first company to introduce carbon disulfide in the form of pressurized bottle containing a solution of pressurized nitrogen, coupling agent, stablizer, and carbon disulfide, with an active carbon disulfide content of 85%. Dilution with nitrogen rendered contents nonflammable. In 2007 Alfa Aesar
Alfa Aesar

Alfa Aesar, headquartered in Ward Hill, Massachusetts, is a supplier of reagents and materials for use in research and development, and analysis....
 stopped selling carbon disulfide samples.

Health effects

At very high levels, carbon disulfide may be life-threatening because it affects the nervous system
Nervous system

The nervous system is a Neural network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself. It processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body....
. Significant safety data come from the viscose rayon industry, where both carbon disulfide as well as small amounts of H2S
Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence....
 may be present.

External links