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Xanthates are the salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s and ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
s of a xanthic acid, ROC(=S)SH or O-esters of dithiocarbonic acid where R is any organic residue. The ethyl ester CH3CH2OC(=S)SH is also the parent compound xanthic acid. Many xanthates have a yellow colour, which gives the compound its name derived from xanthous, meaning yellow. IUPAC does not recommend the use of this term.

Xanthates can be produced by the reaction of an alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
 with sodium or potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile liquid with the chemical formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent....
. Mainly worldwide used xanthates are:

SEX: Sodium Ethyl Xanthate
SIPX: Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate
SIBX: Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate
PAX: Potassium Amyl Xanthate

Commercially available xanthates are from technical grade only and usually at a 90-95% purity.






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Xanthates are the salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s and ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
s of a xanthic acid, ROC(=S)SH or O-esters of dithiocarbonic acid where R is any organic residue. The ethyl ester CH3CH2OC(=S)SH is also the parent compound xanthic acid. Many xanthates have a yellow colour, which gives the compound its name derived from xanthous, meaning yellow. IUPAC does not recommend the use of this term.

Xanthates can be produced by the reaction of an alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
 with sodium or potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile liquid with the chemical formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent....
. Mainly worldwide used xanthates are:

SEX: Sodium Ethyl Xanthate
SIPX: Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate
SIBX: Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate
PAX: Potassium Amyl Xanthate

Commercially available xanthates are from technical grade only and usually at a 90-95% purity. The content of inorganic by-products in the final product varies depending on the exposure to air and reaction parameters. Alkali-metal sulfide, sufate, trithiocarbonates, thiosulfate, sulfite or carbonate can be found. In addition, residual raw material such as alcohol and alkali hydroxide can exist. No general specifications for xanthates exist.

They can be obtained as powder, granules, flakes or sticks and are also available in solution. Main worldwide export are done from China under granules form.

Xanthates are used as flotation
Flotation process

Flotation process is a method of separation process widely used in the wastewater treatment and mineral processing industries.Various flotation processes include the following:...
 agents in mineral processing. They are intermediates in the Chugaev elimination
Chugaev elimination

The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of water from primary alcohols to produce terminal alkenes. The intermediate is a xanthate....
. Xanthates are also used to control radical polymerisation
Living polymerization

In polymer chemistry, living polymerization is a form of addition polymerization where the ability of a growing polymer chain to chain termination has been removed ....
 under the RAFT
RAFT (chemistry)

RAFT or Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer is a form of Living polymerization.Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was discovered by the in 1998....
 process, also termed MADIX (macromolecular design via interchange of xanthates).

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