Carbonyl sulfide

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Carbonyl sulfide

Carbonyl sulfide is the chemical compound

Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
with the formula

Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
OCS. Commonly written as COS, it is a colourless gas

Gas

In physics, a gas is a state of matter, consisting of a collection of particles without a definite shape or volume that are in more or less random motion....
with an unpleasant odor

Odor

An odor or odour is a volatilized chemical compound, generally at a very low concentration, that humans or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction....
. It is a linear molecule consisting of a carbonyl

Carbonyl

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bond to an oxygen atom : C=O.The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex ; in this situation, carbon is triple-bonded to oxygen : C=O....
group double bonded to a sulfur atom. Carbonyl sulfide can be considered to be a compound of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
and carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile liquid with the chemical formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent....
, both of which are isoelectronic with it.

This compound is found to catalyze

Catalysis

Catalysis is the process in which the reaction rate of a chemical reaction is either increased or decreased by means of a chemical substance known as a catalyst....
the formation of peptide

Peptide

Peptides are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of a-amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide chemical bond or a peptide bond....
s from amino acid

Amino acid

In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
s. This finding is an extension of the Miller-Urey experiment

Miller-Urey experiment

The Miller?Urey experiment was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested for the occurrence of abiogenesis....
and it is suggested that carbonyl sulfide played a significant role in the origin of life.

onyl sulfide is the major sulfur compound naturally present in the atmosphere at 0.5 (± 0.05) ppb

PPB

PPB can stand for:* Party political broadcast, a type of political programming in the United Kingdom* Parts-per notation, a unit of concentration...
because it is emitted from volcano

Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
s and deep sea vents.

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Occurrence and applications

Carbonyl sulfide is the major sulfur compound naturally present in the atmosphere at 0.5 (± 0.05) ppb

PPB

PPB can stand for:* Party political broadcast, a type of political programming in the United Kingdom* Parts-per notation, a unit of concentration...
because it is emitted from volcano

Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
s and deep sea vents. As such it participates in the global sulfur cycle

Sulfur cycle

Sulfur is one of the constituents of many proteins, vitamins and hormones. It recycles as in other biogeochemical cycles.The essential steps of the sulfur cycle are:...
. It is also present in foodstuffs such as cheese

Cheese

Cheese is a food consisting of proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cattle, Water Buffalo, goats, or sheep's milk. It is produced by Coagulation of the milk protein casein....
and prepared vegetable

Vegetable

The term "vegetable" generally means the Eating parts of plants. The definition of the word is traditional rather than scientific, however, and therefore the usage of the word is somewhat arbitrary and subjective, as it is determined by individual cultural customs of food selection and food preparation....
s of the cabbage

Cabbage

The cabbage is a leafy garden plant of the Family Brassicaceae , used as a Leaf vegetable. It is a herbaceous, biennial plant, dicotyledonous flowering plant distinguished by a short stem upon which is crowded a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties red or purplish, forming a characteristic compact, globular cluster ....
family. Traces of COS are naturally present in grain

GRAIN

GRAIN is an international non-governmental organization based in Barcelona, Spain, which works toward sustainable agriculture. It was formed upon the realization that the genetic diversity of the world's food crops are being drastically eliminated....
s and seed

Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s in the range of 0.05-0.1 mg kg^-1. It is a significant sulfur-containing impurity in synthesis gas.

Measurements on the Antarctica

Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctica of the southern hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean....
ice core

Ice core

An ice core is a core sample from the accumulation of snow and ice over many years that have re-crystallized and have trapped air bubbles from previous time periods....
s provide a detailed picture of OCS concentrations from 1640 to the present day separating anthropogenic

Anthropogenic

Anthropogenic effects, processes or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in natural environments without human influence....
and non-anthropogenic sulfur sources. Carbonyl sulfide is transported into the stratospheric sulfate layer

Stratosphere

The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down....
where it is oxidized to sulfuric acid.

Carbonyl sulfide is a potential fumigant and a replacement for methyl bromide and phosphine

Phosphine

Phosphine is the common name for phosphorus trihydride , also known by the IUPAC name phosphane and, occasionally, phosphamine....
. Carbonyl sulfide has been observed in interstellar medium

List of molecules in interstellar space

This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium, grouped by the number of component atoms. The chemical formula is listed for each detected compound, along with any ionized form that has also been observed....
.

Synthesis

It was first described in 1841, but was apparently mischaracterized as a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogensulfide. Carl von Than

Carl von Than

Carl von Than or K?roly Than was a Kingdom of Hungary chemist. Von Than discovered Carbonyl sulfide in 1867.References*...
first characterized the substance in 1867. It forms when carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless and odorless, tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom covalent bond to one oxygen atom....
reacts with elemental sulfur. This reaction reverses above 1200 K. A laboratory synthesis entails the reaction potassium thiocyanate

Potassium thiocyanate

Potassium thiocyanate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula KSCN. It is an important salt of the thiocyanate anion, one of the pseudohalides....
and sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
. The resulting gas contains significant amounts of byproducts and requires purification.

KSCN + 2 H₂SO₄ + H₂O ? KHSO₄ + NH₄HSO₄ + COS

Carbonyl sulfide

Occurrence and applications

Synthesis

Further reading

External links