Uzhhorod
Encyclopedia
Uzhhorod or Uzhgorod is a city
located in western Ukraine
, at the border with Slovakia
and near the border with Hungary
. It is the administrative center of the Zakarpattia Oblast
(region
), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorodskyi Raion
(district
) within the oblast. The city itself is also designated as its own separate raion within the oblast.
The city gets its name from the Uzh River
, which divides the city into two halves (the old and new sections). Uzh (Уж) means ringed snake (Natrix natrix), and horod (город) is Rusyn for city, coming from Old Slavonic
grad (градъ). However, this name is a recent construct, and has been used only since the beginning of the 20th century. Before then, the city was known as Ungvar, also spelled Ongvar, Hungvar, and Unguyvar.
The city's name is spelled Ужгород in Rusyn, Ukrainian and Russian, transliterated
"Uzhhorod" from Rusyn and Ukrainian, "Uzhgorod" from Russian. Until the end of the 20th century, the city was known in English
as Uzhgorod.
Uzhhorod is located at 48°37′N 22°18′E. Its population in 2004 was 111,300.
. One of their tribes – White Croats
– settled the area of the modern Uzhhorod in the second half of the first millennium AD. During the 9th century a fortified castle changed into a fortified early feudal
town-settlement, which became the centre of a new Slavonic principality, at the head of which was a legendary prince Laborets, who was vassal of Great Moravia
.
In 895 AD Hungarian tribes, headed by their leader Árpád
, stormed the Hungvar fortress. The forces were not equal and Laborets was defeated and beheaded on the banks of the river that still carries his name.
After the arrival of the Hungarians, the small town began to extend its borders. In 1241–1242 the Tatars
of Batu Khan
burnt the settlement. In the early 14th century Uzhhorod showed strong resistance to the new Hungarian rulers of the Anjou
dynasty. From 1318 for 360 years, the Drugeth
s (Italian counts) owned the town. During that period Philip Drugeth built Uzhhorod Castle
. Together with the castle the city began to grow. By 1430, Uzhhorod acquired some privileges from the king and was officially called "The Privileged City of Ungvar" and became capital of Ung County.
During the 16–17th centuries there were many handicraft corporations in Uzhhorod. In this period the city was engaged in the religious fight between primarily Protestant
Transylvania
and Catholic
Austria
. In 1646 the Uzhhorod Union
was proclaimed and the Greek-Catholic church was established in Subcarpathia, in a ceremony held in the Uzhhorod castle by the Vatican
Aegis. In 1707 Uzhhorod was the residence of Ferenc II Rákóczi, the leader of the national-liberation war of the Hungarian people.
The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by economic changes, including the first factories in the city. The greatest influence on Uzhhorod among the political events of the 19th century was made by the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
-1849, during which the native Hungarian nobility sought both get free of the Austrian Empire
and to assert their right to dominate all other peoples of Hungary. March 27, 1848 was officially celebrated in the city as the overthrow of the monarchy in Hungary.
In 1872 the first railway line opened, linking the city to the important railway junction of Chop
.
, 1,151 (6.8%) Germans
, 641 (3.8%) Rusyns
and 1.6% Czechs
. In the same time, the municipal area of the city had a population composed of 10,541 (39.05%) Hungarians, 9,908 (36.71%) Slovaks, and 5,520 (20.45%) Rusyns.
The First World War slowed down the tempo of city development. On September 10, 1919 Subcarpathia
was officially annexed to the Republic of Czechoslovakia
. Uzhhorod became the administrative center of the territory. During these years Uzhhorod developed into an architecturally modern city. After the Munich Treaty, Uzhhorod became part of the Slovak half of the new Czecho-Slovak state.
After the Vienna Award in 1938 Uzhhorod was transferred to Hungary. Until the end of 1944 the fights of the Second World War came close to Uzhhorod. Three days after the Germans occupied Hungary (March 19, 1944), a half dozen trucks loaded with men entered Uzhhorod. At the end of March, the Jewish community was ordered to hand over to the Germans 2 million pengős
(US$400,000 in 1941 values) within forty-eight hours and over the next few days the authorities ordered the Jews to surrender their pianos, radios, and certain kinds of furniture. On March 31, an order was issued requiring the Jews to wear a yellow badge as of April 5. Around the same time, a curfew was imposed on the Jews.
Some eighteen thousand Jews from the surrounding area were taken to the Moskovits brickyard on Minai Street on April 14, the last day of Passover. Five days later, posters were put up in Uzhhorod warning the Jews of the city not to leave their homes. On the following day, April 20, gendarmes and local police entered Jewish homes and pillaged them of their valuables. Between April 21 and 23, the Jews of Uzhhorod were brought to the brick factory; when it could hold no more, they were concentrated in the Gluck lumberyard. The Jewish internees suffered from overcrowding, lack of food, and poor sanitation, and most had no shelter whatsoever. They were guarded by gendarmes, local policemen, and Hungarian soldiers, the last armed with machine guns.
Beginning on May 14, 1944, the Jews of Uzhhorod and its vicinity were deported to Auschwitz in seven transports. The first trainload reached the camp on May 16, and the last left Uzhhorod on June 3.
On October 27, 1944 the city was captured by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front
of the Red Army
.
This period brought significant changes. At the outskirts of Uzhhorod new enterprises were constructed and the old enterprises were renewed. On June 29, 1945 Subcarpathian Ukraine became a part of the Ukrainian SSR
of the Soviet Union
. That year the Uzhhorod State University
(now Uzhhorod National University) was also opened. Since January 1946 Uzhhorod was the center of newly formed Zakarpatska oblast.
Its grand-rabbi was Rabbi Avrohom Yosef Greunwald (d. 1940), author of a volume title Avnei Shoham. His son was Rabbi Maier Greunwald, who in 1930 was called upon to become the rabbi of city of Tetch.
Since 1991 Uzhhorod has become one of 23 regional capitals within Ukraine. Of these, Uzhhorod is the smallest and westernmost.
In 2002, after some controversy, a bust of Tomáš Masaryk
, Czechoslovakia's first president, was unveiled in a main square of the city. A similar bust was unveiled in 1928 on the 10th anniversary of Czechoslovak independence, but was removed by the Hungarians when they took over the region in 1939.
, the population of Uzhhorod included:
Uzhhorod has a railway station which consists of Uzhhorod-1 (Uzhhorod Central Rail Terminal
), Uzhhorod-2, Uzhhorod-3, Domanynci stations.
Uzhhorod has an international airport: Uzhhorod International Airport
. Airport code: UDJ. It is one of the biggest airports in Ukraine. Has one terminal. There are flights to Kiev
and Budapest
.
The public transportation is well developed. There are buses and microbuses on about 50 routes.
with:
Békéscsaba
, Hungary
Nyíregyháza
, Hungary
Moscow
, Russia
Oryol
, Russia
Corvallis
, United States
Darmstadt
, Germany
, since 1992 Košice
, Slovakia
, since 1993 Krosno
, Poland
, since 2008 Jarosław, Poland
, since 2002 Česká Lípa
, Czech Republic
Satu Mare, Romania
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
located in western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, at the border with Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
and near the border with Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. It is the administrative center of the Zakarpattia Oblast
Zakarpattia Oblast
The Zakarpattia Oblast is an administrative oblast located in southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod...
(region
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorodskyi Raion
Uzhhorodskyi Raion
Uzhhorod Raion is one of the raions of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It's administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod, also the center of the surrounding oblast.-Cities:-Towns:-Villages:...
(district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
) within the oblast. The city itself is also designated as its own separate raion within the oblast.
The city gets its name from the Uzh River
Uzh River
The Uzh is a river in Ukraine and Slovakia. Its name comes from the ancient west slavic dialect word už, meaning "Snake", ....
, which divides the city into two halves (the old and new sections). Uzh (Уж) means ringed snake (Natrix natrix), and horod (город) is Rusyn for city, coming from Old Slavonic
Old Slavonic
Old Slavonic may refer to:*Old Church Slavonic language*Common Slavonic language...
grad (градъ). However, this name is a recent construct, and has been used only since the beginning of the 20th century. Before then, the city was known as Ungvar, also spelled Ongvar, Hungvar, and Unguyvar.
The city's name is spelled Ужгород in Rusyn, Ukrainian and Russian, transliterated
Transliteration
Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...
"Uzhhorod" from Rusyn and Ukrainian, "Uzhgorod" from Russian. Until the end of the 20th century, the city was known in English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
as Uzhgorod.
Uzhhorod is located at 48°37′N 22°18′E. Its population in 2004 was 111,300.
Early history
The best known of the first city founders are early SlavsEarly Slavs
The early Slavs were a diverse group of tribal societies in Migration period and early medieval Europe whose tribal organizations indirectly created the foundations for today’s Slavic nations .The first mention of the name Slavs dates to the 6th century, by which time the Slavic tribes inhabited a...
. One of their tribes – White Croats
White Croats
White Croats is the designation for the group of Slavic tribes, of which seven tribes led by 5 brothers and 2 sisters migrated to Dalmatia as part of the migration of the Croats in the 7th century, being invited to settle on this vastly depopulated area by Roman...
– settled the area of the modern Uzhhorod in the second half of the first millennium AD. During the 9th century a fortified castle changed into a fortified early feudal
Feudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
town-settlement, which became the centre of a new Slavonic principality, at the head of which was a legendary prince Laborets, who was vassal of Great Moravia
Great Moravia
Great Moravia was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe and lasted for nearly seventy years in the 9th century whose creators were the ancestors of the Czechs and Slovaks. It was a vassal state of the Germanic Frankish kingdom and paid an annual tribute to it. There is some controversy as...
.
In 895 AD Hungarian tribes, headed by their leader Árpád
Árpád
Árpád was the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians . Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301...
, stormed the Hungvar fortress. The forces were not equal and Laborets was defeated and beheaded on the banks of the river that still carries his name.
After the arrival of the Hungarians, the small town began to extend its borders. In 1241–1242 the Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
of Batu Khan
Batu Khan
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
burnt the settlement. In the early 14th century Uzhhorod showed strong resistance to the new Hungarian rulers of the Anjou
Anjou
Anjou is a former county , duchy and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France. It corresponds largely to the present-day département of Maine-et-Loire...
dynasty. From 1318 for 360 years, the Drugeth
Drugeth
The Drugeth was a noble family of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14-17th centuries whose possessions were situated on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom. The ancestors of the family left Apulia for Hungary during the reign of King Charles I...
s (Italian counts) owned the town. During that period Philip Drugeth built Uzhhorod Castle
Uzhhorod Castle
Uzhhorod Castle is an extensive citadel on a hill in Uzhhorod, Ukraine. It was built in a mixture of architectural styles and materials between the 13th and 18th centuries and figured heavily in the history of Hungary...
. Together with the castle the city began to grow. By 1430, Uzhhorod acquired some privileges from the king and was officially called "The Privileged City of Ungvar" and became capital of Ung County.
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
and Catholic
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
. In 1646 the Uzhhorod Union
Union of Uzhhorod
The Union of Uzhhorod, also referred to as Union of Ungvár, was the 1646 decision of 63 Ruthenian Orthodox priests from the south slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, then within the Kingdom of Hungary, to join the Catholic Church on terms similar to the Union of Brest from 1596 in the lands of the...
was proclaimed and the Greek-Catholic church was established in Subcarpathia, in a ceremony held in the Uzhhorod castle by the Vatican
Vatican City
Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...
Aegis. In 1707 Uzhhorod was the residence of Ferenc II Rákóczi, the leader of the national-liberation war of the Hungarian people.
The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by economic changes, including the first factories in the city. The greatest influence on Uzhhorod among the political events of the 19th century was made by the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many of the European Revolutions of 1848 and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas...
-1849, during which the native Hungarian nobility sought both get free of the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
and to assert their right to dominate all other peoples of Hungary. March 27, 1848 was officially celebrated in the city as the overthrow of the monarchy in Hungary.
In 1872 the first railway line opened, linking the city to the important railway junction of Chop
Chop, Ukraine
Chop is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast of western Ukraine, near the borders of Slovakia and Hungary. It is separated from the Hungarian town of Záhony by the river Tisza, and the city itself is designated as a separate raion within the oblast.-Demography:According to the Ukrainian...
.
Twentieth century
According to the 1910 census, the city had 16,919 inhabitants, of which 13,590 (80.3%) were Magyars, 1,219 (7.2%) SlovaksSlovaks
The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
, 1,151 (6.8%) Germans
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
, 641 (3.8%) Rusyns
Rusyns
Carpatho-Rusyns are a primarily diasporic ethnic group who speak an Eastern Slavic language, or Ukrainian dialect, known as Rusyn. Carpatho-Rusyns descend from a minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt the use of the ethnonym "Ukrainian" in the early twentieth century...
and 1.6% Czechs
Czech people
Czechs, or Czech people are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic. Small populations of Czechs also live in Slovakia, Austria, the United States, the United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina, Canada, Germany, Russia and other countries...
. In the same time, the municipal area of the city had a population composed of 10,541 (39.05%) Hungarians, 9,908 (36.71%) Slovaks, and 5,520 (20.45%) Rusyns.
The First World War slowed down the tempo of city development. On September 10, 1919 Subcarpathia
Carpathian Ruthenia
Carpathian Ruthenia is a region in Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast , with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia , Poland's Lemkovyna and Romanian Maramureş.It is...
was officially annexed to the Republic of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
. Uzhhorod became the administrative center of the territory. During these years Uzhhorod developed into an architecturally modern city. After the Munich Treaty, Uzhhorod became part of the Slovak half of the new Czecho-Slovak state.
Hungarian pengo
The pengő was the currency of Hungary between 1 January 1927, when it replaced the korona, and 31 July 1946, when it was replaced by the forint. The pengő was subdivided into 100 fillér...
(US$400,000 in 1941 values) within forty-eight hours and over the next few days the authorities ordered the Jews to surrender their pianos, radios, and certain kinds of furniture. On March 31, an order was issued requiring the Jews to wear a yellow badge as of April 5. Around the same time, a curfew was imposed on the Jews.
Some eighteen thousand Jews from the surrounding area were taken to the Moskovits brickyard on Minai Street on April 14, the last day of Passover. Five days later, posters were put up in Uzhhorod warning the Jews of the city not to leave their homes. On the following day, April 20, gendarmes and local police entered Jewish homes and pillaged them of their valuables. Between April 21 and 23, the Jews of Uzhhorod were brought to the brick factory; when it could hold no more, they were concentrated in the Gluck lumberyard. The Jewish internees suffered from overcrowding, lack of food, and poor sanitation, and most had no shelter whatsoever. They were guarded by gendarmes, local policemen, and Hungarian soldiers, the last armed with machine guns.
Beginning on May 14, 1944, the Jews of Uzhhorod and its vicinity were deported to Auschwitz in seven transports. The first trainload reached the camp on May 16, and the last left Uzhhorod on June 3.
On October 27, 1944 the city was captured by the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front
4th Ukrainian Front
The 4th Ukrainian Front was a front of the Red Army during World War II...
of the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
.
This period brought significant changes. At the outskirts of Uzhhorod new enterprises were constructed and the old enterprises were renewed. On June 29, 1945 Subcarpathian Ukraine became a part of the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. That year the Uzhhorod State University
Uzhhorod National University
Uzhhorod National University , in the city of Uzhhorod, is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Soviet Union.-History:...
(now Uzhhorod National University) was also opened. Since January 1946 Uzhhorod was the center of newly formed Zakarpatska oblast.
Its grand-rabbi was Rabbi Avrohom Yosef Greunwald (d. 1940), author of a volume title Avnei Shoham. His son was Rabbi Maier Greunwald, who in 1930 was called upon to become the rabbi of city of Tetch.
Since 1991 Uzhhorod has become one of 23 regional capitals within Ukraine. Of these, Uzhhorod is the smallest and westernmost.
In 2002, after some controversy, a bust of Tomáš Masaryk
Tomáš Masaryk
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English, was an Austro-Hungarian and Czechoslovak politician, sociologist and philosopher, who as an eager advocate of Czechoslovak independence during World War I became the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia, also was...
, Czechoslovakia's first president, was unveiled in a main square of the city. A similar bust was unveiled in 1928 on the 10th anniversary of Czechoslovak independence, but was removed by the Hungarians when they took over the region in 1939.
Youth Olympic Games Possible Bid
In August 2008, city officials announced that they consider bidding for hosting the 2012 Summer Children Olympic Games.Demographics
According to the Ukrainian 2001 censusUkrainian Census (2001)
The first Ukrainian Census was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989....
, the population of Uzhhorod included:
- UkrainiansUkrainiansUkrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
(including RusynsRusynsCarpatho-Rusyns are a primarily diasporic ethnic group who speak an Eastern Slavic language, or Ukrainian dialect, known as Rusyn. Carpatho-Rusyns descend from a minority of Ruthenians who did not adopt the use of the ethnonym "Ukrainian" in the early twentieth century...
) (77.8%) - RussiansRussiansThe Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
(9.6%) - Hungarians (6.9%)
- SlovaksSlovaksThe Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
(2.2%) - Roma (1.5%)
Transport
Uzhhorod Central Rail Terminal
The Uzhhorod Rail Comlex in Uzhhorod, Ukraine, consists of two railway stations: the Uzhhorod Central Terminal and the Uzhhorod Suburban Rail Terminal. The complex was opened to the public in October 2004...
), Uzhhorod-2, Uzhhorod-3, Domanynci stations.
Uzhhorod has an international airport: Uzhhorod International Airport
Uzhhorod International Airport
Uzhhorod International Airport, is an international airport located in the city of Uzhhorod, in the western Ukrainian province of Zakarpattia. It is one of Ukraine's largest airports, serving Uzhhorod and the whole oblast. It is situated in the most western part of the city, in the district of...
. Airport code: UDJ. It is one of the biggest airports in Ukraine. Has one terminal. There are flights to Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
and Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
.
The public transportation is well developed. There are buses and microbuses on about 50 routes.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Uzhhorod is currently twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
Békéscsaba
Békéscsaba
Békéscsaba is a city in Southeast Hungary, the capital of the county Békés.- Geography :According to the 2001 census, the city has a total area of .- Name :...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza
- Tourist sights :Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage.* Collection of the International Medallion Art and Small Sculpture Creative Community of Nyíregyháza-Sóstó – periodic exhibitions of works of contemporary artists-Twin towns — Sister...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Oryol
Oryol
Oryol or Orel is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Corvallis
Corvallis, Oregon
Corvallis is a city located in central western Oregon, United States. It is the county seat of Benton County and the principal city of the Corvallis, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Benton County. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 54,462....
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Darmstadt
Darmstadt
Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Area.The sandy soils in the Darmstadt area, ill-suited for agriculture in times before industrial fertilisation, prevented any larger settlement from developing, until the city became the seat...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, since 1992 Košice
Košice
Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
, Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
, since 1993 Krosno
Krosno
Krosno is a town and county in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland with 47,455 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009.Notably Krosno is the site of the first oil well in the world....
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, since 2008 Jarosław, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, since 2002 Česká Lípa
Ceská Lípa
Česká Lípa a district seat and the largest city of the district bearing the same name. Česká Lípa can be reached easily from the north via Dresden, Bautzen, and the border crossing at Seifhennersdorf / Varnsdorf. Together with Liberec, being a higher administrative region, it is a part of Nisa...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
Satu Mare, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
Notable residents
- Vladimir KomanVladimir KomanVladimir Koman Jr. is a Ukrainian–born Hungarian footballer, currently playing for Italian Serie B team Sampdoria. He is most known for his strong performance in the in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, gaining the Silver Boot by scoring five goals for the Hungarian team...
, a Ukrainian-born, Hungarian football player - János ErdélyiJános ErdélyiJános Erdélyi was a Hungarian poet, critic, author, philosopher and ethnographist....
, a Hungarian poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, criticCriticA critic is anyone who expresses a value judgement. Informally, criticism is a common aspect of all human expression and need not necessarily imply skilled or accurate expressions of judgement. Critical judgements, good or bad, may be positive , negative , or balanced...
, author, philosopher and ethnographist - Shlomo GanzfriedShlomo GanzfriedShlomo Ganzfried was an Orthodox rabbi and posek best known as author of the work of Halakha , the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch , by which title he is also known.- Biography :Ganzfried was born in the year 1804 in Uzhhorod in the Carpathian region of the...
, an OrthodoxOrthodox JudaismOrthodox Judaism , is the approach to Judaism which adheres to the traditional interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Sanhedrin and subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and...
rabbiRabbiIn Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
and posekPosekPosek is the term in Jewish law for "decider"—a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive or in those situations where no halakhic precedent exists.... - Józef KasparekJózef KasparekJózef Kasparek was a Polish lawyer, historian and political scientist.Until World War II he lived in southeastern Poland , in an area that is now in western Ukraine.-Early years:...
, a PolishPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
lawyerLawyerA lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
, historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
and political scientist - Mikhail KopelmanMikhail KopelmanMikhail Kopelman is a Ukrainian violinist.He was born in 1947 in the Transkarpathian city of Mikhail Kopelman is a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[violin]]ist.He was born in 1947 in the Transkarpathian city of...
, a violinViolinThe violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
ist - Samuel LipschützSamuel LipschützSamuel or Solomon Lipschütz was a chess player and author. He was chess champion of the United States from 1889 to 1890 and again from 1891 to 1894....
, a chessChessChess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...
player and authorAuthorAn author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:... - Yozhef SaboYozhef SaboYozhef Yozhefovich Sabo is a former Soviet football player of Hungarian ethnicity-Club:Szabó made his name as a player at Dynamo Kyiv, appearing at the club from 1959 to 1969...
, a Soviet football player of Hungarian ethnicity - Avhustyn VoloshynAvhustyn VoloshynAvgustyn Ivanovych Voloshyn was a Ukrainian politician, teacher, and essayist. He was president of the independent Carpatho-Ukraine, which existed for one day on March 15, 1939....
, a Subcarpathian politicianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, teacherTeacherA teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils and students . The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional...
, and essayist - Gregory ZatkovichGregory ZatkovichGregory Ignatius Zhatkovich was an American lawyer and political activist for Rusyns in the United States and Europe....
, first governor of Carpathian RutheniaCarpathian RutheniaCarpathian Ruthenia is a region in Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast , with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia , Poland's Lemkovyna and Romanian Maramureş.It is... - Renee Firestone, Holocaust survivor, fashion designer, Founding Lecturer of the Simon Wiesenthal Center
External links
- Public Uzhgorod-city portal
- 3D Maps of Uzhgorod
- Uzhhorod city site
- Uzhhorod in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Photos and infrastructure objects of Uzhgorod on Map
- Uzhgorod (Uzhhorod) City and Castle Museum Photos
- Map of Uzhhorod area
- Uzhhorod in old postcards
- Uzhhorod city news
- Google Map of Uzhgorod
- Uzhhorod - photographs
- Uzhgorod, Zakarpattya
- Rest is in Zakarpattya
- Uzhhorod - ShtetLink
