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The Thumb
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The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten; thus the Thumb is the area that looks like the thumb of the mitten. The Thumb is a subregion of the Flint/Tri-Cities region, and the Blue Water Area is a subregion of the Thumb.
The counties which constitute the Thumb are those forming the extended peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay.
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Encyclopedia
The Thumb is a region and a peninsula of Michigan, so named because the Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten; thus the Thumb is the area that looks like the thumb of the mitten. The Thumb is a subregion of the Flint/Tri-Cities region, and the Blue Water Area is a subregion of the Thumb.
The counties which constitute the Thumb are those forming the extended peninsula that stretches northward into Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay. There is no formal declaration for which of these counties are part of the Thumb. However, virtually all common definitions include Huron, Tuscola, and Sanilac counties. This definition is sometimes extended to include Lapeer and St. Clair counties as well. The fact that Lapeer and St. Clair counties are included in the Detroit Metropolitan Area also leads many people to exclude them from the Thumb region.
Economy
The Thumb region is very flat with fertile soil, the reason for its historical role as a chiefly agricultural area. Major agricultural products are sugar beets, navy beans, corn, fruits, and fish from the Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron. Manufacturing is dominant in St. Clair County and Lapeer County. Few of the residents commute for work to Metropolitan Detroit or Flint. Large cities in the Thumb area are Port Huron, Lapeer, Marysville, St. Clair, Sandusky, Bad Axe, and Caro. The majority of these cities are in the southern portion of the Thumb.
Business
See also: List of companies based in Michigan
The Thumb has many notable businesses, many linked to agriculture.
- American Tape has its main factory in Marysville.
- Cargill Salt operates a large salt mine and factory in St. Clair. This is the only plant in the U.S.A. that produces Alberger salt, which is especially prized in the fast food industry because of its higher volume (due to its unique shape) and lower sodium content (for a given volume, not weight). This is part of Michigan's large salt-mining industry.
- Cooperative Elevator Company has been named the top Michigan Agriculture Exporter by the Michigan Department of Agriculture. Its headquarters are in Pigeon, and it has branch elevators in Deckerville, Akron, Gagetown, Sebewaing, Elkton, and Bad Axe.
- Detroit Edison is the operator of five power plants in the Thumb area: St. Clair and Belle River Power Plants in East China Township, Marysville Powerplant (Decommissioned), Harbor Beach Powerplant, and Greenwood Powerplant in Greenwood Township.
- Dow AgroSciences Harbor Beach manufactures agricultural chemicals: weed killer, fungicides, fertilizers and plant nutrients and herbicides.
- Grand Trunk Western Railway has a major rail yard in Port Huron Township.
- Marysville Hydrocarbons is an ethanol plant in Marysville.
- Michigan Ethanol, a partner of Broin Companies, operates a corn ethanol production facility in southwest Caro.
- Michigan Sugar Company, a cooperative owned by 1200 farmers, operates four plants in the area. It is the successor to the 100-year-old "Big Chief" and "Pioneer" Sugar companies. The headquarters are in Bay City, Michigan.
- Sensient Technologies Corporation, Harbor Beach, makes food flavors and colors, yeast dehydrated products and vegetable protein extract.
- Star of the West Milling Co. which has grain elevators in Vassar and Cass City, joined with Eastern Michigan Grain in Emmett.
Tourism
Some towns, such as Bay Port, Caseville, Harbor Beach, Lexington, Port Austin, Port Hope, Port Huron, Port Sanilac, Sebewaing, and St. Clair enjoy seasonal tourism, due to their locations on Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay, or St. Clair River. The Thumb lies within the east-central tourism region of the state
The Tip of the Thumb Heritage Water Trail is a nonprofit citizens organization working with the Huron County Parks to establish and maintain a water trail along Michigan’s Lake Huron’s shoreline.
Unique to the Thumb
Unique features in the area include the following:
- Algonac, Michigan, known as the Venice of Michigan because of its many canals, is a part of the largest freshwater delta in the world, that of the St. Clair River into Lake St. Clair.
- Bad Axe was named after a broken axe found lodged in the knot of a tree at the clearing of the settlement's chief crossroads.
- Bay Port, is the world's largest freshwater fishing port.
- Harbor Beach is the home of the largest man-made harbor and the Harbor Beach Light.
- , a project of John Deere Wind Energy and Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative.
- Huron County Nature Center includes a wilderness arboretum that has been under the care of the Huron County Women's Clubs for more than 50 years.
- Kernan Memorial Nature Sanctuary is a refuge with of shoreline acquired October 30, 1989 on Lake Huron, in Huron County. On the western coast of Whiskey Harbor, this area is a great place to see migratory birds in early March and November.
- Kinde was once the bean capital of the world.
- Pigeon is the home of the Cooperative Elevator Company, one of the largest grain elevators in the state.
- Port Huron - the maritime capital of the Great Lakes, where Lake Huron flows into the St. Clair River. This is the largest city in the Thumb area. It was the boyhood home of Thomas Edison.
- The Sanilac Petroglyphs were discovered after massive fires swept the Lower Peninsula in 1881. Native Americans created this unusual artwork 300 to 1,000 years ago. The petroglyphs provide a glimpse into the lives of an ancient woodland people who occupied Michigan's Thumb area.
- Sebewaing, is the sugar beet capital of the world, and home to one of the four Michigan Sugar Company factories in the Thumb region. The sugar companies were organized with money from lumbermen such as Rasmus Hanson.
- St. Clair boasts the world's largest boardwalk along freshwater, the St. Clair River.
- Michigan Underwater Preserves are protected areas of the Great Lakes on Michigan's coast. There are nineteen major shipwrecks in the 276 square miles of the and the Sanilac Shores Underwater Preserve which expands a total of 163 square miles of Lake Huron.
Traveling around the Thumb
A favorite of tourists who visit this area is traveling the Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay shoreline, by driving M-25 (formerly US 25 until 1973). M-25 starts at the end of I-69/I-94 in Port Huron at the foot of the Blue Water Bridge and ends in Bay City. The whole route is about , and passes through quaint cities and villages. Along M-25 you can see five lighthouses: Fort Gratiot Lighthouse, Port Sanilac lighthouse, Pointe aux Barques Lighthouse, Harbor Beach Light, and the Port Austin Lighthouse.
The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. Port Huron in eastern Michigan is a good starting point for the circle tour of Lake Huron. M-25 winds around the Thumb and along the Saginaw Bay to Saginaw and Bay City. Do not forget to go to the beach and walk the boardwalks in Lexington and Port Austin.
Lighthouse Tour
Area festivals and events
- "The Original" Country Christmas Lighted Farm Implement Parade (Sandusky, Michigan)
- Antique and Yard Sale Trail (Algonac, Michigan to Sebewaing, Michigan)
- Bay Port Fish Sandwich Festival (Bay Port, Michigan)
- Blue Water Ramble (St. Clair, Michigan) Annual International Bicycling Event, first weekend in October.
- Boat Night & Port Huron to Mackinac Island, Michigan Yacht Race (Port Huron, Michigan)
- Cheeseburger in Caseville Festival (Caseville, Michigan)
- Croswell Agricultural Society Fair (Croswell, Michigan)
- Croswell Swinging Bridge Festival (Croswell, Michigan)
- Feast of the Sainte Claire (Port Huron, Michigan)
- Harbor Beach Maritime Festival (Harbor Beach, Michigan)
- Huron County Fair (Bad Axe, Michigan)
- Michigan Farmer's Festival (Pigeon, Michigan)
- Michigan Sugar Festival (Sebewaing, Michigan)
- Tuscola County Pumpkin Festival (Caro, Michigan)
- Sanilac County 4-H Fair (Sandusky, Michigan)
- St. Clair County 4-H Fair (Goodells County Park)
- Thumbfest (Lexington, Michigan)
- Yale Bologna Festival (Yale, Michigan)
Thumb counties
Huron
Huron County is located at the tip of the thumb. The county is surrounded on three sides by water – Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron, and has over of shoreline, from White Rock on Lake Huron to Sebewaing on Saginaw Bay, and more shoreline parks than any other county in the state.
The county's economy relies on agriculture and ranks as one of the top agricultural counties in Michigan. Rich farmland inland produces beans, sugar beets and grain, including most of the world's supply of navy beans. Tourism is also important to Huron County with bay front and lakefront towns such as Sebewaing, Caseville, Port Austin, Port Hope, and Harbor Beach, attracting tourists from all over. Huron County borders the Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron. There are two state parks – Sleeper State Park and Port Crescent State Park. Two roadside parks – Jenks Park, Brown Park, and White Rock Park. Also, Huron County maintains nine county parks along the shoreline, which are Caseville Park, Lighthouse Park, Stafford Park, McGraw Park, Philp Park, Port Austin Bird Creek Park, Wagener Park, Oak Beach Park, and Sebewaing Park.
The county seat is Bad Axe, located in the center of the county.
Sanilac
The County of Sanilac has the largest area of land in The Thumb. Like other counties, Sanilac has fertile and flat land, great for growing crops. Towns like Forestville, Port Sanilac and Lexington bring in many tourists from the Detroit Area. Southern Sanilac County is very economically attached to St. Clair County. Sandusky is the county seat and largest city.
Tuscola
Like Huron County, Tuscola is mostly dependent on agriculture. Industries such as sugar refining and ethanol processing, as well as growing various grains and beans, make up most of the economy. Caro, one of the largest cities in The Thumb (the largest if you exclude St. Clair and Lapeer Counties), is named after Cairo, Egypt and is the county seat. Tuscola County only has of shoreline along Saginaw Bay, so it is not as dependent on tourism as the other counties in the area. Tuscola County is economically tied to the surrounding region as well as to the Saginaw, Bay City, and Flint areas.
Lapeer
Lapeer County is economically attached to Flint and Detroit. Lapeer derives from the French word for Flint, la pierre. Lapeer's economy depends on manufacturing more than agriculture. Although it is landlocked, Lapeer County has many inland bodies of water such as Lake Pleasant, Lake Metamora, Nepessing Lake, Bronson Lake and Bames Lake. These lakes bring in many campers and tourists. Lapeer County's geography is very different than any other county in The Thumb. Lapeer County is considered part of the Detroit Metropolitan Area, which leads many people to exclude Lapeer County from The Thumb region.
St. Clair
St. Clair County has the largest population in The Thumb. St. Clair County is considered to be a part of Southeast Michigan and the Detroit Metropolitan Area, which leads many people to exclude St. Clair County from The Thumb. Many residents farther north in The Thumb, especially Sanilac County, travel to Port Huron for shopping and work. It is the farthest county to the east in Michigan, and most of the eastern border is the St. Clair River, which separates Michigan from Ontario. For the most part, St. Clair County is flat and agricultural, with a landscape similar to that of other Thumb counties, but manufacturing has taken over many of the jobs in the county, especially in and around Port Huron.
Disputed Regions
Some areas of the thumb are debatable, but most all definitions will include Huron, Sanilac, and Tuscola Counties, known as the tri-county region. Disputed areas include:
The Blue Water Area
The Blue Water Area is a subregion of the thumb, describing St. Clair County, Michigan, parts of Sanilac County, Northern Macomb County, and Eastern Lapeer. It is so named because of the Blue Water Bridge and the area's many bodies of water. Sometimes the definition is extended to include all of the Thumb and even Eastern Michigan. A simple definition of the Blue Water Area is the area surrounding Port Huron where residents regularly travel to Port Huron for shopping and work.
Discover the Blue
Discover the Blue is a promotion by the Blue Water Area Convention and Visitor's Bureauto attract visitors to the "Shorline of Eastern Michigan". Communities participating in Discover the Blue range from Algonac (at the southern end of the Thumb) to Port Huron to Port Austin (at the tip of the Thumb).
Geographic features
See also List of Michigan state parks and geography of Michigan.
- The Thumb's landscape is mostly flat, with a few rolling hills and a small ridge in the western portion of the peninsula.
- All counties except for Lapeer border the Saginaw Bay or Lake Huron.
- The places with the highest elevation are all in Lapeer County, they are: Pinnacle Point, at , Kerr (Cemetery) Hill, at , both in Hadley Township, Mt Christie, at , in Metamora Township, and a point near Mayville, reaching up to above sea level.
- The lowest place in the Thumb region is in the Saginaw Valley, the far western part of the thumb, at a low above sea level.
- Huron County is very flat and is home to wind turbines and large fields.
- The "tip of the Thumb" is Pointe Aux Barques, between Port Austin and Grindstone City.
- Marlette is also called the "heart of the Thumb" because of its central position on the peninsula.
Major rivers
The Thumb has many waterways.
- Cass River has many branches, one of which flows into the Shiawassee River in the Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge at less than a mile from where the Shiawassee merges with the Tittabawassee River to form the Saginaw River
- The Pinnebog, Shebahyonk, and Pigeon Rivers all head toward the center of Huron County and empty into the Saginaw Bay.
- St. Clair River, connects Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair, and is the farthest east border in Michigan. It forms a low impression in eastern St. Clair County, Michigan, and has a delta at its mouth (North America's largest freshwater delta), which includes Harsens Island, Michigan and Walpole Island, Ontario. Ferries cross the river at Algonac and Marine City, these being international border crossings.
- Black River, It starts in Port Huron and ends near Minden City. The Black River forms a basin in Sanilac County, and northern St. Clair County.
- The north branch of the Flint River lies in northern Lapeer County. It breaks off the Flint River just north of the Holloway Reservoir, and ends near North Branch
- The southern branch of the Flint River flows through the central and southern portion of Lapeer County. It breaks off the Flint River just north of the Holloway Reservoir, runs through Lapeer and ends near the southern county line.
History and local culture
See also: Timeline of Michigan history and history of Michigan
Naming and Founding of the Thumb
The earliest name for the Thumb of Michigan was Skenchioe, which is shown on European maps from the late 1600s and is of Iroquois origin. Skenchioe was the early home of Native people called the Fox. There is no definite documentation on the meaning of the name Schenchioe although red fox is implied. The Iroquois, or Onondaga, word, ganhuntowano means flat country. Their word for plain is uchwuntschios while sgechnaxen meant red fox. The latter word can be broken down into, or means, "skin-bad", the Iroquois name for the red fox. From these words, it appears that Schenchioe meant or is connected with the phrase flat or shingle-like land. (The Latin word "scandula" means to split wood or make shingle. Scandula is also the root of the word skin.)
Maps from the early 1700s, show the Thumb of Michigan as Les Pays Plat, which is French for the Flat Country. The English used this name in their late-1700s maps calling the Thumb, Flat Country. On one early map, the Thumb was also called Pays Pelé, French for "Barren Country", the barrens, or the plains. It may have meant pelt skin land.
One of the counties of the Thumb was named Tuscola, which is probably of Chippewa/Ottawa origin and likely meant plateau or flat country. Interestingly, the German word schale means both dish or plate and skin, rind, or shell. The Chippewa and Ottawa often used a shell or bark from a tree as a dish or plate. Their words tessi aki likely meant plateau or tableland. Esse in Chippewa/Ottawa meant shell.
Culture
Persons of European ancestry have formed the overwhelming majority of the population since the late 19th century. The land was settled mostly by English and Scots-Irish immigrants, many of whom arrived from Canada. Other settlers of the same ancestry migrated from eastern states such as New York, Pennsylvania and New England. Later 19th and 20th century residents included Polish and German immigrants who migrated from Europe through the Detroit area. Many of the customs, and much of the regional lifestyle, strongly reflect these origins. Examples are the polka show on WMIC and Polish festival gatherings at small town halls throughout the Thumb.
Historical events
- The great Thumb Fire took place on September 5, 1881 in the Thumb area of Michigan. The fire, which burned over a million acres (4,000 km²) in less than a day, was the consequence of drought, hurricane-force winds, heat, the after-effects of the Port Huron Fire of 1871 and the ecological damage wrought by the era's logging techniques.
- The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 was a November blizzard with hurricane-force winds devastated the Great Lakes Basin in the United States Midwest and the Canadian province of Ontario. The storm battered and overturned ships on four of the five Great Lakes, particularly Lake Huron.
- The Port Huron area is one of oldest settlements in the state of Michigan.
- Colonial forts such as Fort Gratiot (north of Port Huron) and Fort Sinclair (near present day St. Clair) were built along the St. Clair River.
- Bad Axe was named so because Captain Rudolph Papst found an old one in 1861, when he was clearing land for the present-day Huron County seat.
Notable people (by town)
More comprehensive lists are available at individual cities, villages, etc. See local towns of interest at the bottom of the page for links.
Cass City
Harbor Beach
- Frank Murphy - Detroit mayor, Michigan governor, U.S. Attorney General and Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Lapeer
- Marguerite de Angeli, children's book author, Newbery Award winner
- Danelle Gay, Miss Michigan USA 2006
- Kirk Gibson, retired baseball player, Detroit Tigers and Los Angeles Dodgers
- Terry Knight, singer, DJ, manager, Terry Knight and the Pack, Grand Funk Railroad
- Jake Long, offensive lineman, Miami Dolphins
- Terry Nichols, accomplice in the Oklahoma City Bombing
- Jim Slater, hockey player Atlanta Thrashers
Port Huron
Unionville
Local elected officials
The thumb area has remained mostly Republican throughout the years. In 2008, all of the thumb (except Lapeer County) voted for John McCain, and almost identical for George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004. Local politicians in Washington and Lansing are listed below.
United States Congress
District 10 - Northern Macomb, and all of St Clair, Lapeer, Sanilac, and Huron County.
District 5 - Saginaw/Bay City Area, and all of Genesse and Tuscola
Michigan House
32nd District - Northern Macomb and two Townships in St Clair County
- Daniel Acciavatti, Republican
81st District - Most of St Clair County (about 80%)
- Philip J. Pavlov, - Republican
82nd District - All of Lapeer County
83rd District - Port Huron Area and Sanilac County
84th District - Huron and Tuscola County
Michigan Senate
Colleges and universities
Museums
See also: List of museums in Michigan
Harbor Beach
Marysville
Port Huron
Elsewhere in the Thumb
Media
In terms of news media, the Thumb is divided in half. The northern portion is more served by the Flint/Tri-Cities and the southern portion is linked to Southeast Michigan. Major centers for the media are Port Huron, Sandusky, and Bad Axe.
Radio
The Thumb Area Radio Market lies between the Detroit Radio Market, the Tri-Cities Radio Market and the Flint Market, and stations from all three markets as well as Port Huron and Sarnia, Ontario can be heard in areas of the Thumb.
Local Radio Stations covering all of the thumb include: WMIC 660 AM,WTGV-FM 97.7 in Sandusky; CHOK (AM) 1070 in Sarnia; WPHM 1380 in Port Huron. Other stations from surrounding areas that also cover the thumb include: WJR 760, and WWJ 950 in Detroit; WSGW 790 in Saginaw; CKLW 800 in Windsor, Ontario.
Newspaper
Huron County Newspapers
- Harbor Beach Times
- Huron County Press
- Huron Daily Tribune
- News Weekly, The
- The Lakeshore Guardian
- Thumb Blanket
Lapeer County Newspapers
- Buyer's Guide
- County Press, The
- LA View
- Webco Press
Sanilac County Newspapers
- Brown City Banner
- Buyers Guide
- Camden Publications
- Deckerville Recorder
- Marlette Leader
- Sandusky Tribune
- Sanilac County News
St. Clair County Newspapers
- Blue Water Shopper
- Port Huron Times Herald-USA Today
- Voice, The
- Yale Expositor, The
Tuscola County Newspapers
- Advertiser Tuscola County
- Cass City Chronicle
- Cass River Trader
- Vassar Pioneer Times
Broadcast television
Television coverage in the Thumb is also in two parts. The Lapeer County, St. Clair County and Sanilac County area lies in the Detroit Television Market. The far northern and western areas lie inside the Flint/Tri-Cities Television Market. The only broadcast TV station licensed to the Thumb region is WDCQ, the PBS station licensed to Bad Axe.
Flint/Tri-Cities
- WSMH, Fox 66
- WEYI, NBC 25
- WJRT, ABC 12
- WNEM, CBS 5
- WDCQ, PBS 35
Sarina/Windsor Ontario
- CBET, CBC 9
- CICO, TVO
- CKCO, CTV 42
Detroit Area
Alpena area
Transportation
Borders
The border between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario is one of the busiest connections between Canada and the US. Crossings include the two Blue Water Bridges and the two St. Clair River Railway Tunnels. Ferries also cross at Marine City, Michigan and Algonac, Michigan. Shown here is a view of the two bridges taken during the Port Huron to Mackinac Yacht Race.
Major highways
(organized by numbers)
Interstates
Michigan highways
- M-15
- M-19
- old M-21
- M-24
- M-25 is a highway of an arc-like shape closely following the outline of the Thumb along the Lake Huron/Saginaw Bay shoreline between Port Huron, Michigan (junction I-94, US I-69, and I-94 Business Loop and Bay City, Michigan (junction US I-75, US-23, and US-10. It is generally a scenic drive.
- M-29
- M-46 is a cross peninsular road, running across the mitten and the thumb -- from Port Sanilac on the Lake Huron shore; through Saginaw near Saginaw Bay; and then on to Muskegon on the Lake Michigan shore. This east-west surface route nearly bisects the Lower Peninsula of Michigan latitudinally.
- M-53 (Van Dyke Road) is a gateway route to The Thumb of Michigan, carrying vacationers to the resorts and cottages on Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron in the vicinity of Caseville and Port Austin. It goes up the middle of the Thumb, and directly connects in Macomb County, Michigan to the M-53 expressway. It is an important route for agricultural and manufactured goods.
- M-81
- M-90
- M-136
- M-138
- M-142
Rail
Area Amtrak stations are in Lapeer, Port Huron, and Flint. Local railroads are the Grand Trunk Western Railroad, CSX Transport, Canadian National Rail , Pere Marquette Railway, and the Huron & Eastern Saginaw Valley Railroad. Major railroad centers are Vassar, Bad Axe and Port Huron
Airports
The only international airport in the Thumb is St. Clair County International Airport about outside Port Huron. City airports include: Caro Municipal, Dupont-Lapeer Airport, Huron County Memorial Airport, Marine City Airport, Marlette Municipal, Sandusky City, and Yale Airport. Scheduled airline service is available from MBS International Airport near Midland, Michigan and Flint Bishop International Airport. While neither of these airports is in the Thumb, both are relatively close by.
Area codes
Area code 989 covers about half of the Thumb: Huron, Tuscola, and far northern Sanilac County (and the Marlette, Michigan area). The Thumb's other half is covered by area code 810, which takes in most of Sanilac, Lapeer, Genesee and Saint Clair Counties. All of Macomb County is served by area code 586, as is a small part of south-western Saint Clair County.
See also
State
Regional
Local towns of interest
- Applegate, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Almont, Michigan (Lapeer)
- Bad Axe, Michigan (Huron)
- Brown City, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Caro, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Carsonville, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Caseville, Michigan (Huron)
- Cass City, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Croswell, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Deckerville, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Elkton, Michigan (Huron)
- Forestville, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Harbor Beach, Michigan (Huron)
- Imlay City, Michigan (Lapeer)
- Kinde, Michigan (Huron)
- Lapeer, Michigan (Lapeer)
- Lexington, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Marine City, Michigan (St. Clair)
- Marlette, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Millington, Michigan (Tuscola)
- Minden City, Michigan (Sanilac)
- North Branch, Michigan (Tuscola)
- Owendale, Michigan (Huron)
- Pigeon, Michigan (Huron)
- Port Austin, Michigan (Huron)
- Port Huron, Michigan (St. Clair)
- Port Sanilac, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Richmond, Michigan (St. Clair)
- Sandusky, Michigan (Sanilac)
- Sebewaing, Michigan (Huron)
- St. Clair, Michigan (St. Clair)
- Unionville, Michigan (Tuscola)
- Vassar, Michigan (Tuscola)
- Yale, Michigan (St. Clair)
- Ubly, Michigan (Huron)
Subjects
Further reading
- Ackerman, Emma J. Thumb Fires of 1871 and 1881. CMU Term Paper, 1968.
- DuMond, Neva. Thumb diggings; adventures into Michigan's Thumb area. Lexington, Mich, 1962.
- The Great Fire of 1881: A Collection of Stories. Caro, MI: Tuscola County Advertiser, 1981.
- Hatt, R. T. --The petroglyphs, by D. J. Richards.--An archeological survey of the petroglyph site, by M. Papworth (republished from the Michigan archeologist, Dec. 1957) The Sanilac petroglyphs. Bloomfield Hills, Mich. : Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1958
- House Party: Reminiscences by Traditional Musicians and Square Dance Callers in Michigan's Thumb Area. Port Huron, MI: Museum of Arts and History, 1982.
- Schultz, Gerard. A History of Michigan's Thumb.
- Smith, Dee. Treks into the Past: Historical Sketches of Michigan's Thumb. Decatur, MI: Heritage Valley Publishing, 1989.
- Southgate, Jerry D. Thumb's Forest Fire of 1881. Central Michigan University Term Paper, 1967.
External links
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