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A salt, in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and bases
Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
 ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
 (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic
Inorganic compound

Traditionally, inorganic compounds are considered to be of a mineral, not biological, origin. Complementarily, most organic compounds are traditionally viewed as being of biological origin....
 such as chloride (Cl-), as well as organic
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
 such as acetate
Acetate

An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....
 (CH3COO-) and monoatomic ions such as fluoride (F-), as well as polyatomic ion
Polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species composed of two or more atoms Covalent bond or of a complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and Base chemistry or in the formation of salt ....
s such as sulfate (SO42-).

There are several varieties of salts.






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Encyclopedia


A salt, in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and bases
Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
 ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
 (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic
Inorganic compound

Traditionally, inorganic compounds are considered to be of a mineral, not biological, origin. Complementarily, most organic compounds are traditionally viewed as being of biological origin....
 such as chloride (Cl-), as well as organic
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
 such as acetate
Acetate

An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....
 (CH3COO-) and monoatomic ions such as fluoride (F-), as well as polyatomic ion
Polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species composed of two or more atoms Covalent bond or of a complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and Base chemistry or in the formation of salt ....
s such as sulfate (SO42-).

There are several varieties of salts. Salts that produce hydroxide
Hydroxide

In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the Diatomic molecule anion OH-, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the Dissociation of a base ....
 ions when dissolved in water are basic salts and salts that produce hydronium
Hydronium

In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the aqueous cation hydrogen3oxygen+ derived from protonation of water. It is the simplest type of an oxonium ion....
 ions in water are acid salt
Acid salt

Acid salts are a class of salt formed when a dibasic or tribasic acid has been neutralization to some degree. Because the acid is only partially neutralized, one or more replaceable protons remain....
s. Neutral salts are those that are neither acid nor basic salts. Zwitterion
Zwitterion

A zwitterion is a chemical compound that carries a total net charge of 0, thus electrically neutral but carries Formal charge on different atoms....
s contain an anionic center and a cationic center in the same molecule
Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
 but are not considered to be salts. Examples include amino acid
Amino acid

In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
s, many metabolite
Metabolite

Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. The term metabolite is usually restricted to small molecules. A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction....
s, peptide
Peptide

Peptides are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of a-amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide chemical bond or a peptide bond....
s and proteins.

When salts are dissolved in water, they are called electrolyte
Electrolyte

An electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrical conductor medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
s, and are able to conduct electricity
Electricity

Electricity is a general term that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena such as lightning and static electricity, but in addition, less familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction....
, a property that is shared with molten salts. Mixtures of many different ions in solution—like in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the part of a Cell that is enclosed within the plasma membrane. In eukaryote cells the cytoplasm contains organelles, such as mitochondrion, that are filled with liquid kept separate from the rest of the cytoplasm by biological membranes....
 of cell
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
s, in blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
, urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
, plant saps and mineral water
Mineral water

Mineral water is water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the water....
s— usually do not form defined salts after evaporation of the water. Therefore, their salt content is given for the respective ions.

Properties


Color


Salts can appear to be clear and transparent
Transparency (optics)

In optics, transparency is the material property of allowing light to pass through. In mineralogy, another term for this property is diaphaneity....
 (sodium chloride
Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
), opaque
Opacity (optics)

Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic radiation or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, radiation shield, glass, etc....
, and even metallic and lustrous (iron disulfide
Pyrite

The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula ironsulfur2. This mineral's metallic Lustre and pale-to-normal, brass-yellow hue have earned it the nickname fool's gold due to its resemblance to gold....
). In many cases the apparent opacity
Opacity (optics)

Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic radiation or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, radiation shield, glass, etc....
 or transparency
Transparency (optics)

In optics, transparency is the material property of allowing light to pass through. In mineralogy, another term for this property is diaphaneity....
 are only related to the difference in size of the individual monocrystals. Since light reflects from the grain boundaries
Crystallite

A crystallite is a domain of solid-state matter that has the same structure as a single crystal. Metallurgy often refer to crystallites as "grains"....
 (boundaries between crystallites), larger crystal
Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions....
s tend to be transparent, while polycrystalline
Polycrystalline

Polycrystalline materials are solids that are composed of many crystallites of varying size and orientation. The variation in direction can be random or directed, possibly due to growth and processing conditions....
 aggregates look like white powders. Of course, some salts are inherently opaque
Opacity (optics)

Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic radiation or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, radiation shield, glass, etc....
.

Salts exist in all different color
Color

Color or colour is the visual perception property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, blue and others....
s, e.g.
  • yellow (sodium chromate
    Chromate

    Chromates and dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively. Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, ChromiumOxygen42-, and have an intense yellow color....
    ),
  • orange (potassium dichromate
    Potassium dichromate

    Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, is a common inorganic compound chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications....
    ),
  • red (mercury sulfide
    Cinnabar

    Cinnabar, sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury sulfide , or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury . The name comes from the Greek language - "kinnabari" - used by Theophrastus, and was probably applied to several distinct substances....
    ),
  • mauve
    Mauve

    Mauve is a pale lavender -lilac color, one of many in the range of purples.Mauve is more grey and more blue than a pale tint of magenta would be....
     (cobalt chloride
    Cobalt(II) chloride

    Cobalt chloride is the chemical compound with the formula cobaltchlorine, although the term is used also to refer to the hexahydrate, which is a different chemical compound....
     hexahydrate),
  • blue (copper sulfate
    Copper(II) sulfate

    Copper sulfate is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CopperSulfurOxygen4. This salt exists as a series of compounds that differ in their degree of water of crystallization....
     pentahydrate, ferric hexacyanoferrate
    Prussian blue

    Prussian blue is a very dark blue, colorfast, non-toxic pigment ? one of the first synthetic pigments ? which was discovered accidentally in Berlin in 1704....
    ),
  • green (nickel oxide
    Nickel(II) oxide

    Nickel oxide is the chemical compound with the formula NickelOxygen. It is notable as being the only well characterised oxide of nickel although there have been many reports of others ....
    ),
  • colorless (magnesium sulfate
    Magnesium sulfate

    Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium and sulfate, with the formula MgSO4. In its hydrated form the pH is 6.0 ....
    ),
  • white, and
  • black (manganese dioxide
    Manganese(IV) oxide

    Manganese oxide is the chemical compound MnO2, commonly called manganese dioxide. This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese....
    ). Most minerals and inorganic pigment
    Pigment

    A pigment is a material that changes the color of light it Reflection as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light....
    s as well as many synthetic organic dye
    Dye

    A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an Chemical affinity to the Wiktionary:substrate to which it is being applied....
    s are salts.


Taste


Different salts can elicit all five basic tastes, e.g. salty (sodium chloride
Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
), sweet (lead diacetate; which will cause lead poisoning
Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of the metal lead in the blood. Lead may cause irreversible neurological damage as well as renal disease, cardiovascular effects, and human reproduction toxicity....
 if ingested), sour (potassium bitartrate
Potassium bitartrate

Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, has formula KC4H5O6. It is a byproduct of winemaking....
), bitter (magnesium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate

Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium and sulfate, with the formula MgSO4. In its hydrated form the pH is 6.0 ....
), and umami
Umami

is one of the five Taste#Basic taste sensed by specialized receptor cells present on the human tongue. Umami is a loanword from Japanese language meaning roughly "delicious flavor", although "brothy", "meaty", or "savory" have been proposed as alternate translations....
 or savory (monosodium glutamate
Monosodium glutamate

Monosodium glutamate, also known as sodium glutamate and MSG, is a sodium salt of the non-essential amino glutamic acid. It is used as a food additive and is commonly marketed as a flavour enhancer....
).

Odor


Salts of strong acids and strong bases ("strong salts
Strong salts

Strong salts or strong electrolyte salts are salt composed of strong electrolytes. These ionic compounds dissociate completely in water. They are generally odourless and nonvolatile....
") are non-volatile
Volatility (chemistry)

Volatility in the context of chemistry, physics and thermodynamics is a measure of the tendency of a substance to vaporize. It has also been defined as a measure of how readily a substance vaporizes....
 and odorless, while salts of either weak acids or weak bases ("weak salts") may smell after the conjugate acid
Conjugate acid

Within the Johannes Nicolaus Br?nsted-Martin Lowry theory of acid-base reaction theories, a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton....
 (e.g. acetates like acetic acid (vinegar
Vinegar

Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid . It also may come in a diluted form....
) and cyanides like hydrogen cyanide (almond
Almond

The Almond is a species of tree of the genus Prunus, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae and native to the Middle East....
s) or the conjugate base (e.g. ammonium salts like ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
) of the component ions. That slow, partial decomposition is usually accelerated by presence of water, since hydrolysis
Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which one or more water are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions....
 is the other half of the reversible reaction
Reversible reaction

A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an chemical equilibrium mixture of reactants and Product . For a reaction involving two reactants and two products this can be expressed symbolically asA and B can react to form C and D or, in the reverse reaction, C and D can react to form A and B....
 equation of formation of weak salts.

Nomenclature



The name of a salt starts with the name of the cation (e.g. sodium or ammonium) followed by the name of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate). Salts are often referred to only by the name of the cation (e.g. sodium salt or ammonium salt) or by the name of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate).

Common salt-forming cations include:

  • Ammonium
    Ammonium

    The ammonium cation is a positively electric charge polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by protonation of ammonia ....
     NH4+
  • Calcium
    Calcium

    Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft grey alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the earth's Crust ....
     Ca2+
  • Iron
    Iron

    Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
     Fe2+ and Fe 3+
  • Magnesium
    Magnesium

    Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, atomic weight 24.3050 and common oxidation number +2.Magnesium, an alkaline earth metal, is the ninth most abundance of the chemical elements in the universe by mass....
     Mg2+
  • Potassium
    Potassium

    Potassium is a chemical element. It has the symbol K , atomic number 19, and atomic mass 39.0983. Potassium was first isolated from potash, hence the name....
     K+
  • Pyridinium
    Pyridinium

    Pyridinium refers to the cationic form of pyridine. This can either be due to protonation of the ring nitrogen or because of addition of a substituent to the ring nitrogen, typically via alkylation....
     C5H5NH+
  • Quaternary ammonium
    Quaternary ammonium cation

    Quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively electric charge polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+ with R being alkyl groups....
     NR4+
  • Sodium
    Sodium

    Sodium is an element which has the symbol Na , atomic number 11, atomic mass 23 amu , and a common oxidation number +1. Sodium is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive element and is a member of the alkali metals within "group 1" ....
     Na+


Common salt-forming anions (and the name of the parent acids in parentheses) include:

  • Acetate
    Acetate

    An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....
     CH3COO- (acetic acid
    Acetic acid

    Acetic acid, CH3COOH, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid which gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Pure, water-free acetic acid is a colourless liquid that absorbs water from the environment , and freezes at 16.7 Celsius to a colourless crystalline solid....
    )
  • Carbonate
    Carbonate

    In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid....
     CO32- (carbonic acid
    Carbonic acid

    Carbonic acid has the Molecular formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water , which contain small amounts of H2CO3....
    )
  • Chloride
    Chloride

    The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−....
     Cl- (hydrochloric acid
    Hydrochloric acid

    Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
    )
  • Citrate
    Citrate

    A citrate can refer either to the conjugate base of citric acid, , or to the esters of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate....
     HOC(COO-)(CH2COO-)2 (citric acid
    Citric acid

    Citric acid is a weak organic chemistry acid, and it is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks....
    )
  • Cyanide
    Cyanide

    A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the nitrile , which consists of a carbon atom chemical bond to a nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide salts in which cyanide is generally the anion CN-....
     C=N- (hydrogen cyanide
    Hydrogen cyanide

    Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and highly volatility liquid that boiling slightly above room temperature at 26 Celsius ....
    )
  • Hydroxide
    Hydroxide

    In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the Diatomic molecule anion OH-, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the Dissociation of a base ....
     OH- (water
    Water (molecule)

    File:Blue-water-pool.jpgWater is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the Earth's surface in liquid, solid, and gaseous states....
    )
  • Nitrate
    Nitrate

    In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms . In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates....
     NO3- (nitric acid
    Nitric acid

    Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
    )
  • Nitrite
    Nitrite

    The nitrite ion is NO2-. The anion is bent, being isoelectronic with ozone. More generally, a nitrite compound is either a Salt or an ester of nitrous acid....
     NO2- (nitrous acid
    Nitrous acid

    Nitrous acid is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution and in the form of nitrite salts.Nitrous acid is used to make diazo from amines; this occurs by nucleophilic attack of the amine onto the nitrite, reprotonation by the surrounding solvent, and double-elimination of water....
    )
  • Oxide
    Oxide

    An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
     O2- (water
    Water (molecule)

    File:Blue-water-pool.jpgWater is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the Earth's surface in liquid, solid, and gaseous states....
    )
  • Phosphate
    Phosphate

    A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a Salt of phosphoric acid. Inorganic phosphates are mining to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry....
     PO43- (phosphoric acid
    Phosphoric acid

    Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula Hydrogen3PhosphorusOxygen4....
    )
  • Sulfate
    Sulfate

    In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid....
     SO42- (sulfuric acid
    Sulfuric acid

    Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
    )


Formation


Salts are formed by a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
 between:

  • A base
    Base (chemistry)

    In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
     and an acid
    Acid

    An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
    , e.g. NH3
    Ammonia

    Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
     + HCl
    Hydrochloric acid

    Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
     ? NH4Cl
    Ammonium chloride

    Ammonium chloride is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt of ammonia. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic....
  • A metal
    Metal

    In chemistry, a metal is a chemical element whose atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions , and form metallic bonds between other metal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal atoms....
     and an acid
    Acid

    An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
    , e.g. Mg
    Magnesium

    Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, atomic weight 24.3050 and common oxidation number +2.Magnesium, an alkaline earth metal, is the ninth most abundance of the chemical elements in the universe by mass....
     + H2SO4
    Sulfuric acid

    Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
     ? MgSO4
    Magnesium sulfate

    Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound containing magnesium and sulfate, with the formula MgSO4. In its hydrated form the pH is 6.0 ....
     + H2
    Hydrogen

    Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
  • A base
    Base (chemistry)

    In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
     and an acid anhydride
    Oxide

    An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
    , e.g. 2 NaOH
    Sodium hydroxide

    Sodium hydroxide , also known as lye, caustic soda and sodium hydrate, is a caustic metallic Base . Sodium hydroxide forms a strong alkaline solution when dissolved in a solvent such as water, however, only the hydroxide ion is basic....
     + Cl2O
    Dichlorine monoxide

    Dichlorine monoxide, Cl2O, is a chlorine oxide.Dichlorine monoxide is the anhydride of hypochlorous acid; it is related to hypochlorites generally....
     ? 2 NaClO
    Sodium hypochlorite

    Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaClO. Sodium hypochlorite solution, commonly known as bleach, is frequently used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent....
     + H2O
    Water

    Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
  • An acid
    Acid

    An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
     and a basic anhydride
    Oxide

    An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
    , e.g. 2 HNO3
    Nitric acid

    Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
     + Na2O
    Sodium oxide

    Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Sodium2Oxygen. It is used in ceramics and glasses. Treatment with water affords sodium hydroxide....
     ? 2 NaNO3
    Sodium nitrate

    Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the chemical formula NaNO3. This salts, also known as "Chile saltpeter" or "Peru saltpeter" , is a white solid which is very soluble in water....
     + H2O
    Water

    Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
  • Salts can also form if solutions of different salts are mixed, their ions recombine, and the new salt is insoluble and precipitates (see: solubility equilibrium
    Solubility equilibrium

    Solubility equilibrium is any type chemical equilibrium between solid and dissolved states of a compound at saturation .Solubility equilibria involve application of chemical principles and constants to predict solubility of substances under specific conditions ....
    ), for example:
    Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) ? PbSO4(s) + NaNO3(aq)


See also


  • Acid salt
    Acid salt

    Acid salts are a class of salt formed when a dibasic or tribasic acid has been neutralization to some degree. Because the acid is only partially neutralized, one or more replaceable protons remain....
     also known as Hydrogen salt
  • Alkali salts
    Alkali salts

    Alkali salts or base salts are salts which have basic ions, such as Hydroxides or Carbonates.Rather than being neutral, as most salts are, basic salts are, as their name suggests, Base ....
     also known as Basic salt
  • Edible salt
    Edible salt

    Salt is a dietary mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride that is essential for animal life, but toxic to most land plants. Salt flavor is one of the taste#Basic_tastes, an important Salting_ and a popular food seasoning....
  • Electrolyte
    Electrolyte

    An electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrical conductor medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
  • Halide
    Halide

    A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an chemical element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound....
  • Ionic bond
    Ionic bond

    An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that involves a metal and a non-metal ions through electrostatic attraction. In short, it is a bond formed by the attraction between two oppositely charged ions....
    s
  • Kosher salt
    Kosher salt

    Koshering salt sometimes branded as Kosher salt in the USA, is a term that describes one of the most commonly used varieties of edible salt in commercial kitchens today....
  • Natron
    Natron

    Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate and about 17% sodium bicarbonate along with small quantities of household salt and sodium sulfate....
  • Old Salt Route
    Old Salt Route

    The Old Salt Route was a Middle Ages trade route and salt road in northern Germany for the transport of Edible salt. The salt, at that time also called "white gold", was mined near L?neburg....
  • Road salt
  • Salting the earth
    Salting the earth

    Salting the earth refers to the practice of spreading Sodium chloride on fields to make them incapable of being used for crop-growing. This was done in ancient times at the end of some wars as an extremely punitive scorched earth tactic....
     (the deliberate massive use of salt to render a soil unsuitable for cultivation and thus discourage habitation)
  • Sea salt
    Sea salt

    Sea salt, obtained by the evaporation of seawater, is used in cooking and cosmetics. Historically called bay salt, its mineral content gives it a different taste from table salt, which is pure sodium chloride, usually refined from mined rock salt or from sea salt....
  • Sodium
    Sodium

    Sodium is an element which has the symbol Na , atomic number 11, atomic mass 23 amu , and a common oxidation number +1. Sodium is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive element and is a member of the alkali metals within "group 1" ....
  • Table salt
  • Zwitterion
    Zwitterion

    A zwitterion is a chemical compound that carries a total net charge of 0, thus electrically neutral but carries Formal charge on different atoms....
  • Salinity
    Salinity

    Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. Salinity in Australian English and North American English may also refer to the salt in soil ....
  • Hypertension
    Hypertension

    Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated....