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A shin guard, shin pad or sport greave
Greave

A greave is a piece of armour that protects the leg. Often in matched pairs , greaves may be constructed of materials ranging from padded cloth to steel plate....
 is a piece of equipment commonly used in ice hockey
Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...
, roller hockey
Roller hockey

Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using skates with wheels. The term "Roller Hockey" is often used interchangeably to refer to two variant forms chiefly differentiated by the type of skate used....
, football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
, baseball
Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two team sport of nine players each. The goal of baseball is to score run by hitting a thrown Baseball with a baseball bat and touching a series of four markers called base arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. Players on one team take turns hitting against...
 and other sports where it is deemed necessary. They are used to protect the players' shin
Tibia

The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
s from the ball or a hockey stick
Hockey stick

A hockey stick is a piece of equipment used in field hockey, ice hockey, or roller hockey to move the ball or puck....
 in roller and field hockey, the puck or a hockey stick in ice hockey, and other players' tackles in football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
. They are usually secured on using velcro
Velcro

Velcro is a brand name of fabric hook-and-loop fasteners. It consists of two layers: a "hook" side, which is a piece of fabric covered with tiny hooks, and a "loop" side, which is covered with even smaller and "hairier" loops....
 straps. They have been made compulsory for most school, club and professional teams in order to reduce injuries.

The tibia
Tibia

The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
 is largely exposed along its anterior medial surface, i.e.






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A shin guard, shin pad or sport greave
Greave

A greave is a piece of armour that protects the leg. Often in matched pairs , greaves may be constructed of materials ranging from padded cloth to steel plate....
 is a piece of equipment commonly used in ice hockey
Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...
, roller hockey
Roller hockey

Roller hockey is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using skates with wheels. The term "Roller Hockey" is often used interchangeably to refer to two variant forms chiefly differentiated by the type of skate used....
, football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
, baseball
Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two team sport of nine players each. The goal of baseball is to score run by hitting a thrown Baseball with a baseball bat and touching a series of four markers called base arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. Players on one team take turns hitting against...
 and other sports where it is deemed necessary. They are used to protect the players' shin
Tibia

The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
s from the ball or a hockey stick
Hockey stick

A hockey stick is a piece of equipment used in field hockey, ice hockey, or roller hockey to move the ball or puck....
 in roller and field hockey, the puck or a hockey stick in ice hockey, and other players' tackles in football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
. They are usually secured on using velcro
Velcro

Velcro is a brand name of fabric hook-and-loop fasteners. It consists of two layers: a "hook" side, which is a piece of fabric covered with tiny hooks, and a "loop" side, which is covered with even smaller and "hairier" loops....
 straps. They have been made compulsory for most school, club and professional teams in order to reduce injuries.

The tibia
Tibia

The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
 is largely exposed along its anterior medial surface, i.e. it lies directly under the skin and lacks the cushioning afforded to other bones by surrounding muscles. Blows to the shin
Shin

Shin may refer to:* Shinbone, the larger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates* Shin Buddhism, a widely practiced branch of Buddhism...
 are therefore more liable to cause injury, even to the point of fracture
Bone fracture

A bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken. It is a break in the continuity of the bone. While many fractures are the result of high force impact force or Stress fracture, bone fracture can also occur as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, certain types of cance...
. Such injuries are also extremely painful, because the periosteum
Periosteum

Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bone, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
, the thin membrane on the surface of all bones, is a tissue abundant in pain receptors.