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The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
s in the leg
Leg

Leg may refer to the following places in Poland:*A former name for the town of Elk *Leg, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Leg, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ...
 below the knee
Knee

----The knee is the lower extremity joint connecting the femur, patella, and the tibia and the surrounding anatomical region which includes the popliteal fossa, also known as "knee pit"....
 in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones.

tibia is found medial and anterior to the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
. It is the second largest bone in the human body, the largest being the femur
Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs....
. The tibia articulates with the femur
Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs....
 and patella
Patella

The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint....
 superiorly, the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
 laterally and with the talus
Talus bone

The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the Lateral malleolus and Medial malleolus of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula....
 inferiorly.

he male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite side.






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The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
s in the leg
Leg

Leg may refer to the following places in Poland:*A former name for the town of Elk *Leg, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Leg, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ...
 below the knee
Knee

----The knee is the lower extremity joint connecting the femur, patella, and the tibia and the surrounding anatomical region which includes the popliteal fossa, also known as "knee pit"....
 in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones.

In humans

The tibia is found medial and anterior to the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
. It is the second largest bone in the human body, the largest being the femur
Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs....
. The tibia articulates with the femur
Femur

The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs....
 and patella
Patella

The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint....
 superiorly, the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
 laterally and with the talus
Talus bone

The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the Lateral malleolus and Medial malleolus of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula....
 inferiorly.

Gender differences

In the male, its direction is vertical, and parallel with the bone of the opposite side. In the female, it has a slightly oblique direction downward and lateralward, to compensate for the greater obliqueness of the femur.

Structure


It is prismoid in form, expanded above, where it enters into the knee-joint, contracted in the lower third, and again enlarged but to a lesser extent below.

The superior tibiofibular articulation
Superior tibiofibular articulation

The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula.The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments....
 is an arthrodial joint
Joint

A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally....
 between the lateral condyle
Lateral condyle

Lateral condyle can refer to:* Lateral condyle of tibia* Lateral condyle of femur* Lateral condyle on metatarsal...
 of the tibia and the head of the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
. The inferior tibiofibular articulation
Inferior tibiofibular articulation

The inferior tibiofibular articulation is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia....
 (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula
Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones....
, and a rough concave surface on the later side of the tibia. The tibia is connected to the fibula by an interosseous membrane
Interosseous membrane

An interosseous membrane is a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body. It is an important component of many joints....
, forming a type of joint called a syndesmoses
Syndesmoses

Syndesmoses are joints at which two bones are bound together by a ligament only. Syndesmoses are the most movable of the fibrous joints. The radius and ulna are bound to each other side by side, as are the tibia and fibula, by a syndesmosis in which the ligament forms a broad sheet called an interosseous membrane along the shafts of the two...
.

Blood supply

The tibia derives its arterial blood supply from two sources:
  1. the nutrient artery
    Nutrient artery

    The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals....
     (main source)
  2. periosteal vessels derived from the anterior tibial artery
    Anterior tibial artery

    The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and Dorsum surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery....


Additional images


See also

  • Bone terminology
    Bone

    Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
  • Terms for anatomical location
  • Ossification of tibia
    Ossification of tibia

    The tibia is ossified from three centers : one for the body and one for either extremity. Ossification begins in the center of the body, about the seventh week of fetal life, and gradually extends toward the extremities....
  • Upper extremity of tibia
    Upper extremity of tibia

    The upper extremity of the tibia is large, and expanded into two eminences, the medial condyle and lateral condyle....
  • Body of tibia
    Body of tibia

    The body of the tibia has three borders and three surfaces....
  • Lower extremity of tibia
    Lower extremity of tibia

    The lower extremity of the tibia, much smaller than the upper extremity of tibia, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process, the medial malleolus....
  • Shin Splints
    Shin splints

    Shin splints is a general term used to refer to a painful condition in the tibia. It is often caused by running or jumping, and may be very slow to heal....