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Mosan art or Rheno-Mosan art is a regional style of Romanesque art
Romanesque art

Romanesque art refers to the art of Western Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic Art in the 13th century, or later, depending on region....
 from the valleys of the Meuse
Meuse River

File:01-Namur-290305 JPG.jpgThe Meuse , is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea....
 and Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, in present-day Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, especially in Wallonia
Wallonia

Wallonia is the Francophone southern part of Belgium. This region makes up about 31% of the Belgian population.Since 1970, Wallonia has approximately coincided with the territory of the Walloon Region, which is a federated component of the Belgian state and provides a government and a parliament to both Wallonia and the smaller German-s...
, and the Rhineland
Rhineland

The Rhineland is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. After the collapse of the First French Empire in the early 19th century, the German-speaking regions at the middle and lower course of the Rhine were annexed to the kingdom of Prussia....
, with manuscript illumination, metalwork, and enamel work from the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.

The Mosan region was formed largely by the boundary of the Bishopric of Liège
Bishopric of Liège

The Bishopric of Li?ge or Prince-Bishopric of Li?ge was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium. It belonged from 1500 on to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle....
, which had political links to the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, and ecclesiastical links to the archbishop
Archbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others, this means that they lead a diocese of particular importance called an archdiocese, or in the Anglican Communion an Ecclesiastical Province, but this is not always the case....
 of Cologne
Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
. The region included also the city of Maastricht
Maastricht

Maastricht is a city and a municipality in the Netherlands province of Limburg , of which it is the Capital . The city is situated on both sides of the Meuse River river in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands, near the Belgium and Germany borders....
 which was governed in common by the Duchy of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of not only the three modern-day Belgium provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp as well as the Brussels-Capital Region, but also the present-day Netherlands province of North Brabant....
 and the Bishopric of Liège.

The Meuse valley lay in the heart of the Carolingian Empire
Carolingian Empire

Carolingian Empire is a historiography term sometimes used to refer to the Francia under the Carolingian dynasty. This dynasty is seen as the founders of France and Germany....
 and therefore the dominant style draws largely from the heritage of the Carolingian art
Carolingian art

Carolingian art is the roughly 120-year period from about Anno Domini 780 to 900 — during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs — popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance....
 tradition.






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Mosan art or Rheno-Mosan art is a regional style of Romanesque art
Romanesque art

Romanesque art refers to the art of Western Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic Art in the 13th century, or later, depending on region....
 from the valleys of the Meuse
Meuse River

File:01-Namur-290305 JPG.jpgThe Meuse , is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea....
 and Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, in present-day Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, especially in Wallonia
Wallonia

Wallonia is the Francophone southern part of Belgium. This region makes up about 31% of the Belgian population.Since 1970, Wallonia has approximately coincided with the territory of the Walloon Region, which is a federated component of the Belgian state and provides a government and a parliament to both Wallonia and the smaller German-s...
, and the Rhineland
Rhineland

The Rhineland is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. After the collapse of the First French Empire in the early 19th century, the German-speaking regions at the middle and lower course of the Rhine were annexed to the kingdom of Prussia....
, with manuscript illumination, metalwork, and enamel work from the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.

The Mosan region was formed largely by the boundary of the Bishopric of Liège
Bishopric of Liège

The Bishopric of Li?ge or Prince-Bishopric of Li?ge was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium. It belonged from 1500 on to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle....
, which had political links to the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, and ecclesiastical links to the archbishop
Archbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others, this means that they lead a diocese of particular importance called an archdiocese, or in the Anglican Communion an Ecclesiastical Province, but this is not always the case....
 of Cologne
Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
. The region included also the city of Maastricht
Maastricht

Maastricht is a city and a municipality in the Netherlands province of Limburg , of which it is the Capital . The city is situated on both sides of the Meuse River river in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands, near the Belgium and Germany borders....
 which was governed in common by the Duchy of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of not only the three modern-day Belgium provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp as well as the Brussels-Capital Region, but also the present-day Netherlands province of North Brabant....
 and the Bishopric of Liège.

The Meuse valley lay in the heart of the Carolingian Empire
Carolingian Empire

Carolingian Empire is a historiography term sometimes used to refer to the Francia under the Carolingian dynasty. This dynasty is seen as the founders of France and Germany....
 and therefore the dominant style draws largely from the heritage of the Carolingian art
Carolingian art

Carolingian art is the roughly 120-year period from about Anno Domini 780 to 900 — during the reign of Charlemagne and his immediate heirs — popularly known as the Carolingian Renaissance....
 tradition. Thus, Mosan art contains strong classical elements, which separate it from the international Romanesque art style seen elsewhere during the period in France (especially in Limoges
Limoges

Limoges is a city and Communes of France in France, the Prefectures in France of the Haute-Vienne Departments of France, and the administrative capital of the Limousin Regions of France....
, see for example ), Germany (see for example ), England and Italy. However, it shares with Romanesque elements, such as the treatment of space.

Goldsmith
Goldsmith

A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Since ancient times the techniques of a Goldsmith have evolved very little in order to produce items of jewelry of quality standards....
ery was the high art of the 12th century Meuse region, created on commission, often by traveling workshops. The quantity of work was low as few commissions were made, but always of exceptionally high quality; the Stavelot Triptych
Stavelot Triptych

The Stavelot Triptych is a medieval art intended to protect, honor and display pieces of the True Cross. Created by Mosan art—"Mosan" signifies the valley of the Meuse River— around 1156 at Stavelot Abbey in present-day Belgium....
 is an example of work done at this time.

The iconography
Iconography

Iconography is the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images. The word iconography literally means "image writing", and comes from the Ancient Greek e???? and ??afe?? ....
 of the Meuse valley is distinctive in its visual typological display of scenes from the New Testament and Old Testament.

The culmination of Mosan art was the work of Nicholas of Verdun
Nicholas of Verdun

Nicholas of Verdun was a France artist, one of the most famous goldsmiths and enamellists of the Middle Ages, a major figure in Romanesque art, and the leading figure of Mosan art in his day....
 (dated works between 1181-1205). The Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral
Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral

The Shrine of the Three Kings is a reliquary said to contain the bones of the Biblical Magi, also known as the Three Kings or the Three Wise Men....
 is an example of his work.

Mosan art examples

  • Brass baptismal fonts, executed by Reiner de Huy between 1107-1118 for the church of Notre-Dame-aux-Fonts, Liège (now in St Bartholomew's Church, Liège
    St Bartholomew's Church, Liège

    Founded outside the city walls, the Collegial Church of Saint Bartholemew in Li?ge , Belgium, was built in coal sandstone, from the late 11th century to the late 12th century , and underwent, like most religious buildings, modifications through the centuries....
    ).
  • Stavelot Triptych
    Stavelot Triptych

    The Stavelot Triptych is a medieval art intended to protect, honor and display pieces of the True Cross. Created by Mosan art—"Mosan" signifies the valley of the Meuse River— around 1156 at Stavelot Abbey in present-day Belgium....
    , 12th century
  • Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral
    Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral

    The Shrine of the Three Kings is a reliquary said to contain the bones of the Biblical Magi, also known as the Three Kings or the Three Wise Men....
    , 12-13th century, Nicholas of Verdun
  • Reliquary of St. Maurus
  • Floreffe Bible, 12th century
  • Stavelot Bible
    Stavelot Bible

    The Stavelot Bible is an Illuminated manuscript in two volumes. It was produced in the Stavelot monastery, in the Mosan art of modern Belgium, and required four years to complete, 1093-1097....
    , 11th century
  • The foot of a large cross from the monastery of Saint Bertin in Saint-Omer
    Saint-Omer

    Saint-Omer , a Communes of France and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais....
    , now in a museum there. c. 1180
  • Shrine of Saint Servatius
    Saint Servatius

    Saint Servatius was bishop of Tongeren—Roman Atuatuca Tungrorum the capital of the Tungri—one of the earliest dioceses in the Low Countries....
     (Maastricht
    Maastricht

    Maastricht is a city and a municipality in the Netherlands province of Limburg , of which it is the Capital . The city is situated on both sides of the Meuse River river in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands, near the Belgium and Germany borders....
    )
  • Shrine of Saint Remacle in Stavelot
    Stavelot

    Stavelot is a Wallonia municipality located in the Belgium province of Li?ge . On January 1 2006 Stavelot had a total population of 6,671. The total area is 85.07 square kilometre which gives a population density of 78 inhabitants per km?....
  • Retable of the Pentecost (1160-1170, Cluny Museum, Paris
    Paris

    Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
     -- )
  • Shrine of Saint Hadelin
    Saint Hadelin

    Saint Hadelin d. about 690, born in Gascony, was one of the scholarly, mostly Irish monks, who preached Christianity and started conversion work in what is now Belgium under the pagan invaders, as did Saint Servatius and Saint Remacle....
     (Visé
    Visé

    Vis? is a Wallonia municipality and City status in Belgium of Belgium, where it is located on the river Meuse river, in the province of Li?ge ....
    )