Thomas Brassey

Thomas Brassey

Thomas Brassey was an English civil engineering contractor and manufacturer of building materials who was responsible for building much of the world's railways in the 19th century. By 1847, he had built about one-third of the railways in Britain, and by time of his death in 1870 he had built one...

(7 November 1805 – 8 December 1870) was an English civil engineering

Civil engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...

 contractor

General contractor

A general contractor is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and communication of information to involved parties throughout the course of a building project.-Description:...

 and manufacturer of building materials who was responsible for building a large portion of the world's railways

Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on...

 in the 19th century. For some of these constructions he was the sole contractor but he usually worked in partnership with other contractors, particularly Peto

Samuel Morton Peto

Sir Samuel Morton Peto, 1st Baronet was an English entrepreneur and civil engineer in the 19th century. A partner in Grissell and Peto, he managed construction firms that built many major buildings and monuments in London...

 and Betts

Edward Betts

Edward Ladd Betts was an English civil engineering contractor who was mainly involved in the building of railways.-Early life:...

.

Railways and associated structures

Brassey arranged the building of over 8500 miles (13,679.4 km) of railway tracks. By 1847 he had built one third of the railways in the United Kingdom and by the time of his death he had built one in twenty of the miles of railway in the world. He also built structures associated with railways - bridges, stations, etc. - and non-railway related structures. The following is an incomplete list of his projects. For the British railways the dates given are the date of the relevant Act of Parliament; for railways elsewhere and for other structures the date given is the date of the contract.

1830s

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Grand Junction Railway Grand Junction Railway The Grand Junction Railway was an early railway company in the United Kingdom, which existed between 1833 and 1846 when it was merged into the London and North Western Railway...  (part)	1833	10	16
London and Southampton Railway (part)	1834	36	58
Chester and Crewe Railway Chester and Crewe Railway The Chester and Crewe Railway was an early British railway company absorbed by the Grand Junction Railway in 1840. The line was 11 miles in length, the engineer was Robert Stephenson and the contractor for the work was Thomas Brassey...	1837	11	18
Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway The Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway was an early railway, which merged with the Caledonian Railway. It was created to provide train services between Greenock and Glasgow.-History:...  (part)	1837	7	11
Sheffield and Manchester Railway	1837	19	31

1840s

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Lancaster and Carlisle Railway The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway was a British railway company authorised on 6 June 1844 to build a line between Lancaster and Carlisle in North-West England...	1844	70	113
Colchester and Ipswich Railway	1844	16	26
Chester and Holyhead Railway Chester and Holyhead Railway The Chester and Holyhead Railway was incorporated out of a proposal to link Holyhead, the traditional port for the Irish Mail, with London by way of the existing Chester and Crewe Railway, and what is now the West Coast Main Line...	1844	31	50
Ipswich and Bury Railway	1845	27	43
Kendal and Windermere Railway Kendal and Windermere Railway The Kendal and Windermere Railway is a railway in Cumbria in north-west England. It was built as a railway from the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway at Oxenholme via Kendal to near Windermere, opening fully in April 1847. The engineer was Joseph Locke and the partnership of contractors consisted of...	1845	12	19
Trent Valley Railway	1845	50	80
Caledonian Railway Caledonian Railway The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...  (First contract)	1845	125	201
Clydesdale Junction Railway Clydesdale Junction Railway The Clydesdale Junction Railway was a railway company in Scotland that was formed to run trains between Rutherglen and Motherwell, North Lanarkshire.- History :It received its Royal Assent on 31 July 1845....	1845	15	24
North Wales Mineral Extension Railway	1845	5	8
Scottish Midland Junction Railway Scottish Midland Junction Railway The Scottish Midland Junction Railway was authorised on 31 July 1845 to link Scottish Central Railway at Perth to the Aberdeen Railway at Forfar. It opened on 4 August 1848, having incorporated the Newtyle, Eassie and Glamiss Railway and Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway between Coupar Angus and...	1845	33	53
Scottish Central Railway Scottish Central Railway The Scottish Central Railway was formed in 1845 to link the Caledonian Railway near Castlecary to the Scottish Midland Junction Railway at Perth...	1845	47	76
Haughley and Norwich Railway	1845	33	53
Shrewsbury and Chester Railway Shrewsbury to Chester Line The Shrewsbury to Chester Line, also known as the Severn–Dee Line , was built in 1846 as the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway...	1846	35	56
Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway The Liverpool, Ormskirk & Preston Railway was formed in 1846. It was purchased by the East Lancashire Railway. Today the line still operates, with the section between Liverpool and Ormskirk forming part of Merseyrail's Northern Line and the section between Ormskirk and Preston forming Northern...	1846	30	48
North Staffordshire Railway North Staffordshire Railway The North Staffordshire Railway was a British railway company formed in 1845 to promote a number of lines in the Staffordshire Potteries and surrounding areas in Staffordshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire and Shropshire....	1846	48	77
Buckinghamshire Railway	1846	40	64
Mineral Line (Wales)	1846	6.5	10
Great Northern Railway Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) The Great Northern Railway was a British railway company established by the Great Northern Railway Act of 1846. On 1 January 1923 the company lost its identity as a constituent of the newly formed London and North Eastern Railway....	1846	75	121
Royston and Hitchin Railway	1846	13	21
Shepreth Shepreth Shepreth is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, lying halfway between Cambridge and Royston.-History:The parish of Shepreth is roughly-rectangular and covers 1318 acres...  Extension Railway	1846	5	8
Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway Welsh Marches Line The Welsh Marches Line , known historically as the North and West Route, is the railway line running from Newport in south-east Wales to Shrewsbury in the West Midlands region of England by way of Abergavenny, Hereford and Craven Arms, and thence to Crewe via Whitchurch...	1846	51	82
Denny Denny, Falkirk Denny is a town in the Falkirk council area of Scotland, formerly in the county of Stirlingshire. It is situated west of Falkirk, and north-east of Cumbernauld, adjacent to both the M80 and M876 motorways...  Branches	1846	3.5	6
Birkenhead and Chester Junction Railway	1847	17.5	28
Leicester and Hitchin Railway Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) The Great Northern Railway was a British railway company established by the Great Northern Railway Act of 1846. On 1 January 1923 the company lost its identity as a constituent of the newly formed London and North Eastern Railway....	1847	62.5	101
Hooton and Parkgate Railway	1847	5	8
Richmond and Windsor Railway	1847	15	24
London and Southampton Railway Loop line	1847	7	11
Shrewsbury Extension Railway	1847	3	5
Blackwall Extension Railway	1847	1.75	3
Oswestry Branch Railway	1848	2	3

1850s

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
North and South-Western Junction Railway	1851	4	6
Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway	1851	30	48
Harleston and Beccles Railway Waveney Valley Line The Waveney Valley Line was a branch line running from in Norfolk to Beccles in Suffolk connecting the Great Eastern Main Line at Tivetshall with the East Suffolk Line at . It provided services to Norwich, Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Ipswich and many other smaller towns in Suffolk with additional...	1851	13	21
London, Tilbury and Southend Railway London, Tilbury and Southend Railway The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway is an English railway line linking Fenchurch Street railway station in the City of London with northeast London and the entire length of the northern Thames Gateway area of southern Essex. It is currently known as the Essex Thameside Route by Network Rail...	1852	50	80
Warrington and Stockport Railway	1853	12	19
Bideford Extension	1853	6	10
Crystal Palace and West-end Railway	1853	5	8
Crewe and Shrewsbury Railway Welsh Marches Line The Welsh Marches Line , known historically as the North and West Route, is the railway line running from Newport in south-east Wales to Shrewsbury in the West Midlands region of England by way of Abergavenny, Hereford and Craven Arms, and thence to Crewe via Whitchurch...	1853	32.5	52
Portsmouth Direct Railway Portsmouth Direct Line The Portsmouth Direct Line is the route of a railway service operated by South West Trains which runs between London Waterloo and Portsmouth Harbour, England...	1853	33	53
Worcester and Hereford Railway Cotswold Line The Cotswold Line is an railway line between and in England.-Route:The line comprises all or part of the following Network Rail routes:*GW 200 from Oxford*GW 310 from Wolvercot Junction*GW 300 from Norton Junction*GW 340 from Worcester Shrub Hill...	1853	26	42
Severn Valley Railway Severn Valley Railway The Severn Valley Railway is a heritage railway in Shropshire and Worcestershire, England. The line runs along the Severn Valley from Bridgnorth to Kidderminster, following the course of the River Severn for much of its route...	1853	42	68
Coalbrookdale Railway	1853	5	8
Woodford and Loughton Railway	1853	7.5	12
East Suffolk Railway	1854	63	101
Inverness and Nairn Railway Inverness and Nairn Railway The Inverness and Nairn Railway was a railway worked by, and later absorbed by the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway.- History :The line was opened in the year 1855 and connected the towns of Inverness and Nairn. Opening had been delayed from 1 August 1855 due to delays in the contractor's...	1854	16	26
Leominster and Kington Railway	1854	14	23
Salisbury and Yeovil Railway Salisbury and Yeovil Railway The Salisbury and Yeovil Railway linked Salisbury , Gillingham and Yeovil in England. Opened in stages in 1859 and 1860, it formed a bridge route between the main London and South Western Railway network and its lines in Devon and Cornwall. Its trains were operated by the LSWR and it was sold to...	1854	40	64
Stokes Bay Stokes Bay Stokes Bay is an area of the Solent that lies just south of Gosport, between Portsmouth and Lee-on-the-Solent, Hampshire. There is a shingle beach that has a great view of Ryde and East Cowes on the Isle of Wight to the south and also Fawley in the south west. The village of Alverstoke is close by...  Pier and Branch Railway	1855	2	3
Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway is an historic railway in Scotland.- History :It was authorised by an Act of Parliament on 21 July 1856 as an extension to the Inverness and Nairn Railway, the line was opened in stages:...	1856	40	64
Leatherhead, Epsom and Wimbledon Railway	1856	10	16
Cannock Mineral Railway Cannock Mineral Railway The Cannock Mineral Railway ran from a junction with the South Staffordshire Railway at Cannock though Cannock Chase to a junction with the London & North Western Company's Trent Valley Line at Rugeley. It was authorised by The Cannock Mineral Railway Act, 1855.The line was originally authorised...	1857	10	16
Portpatrick Railway Portpatrick Railway The Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway, often known as the Port Road, was a railway in south-west Scotland, which linked Dumfries, via Castle Douglas, with the port towns of Portpatrick and Stranraer...	1857	17	27
Knighton Railway	1858	12	19
Woofferton and Tenbury Railway	1859	5	8
Wenlock Railway	1859	4	6
Nuneaton and Hinckley Railway Birmingham to Peterborough Line The Birmingham to Peterborough Line is a cross-country railway line in the United Kingdom, linking Birmingham to Peterborough, via Nuneaton and Leicester....	1859	5	8
South Staffordshire Railway South Staffordshire Railway The South Staffordshire Railway was the railway company responsible for building several lines in and around the area of Staffordshire, England.The Chief Engineer was John Robinson McClean...	1861	4	6
Llangollen Railway Llangollen Railway The Llangollen Railway is a volunteer-run preserved railway in Denbighshire, Wales, which operates between Llangollen and Carrog; at long, it is the longest preserved standard gauge line in Wales and operates daily in Summer as well as weekends throughout the Winter months using a wide variety of...	1859	6	10
Ringwood and Christchurch Railway	1859	8	13
West London Railway (Extension)	1859	9	14
Tendring Hundred Railway	1859	3	5

1860s

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Ashchurch and Evesham Railway	1862	11	18
Epping and Ongar Railway	1859	13	21
South Leicester Railway	1860	10	16
Tenbury and Bewdley Railway	1860	15	24
Llangollen and Corwen Railway Llangollen and Corwen railway The Llangollen and Corwen Railway was formed as a continuation of the Vale of Llangollen Railway to continue the line along the Dee Valley a further to Corwen. This was opened on 1 May 1865 and was worked by the Great Western Railway and subsequently the Western Region of British Railways.A...	1860	10	16
Cannock Chase Railway	1860	3	5
Disley and Hayfield Railway	1860	3.5	6
Nantwich and Market Drayton Railway	1861	11	18
Wenlock and Craven Arms Railway	1861	14	23
Ludlow and Clee Hill Railway Clee Hill Junction Clee Hill Junction was a railway junction in Shropshire, England, where the line from Titterstone Clee Hill joined the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway, a LNWR/GWR joint line. It was situated just to the north of . The line to Clee Hill ran up from the village of Bitterley, where a marshalling yard...	1861	16	26
Dunmow Railway	1864	19	31
Enniskillen and Bundoran Railway Enniskillen and Bundoran Railway The Enniskillen and Bundoran Railway was an Irish gauge railway company in north-west Ireland. It linked Bundoran and Ballyshannon on the Atlantic coast of Donegal with the Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway at in Fermanagh...	1861	36	58
Moreton Hampstead Railway	1862	12	19
Wellington and Market Drayton Railway	1862	16	26
Bala and Dolgelly Railway	1862	18	29
Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway	1863	4	6
Evesham and Redditch Railway	1863	18	29
Kensington and Richmond Railway (and Spurs)	1864	7	11
Silverdale Railway	1864	13	21
Wolverhampton and Walsall Railway Wolverhampton and Walsall Railway The Wolverhampton and Walsall Railway was incorporated in 1865 in order to connect the city of Wolverhampton, England with nearby towns such as Walsall, Willenhall and Wednesfield.-The route:...	1865	7	11
East London Railway East London Line The East London Line is a London Overground line which runs north to south through the East End, Docklands and South areas of London.Built in 1869 by the East London Railway Company, which reused the Thames Tunnel, originally intended for horse-drawn carriages, the line became part of the London...	1865	2.5	4

Unknown dates

Railway	Length
	miles	kilometres
North Devon Railway North Devon Railway The North Devon Railway was a British railway company which operated a line from Cowley Bridge Junction, near Exeter, to Bideford in Devon, later becoming part of the London and South Western Railway's system...	47	76
Woodbridge Extension Railway	10	16
Kingston Extension Railway	4	6
Sudbury, Bury St Edmunds and Cambridge Railway	48	77
Chertsey Extension Railway	3	5
London and Bedford Railway Midland Main Line The Midland Main Line is a major railway route in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system.The present-day line links London St...	50	80
Runcorn Branch Railway	9	14
Sirhowy Railway Sirhowy Valley The Sirhowy Valley is an industrialised valley in the eastern part of the Valleys region of South Wales. It is named from the Sirhowy River which runs through it. Its upper reaches are occupied by the town of Tredegar within the unitary area of Blaenau Gwent...	2	3
Hull and Doncaster Railway	15	24
Arpley Branch Railway, Warrington	1.5	2
Ebbw Vale Railway	2	3
Hereford Loop Railway	2	3
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway was a major British railway company before the 1923 Grouping. It was incorporated in 1847 from an amalgamation of several existing railways...	93	150
Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilson Railway	11	18

France

75 per cent of the total mileage, including:

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Paris Paris Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...  and Rouen Rouen Rouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...  Railway	1841	82	132
Orléans Orléans -Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...  and Bordeaux Bordeaux Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...  Railway	1842	294	473
Rouen and Le Havre Le Havre Le Havre is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total...  Railway	1843	58	93
Amiens Amiens Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...  and Boulogne Railway	1844	53	85
Rouen and Dieppe Dieppe, Seine-Maritime Dieppe is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in France. In 1999, the population of the whole Dieppe urban area was 81,419.A port on the English Channel, famous for its scallops, and with a regular ferry service from the Gare Maritime to Newhaven in England, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled...  Railway	1847	31	50
Mantes and Caen Caen Caen is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Basse-Normandie region. It is located inland from the English Channel....  Railway	1852	113	182
Le Mans Le Mans Le Mans is a city in France, located on the Sarthe River. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.Its inhabitants are called Manceaux...  and Mezidon Railway	1852	84	135
Lyon Lyon Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais.... s and Avignon Avignon Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...  Railway	1852	67	108
Sambre Sambre The Sambre is a river in northern France and Wallonia, southern Belgium, left tributary of the Meuse River. The ancient Romans called the river Sabis.-Course:...  and Meuse Meuse Meuse is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse.-History:Meuse is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...  Railway	1853	28	45
Caen to Cherbourg Cherbourg-Octeville -Main sights:* La Glacerie has a race track.* The Cité de la Mer is a large museum devoted to scientific and historical aspects of maritime subjects.* Cherbourg Basilica* Jardin botanique de la Roche Fauconnière, a private botanical garden.* Le Trident theatre...	1855	94	151
Dieppe Railway (laying second road)	1860

Elsewhere in Europe

Railway	Country	Date	Length
			miles	kilometres
Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...  and Mataró Mataró Mataró is the capital and largest city of the comarca of the Maresme, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia Autonomous Community, Spain. It is located on the Costa del Maresme, to the south of Costa Brava, between Cabrera de Mar and Sant Andreu de Llavaneres, to the north-east of Barcelona. , it...  Railway	Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...	1848	18	29
Prato Prato Prato is a city and comune in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. The city is situated at the foot of Monte Retaia , the last peak in the Calvana chain. The lowest altitude in the comune is 32 m, near the Cascine di Tavola, and the highest is the peak of Monte Cantagrillo...  and Pistoja Railway	Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...	1850	10	16
Norwegian Railway	Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...	1851	56	90
Dutch Rhenish Railway	Holland Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...	1852	43	69
Turin Turin Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...  and Novara Novara Novara is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With c. 105,000 inhabitants, it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin. It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin...  Railway	Italy	1853	60	97
Royal Danish Railway	Denmark Denmark Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...	1853	75	121
Central Italian Railway	Italy	1854	52	84
Turin and Susa Susa, Italy Susa is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy. It is situated on at the confluence of the Cenischia with the Dora Riparia, a tributary of the Po River, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, 51 km west of Turin.-History:...  Railway	Italy	1854	34	55
Elizabeth and Linz Linz Linz is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria . It is located in the north centre of Austria, approximately south of the Czech border, on both sides of the river Danube. The population of the city is , and that of the Greater Linz conurbation is about...  Railway	Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...	1856	40	64
Bilbao Bilbao Bilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...  and Miranda Belmonte de Miranda Belmonte de Miranda is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Salas, on the east by Grado, to the south by Somiedo and Teverga, and on the west by Tineo....  Railway	Spain	1858	66	106
Victor Emmanuel Railway	Italy	1859	73	117
Ivrea Ivrea Ivrea is a town and comune of the province of Turin in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. Situated on the road leading to the Aosta Valley , it straddles the Dora Baltea and is regarded as the centre of the Canavese area. Ivrea lies in a basin that, in prehistoric times, formed a great lake...  Railway	Italy	1859	19	31
Jutland Jutland Jutland , historically also called Cimbria, is the name of the peninsula that juts out in Northern Europe toward the rest of Scandinavia, forming the mainland part of Denmark. It has the North Sea to its west, Kattegat and Skagerrak to its north, the Baltic Sea to its east, and the Danish–German...  Railway	Denmark	1860	270	435
Maremma Maremma The Maremma is a vast area in Italy bordering the Tyrrhenian Sea, consisting of part of south-western Tuscany - Maremma Livornese and Maremma Grossetana , and part of northern Lazio - Maremma Laziale .The poet Dante Alighieri in his Divina Commedia places the...  and Leghorn Livorno Livorno , traditionally Leghorn , is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of approximately 160,000 residents in 2009.- History :...  Railway	Italy	1860	138	222
Meridionale Railway	Italy	1863	160	257
North Schleswig Railway	Denmark	1863	70	113
Lemberg and Czernowitz Railway	Austrian Empire Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...  (now Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... }	1864	165	266
Viersen Viersen Viersen is the capital of the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.-Geography:Viersen is situated approximately 8 km north-west of Mönchengladbach, 15 km south-west of Krefeld and 20 km east of Venlo ....  and Venlo Venlo Venlo is a municipality and a city in the southeastern Netherlands, next to the German border. It is situated in the province of Limburg.In 2001, the municipalities of Belfeld and Tegelen were merged into the municipality of Venlo. Tegelen was originally part of the Duchy of Jülich centuries ago,...  Railway	Now in Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...  to Netherlands	1864	11	18
Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...  and Terespol Terespol Terespol is a town in eastern Poland on the border with Belarus. It lies on the border river Bug, directly opposite the city of Brest, Belarus...  Railway	Poland Poland Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...	1865	128	206
Kronprinz Rudolph Railway		1867	272	438
Czernowitz Chernivtsi Chernivtsi is the administrative center of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. The city is situated on the upper course of the River Prut, a tributary of the Danube, in the northern part of the historic region of Bukovina, which is currently divided between Romania and Ukraine...  and Suczawa Suceava Suceava is the Suceava County seat in Bukovina, Moldavia region, in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1388 to 1565.-History:...  Railway	Austrian Empire (now Ukraine)	1867	60	97
Vorarlberg Vorarlberg Vorarlberg is the westernmost federal-state of Austria. Although it is the second smallest in terms of area and population , it borders three countries: Germany , Switzerland and Liechtenstein...  Railway	Austria	1870	55	89
Suczawa Suceava Suceava is the Suceava County seat in Bukovina, Moldavia region, in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1388 to 1565.-History:...  and Jassy Iasi Iași is the second most populous city and a municipality in Romania. Located in the historical Moldavia region, Iași has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life...  Railway	Romania Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...	1870	135	217

Canada

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Grand Trunk Railway Grand Trunk Railway The Grand Trunk Railway was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American states of Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The railway was operated from headquarters in Montreal, Quebec; however, corporate... , Quebec Quebec Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....  to Toronto Toronto Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...	1854–1860	539	867

Argentina

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Central Argentine Railway Central Argentine Railway The Central Argentine Railway was one of the Big Four broad gauge, , British-owned companies that built and operated railway networks in Argentina...	1864	247	398
La Boca and Barracas Railway	1865	3	5

Australia

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Great Northern Main North railway line, New South Wales The Main North Line is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Central Coast, Hunter and the New England regions. The line was the original main line between Sydney and Brisbane, however this required a change of gauge at Wallangarra... , Great Eastern and Great Southern Railways, New South Wales	1859	54	87
Queensland Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...  Railway	1863	78	126

India

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Eastern Bengal Railway	1858	112	180
Delhi Delhi Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...  Railway	1864	304	489
Chord Railway Grand Chord Grand Chord- also known as The Life line of India is a section of the Indian Railways and is one of the two parts of the main Delhi-Howrah route. It acts as a link between Sitarampur, and Mughal Sarai, Uttar Pradesh, and covers a stretch of 450 km...	1865	147	237

Mauritius

Railway	Date	Length
		miles	kilometres
Mauritius Mauritius Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...  Railway	1862	64	103

Tunnels

Tunnel	Line & Country	Date	Length
Shugborough Tunnel	Trent Valley Line Trent Valley line The Trent Valley Line is a railway line between Rugby and Stafford in England, forming part of the West Coast Main Line.The line was electrified on 25 kV AC system during the 1960s, in the wake of the 1955 British Rail modernisation plan.... , England	1847	2331 ft (710.5 m)
Hausenstein Tunnel	Basle to Olten Olten Olten is a town in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland and capital of the district of the same name.Olten's railway station is within 30 minutes of Zurich, Bern, Basel, and Lucerne by train, and is a rail hub of Switzerland.-History:...  line, Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....	1853	1.5 miles (2 km)
Bellegarde Tunnel	France	1854	2.5 miles (4 km)

Stations

Many hundreds, including:

Station	Date	Notes
Trent Valley Line Stations	1847
Chester Chester railway station Chester railway station is a railway station in Newtown in the city of Chester, England. It is currently operated by Arriva Trains Wales, although Merseyrail, Northern Rail and Virgin Trains also run services from the station. It is situated to the north-east of the city centre...	1848	had the longest platforms in the country at the time of its opening
Caledonian Railway Stations and Maintenance	1848
Shrewsbury Shrewsbury railway station Shrewsbury railway station is the railway station serving Shrewsbury, county town of Shropshire, England. It is the only remaining railway station in the town; Shrewsbury Abbey, as well as other small stations around the town, having long closed. The station was built in 1848 and has been extended...	1848
Salisbury Salisbury railway station Salisbury is a railway station serving the city of Salisbury, Wiltshire. Located southwest of London Waterloo, the station is the crossing point of the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line...	1859
Nantwich Nantwich railway station Nantwich railway station, which was opened on 2 September 1858, serves the town of Nantwich in Cheshire, and is on the Crewe to Shrewsbury line...

Viaducts and other structures

Many, including:

Structure	Date	Line
Penkridge viaduct	1837	Grand Junction Railway
Malaunay Malaunay -Places of interest:* The church of St.Nicolas, dating from the nineteenth century.* An old manorhouse.-External links:* *...  viaduct	1844	Paris to Le Havre railway
Mirville Viaduct	1844	Paris to Le Havre railway
Brantham Cutting, Manningtree	1845
Austreberth Bridge	1847	Paris to Le Havre railway
Cefn Mawr Cefn Mawr Cefn Mawr is a large village in the community of Cefn within the County Borough of Wrexham, Wales. Its name translates as "great ridge".The community of Cefn comprises the villages of Cefn Mawr, Cefn-bychan , Acrefair, Penybryn, Newbridge, Plasmadoc and Rhosymedre and is situated on the northern...  viaduct	1848	Chester to Shrewsbury railway
Chirk Chirk Chirk is a small town and local government community, the lowest tier of local government, part of Wrexham County Borough in Wales. It has a population of over 4,000....  Viaduct	1859
Welwyn (or Digswell) Viaduct Welwyn Viaduct The Welwyn Viaduct, also called Digswell Viaduct is a railway viaduct that carries the East Coast Main Line over the River Mimram and a locally important landmark. It is located between Welwyn Garden City and Digswell...

Bridges

Again a large number, including:

Structure	Date
Bury Saint Edmunds Station Bridge	1846
Richmond Richmond Railway Bridge Richmond Railway Bridge in Richmond, south-west London crosses the River Thames immediately upstream of Twickenham Bridge. It carries National Rail services operated by South West Trains from London Waterloo to Reading, and lies between Richmond and St. Margarets stations.After the railway came to...	1848
Barnes	1849
Coghines Bridge, Italy	1855
Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire The Victoria Bridge is a 200 ft single span railway bridge crossing the River Severn between Arley and Bewdley in Worcestershire. Opened for traffic on 31 January 1861, the original railway line was closed in 1963. The bridge now carries the operational heritage Severn Valley Railway...	1861
Severn Severn Railway Bridge The Severn Railway Bridge was a crossing across the River Severn between Sharpness and Lydney, Gloucestershire. It was badly damaged in an accident involving river barges in 1960 and demolished in 1970.-Construction:...	1861
Stonework for the Runcorn bridge Runcorn Railway Bridge The Runcorn Railway Bridge, which is also known as the Ethelfleda Bridge or the Britannia Bridge, crosses the River Mersey at Runcorn Gap from Runcorn to Widnes in Cheshire, England. It was built for the London and North Western Railway to a design by William Baker, chief engineer of the railway...	1868
Kew	1869

Non-railway projects

Structure	Date	Notes
Bromborough Road, Cheshire	1834	including Saughall Massie Saughall Massie Saughall Massie is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, England. It is bordered by Greasby, Meols, Moreton and Upton. The village is part of the Moreton West & Saughall Massie Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and the parliamentary constituency of Wallasey...  road bridge
Greenock Greenock Greenock is a town and administrative centre in the Inverclyde council area in United Kingdom, and a former burgh within the historic county of Renfrewshire, located in the west central Lowlands of Scotland...  Harbour	1845
Birkenhead Birkenhead Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool...  Docks	1850
Victoria Docks Royal Victoria Dock The Royal Victoria Dock is the largest of three docks in the Royal Docks of east London, now part of the redeveloped Docklands.-History:... , London London London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...	1851	over 100 acres (40.5 ha), with associated warehousing
Minories Minories The Minories is the name of both an area and street in the City of London close to the Tower of London. The street called Minories runs north-south between Aldgate and Tower Hill underground stations...  Warehouses	1857
Ludlow Ludlow Ludlow is a market town in Shropshire, England close to the Welsh border and in the Welsh Marches. It lies within a bend of the River Teme, on its eastern bank, forming an area of and centred on a small hill. Atop this hill is the site of Ludlow Castle and the market place...  Drainage	1861
Metropolitan Mid Level Sewer, London London sewerage system The London sewerage system is part of the water infrastructure serving London. The modern system was developed during the late 19th century, and as London has grown the system has been expanded.-History:...	1861	12 miles (19 km)
Rio Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...  Drainage	1862
Barrow Barrow-in-Furness Barrow-in-Furness is an industrial town and seaport which forms about half the territory of the wider Borough of Barrow-in-Furness in the county of Cumbria, England. It lies north of Liverpool, northwest of Manchester and southwest from the county town of Carlisle...  Docks	1863
Worm Drainage	1863
Letton Drainage	1864
Dee Reclamation Works	1865
Calcutta Kolkata Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...  Waterworks	1865
Victoria Embankment Victoria Embankment The Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and river walk along the north bank of the River Thames in London. Victoria Embankment extends from the City of Westminster into the City of London.-Construction:... , London	1866
Nepean Bridge Victoria Bridge (Penrith) Victoria Bridge, also known as the Nepean River Bridge, is a wrought iron girder bridge which crosses the Nepean River in the western suburb of Penrith in Sydney, Australia...	1869
Callao Callao Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...  Docks, Peru Peru Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....	1870