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Livorno or (in English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
) Leghorn is a port
Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
 city on the Tyrrhenian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea

The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.It is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia , Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria , and Sicily ....
 on the western edge of Tuscany
Tuscany

Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of and a population of about 3.6 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence.Tuscany is known for its landscapes and its artistic legacy....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno
Province of Livorno

The Province of Livorno or Leghorn is a Provinces of Italy in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Livorno.It has an area of 1,218 km?, and a total population of 326,444 ....
 and the third-largest port on the western coast of Italy, having a population of approximately 170,000 residents as of the year 2007.

History
Livorno was defined as an "ideal
Ideal (ethics)

An ideal is a principle or Value that one actively pursues as a Objective . Ideals are particularly important in ethics, as the order in which one places them tends to determine the degree to which one reveals them as real and sincere....
 town" during the Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe....
. Today, it reveals its history through the structure of its neighbourhood
Neighbourhood

A neighbourhood or neighborhood is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town or suburb. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members....
s, crossed by canal
Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
s and surrounded by fortified
Fortification

Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs....
 town walls, through the tangle of its street
Street

A street is a public thoroughfare in the built environment. It is a public parcel of landform adjoining buildings in an urban area context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about....
s, which embroider the town's Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
 district, and through the Medici
Medici

The M?dici family was a powerful and influential Florence family from the 14th to 18th century. The family had three popes , numerous rulers of Florence and later members of the French and English royalty....
 Port characteristically overlooked by tower
Tower

Towers are tall human-made structures that are always taller than they are wide, usually by a significant margin. Towers are generally built to take advantage of their height, and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure....
s and fortresses leading to the town centre
Town centre

The town centre is the term used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and mainland Europe to refer to the commerce or geographical centre of a town. In some areas of Canada?particularly large, urban areas?town centres refer to alternate commercial areas to the city's downtown....
.






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Encyclopedia


Livorno or (in English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
) Leghorn is a port
Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
 city on the Tyrrhenian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea

The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.It is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia , Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria , and Sicily ....
 on the western edge of Tuscany
Tuscany

Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of and a population of about 3.6 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence.Tuscany is known for its landscapes and its artistic legacy....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno
Province of Livorno

The Province of Livorno or Leghorn is a Provinces of Italy in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Livorno.It has an area of 1,218 km?, and a total population of 326,444 ....
 and the third-largest port on the western coast of Italy, having a population of approximately 170,000 residents as of the year 2007.

History


Livorno was defined as an "ideal
Ideal (ethics)

An ideal is a principle or Value that one actively pursues as a Objective . Ideals are particularly important in ethics, as the order in which one places them tends to determine the degree to which one reveals them as real and sincere....
 town" during the Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 13th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe....
. Today, it reveals its history through the structure of its neighbourhood
Neighbourhood

A neighbourhood or neighborhood is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town or suburb. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members....
s, crossed by canal
Canal

Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canals: Aqueduct canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans....
s and surrounded by fortified
Fortification

Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defense in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs....
 town walls, through the tangle of its street
Street

A street is a public thoroughfare in the built environment. It is a public parcel of landform adjoining buildings in an urban area context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about....
s, which embroider the town's Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
 district, and through the Medici
Medici

The M?dici family was a powerful and influential Florence family from the 14th to 18th century. The family had three popes , numerous rulers of Florence and later members of the French and English royalty....
 Port characteristically overlooked by tower
Tower

Towers are tall human-made structures that are always taller than they are wide, usually by a significant margin. Towers are generally built to take advantage of their height, and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure....
s and fortresses leading to the town centre
Town centre

The town centre is the term used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and mainland Europe to refer to the commerce or geographical centre of a town. In some areas of Canada?particularly large, urban areas?town centres refer to alternate commercial areas to the city's downtown....
. Designed by the architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
 Bernardo Buontalenti
Bernardo Buontalenti

Bernardo Buontalenti, byname of Bernardo Delle Girandole was an Italy stage designer, architect, theatrical designer, military engineer and artist....
 at the end of the 16th century, Livorno underwent a period of great town planning expansion at the end of the 17th century. Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress, together with the town-walls and the system of navigable canals, was then built.

In the late 1580s, Ferdinando I
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany....
 de Medici
Medici

The M?dici family was a powerful and influential Florence family from the 14th to 18th century. The family had three popes , numerous rulers of Florence and later members of the French and English royalty....
 declared Livorno a "porto Franco", which meant that the goods trade
Trade

Tradeis the willing exchange of goods, Service , or both. Trade is also called commerce. A mechanism that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter , the direct exchange of goods and services....
d here were duty free. The "Leggi Livornine" were law
LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
s which ruled between 1590 and 1603. These laws helped the trading activities of the merchant
Merchant

Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit....
, freedom of religion
Freedom of religion

Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in religious education, practice, worship, and observance....
 and amnesty
Amnesty

Amnesty is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to the positions of innocent persons....
 for some penance
Penance

Penance is repentance of sins as well as the proper name of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession....
. Thanks to these laws, Livorno became a cosmopolitan city and one of the most important ports of the entire Mediterranean area. Many foreigner
Foreigner

Foreigner may refer to:*Alien , a person who is not a native or naturalized citizen of the land where they reside*Foreigner , a popular rock band in the '70s and '80s...
s moved to Livorno; Armenians
Armenians

The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
, Dutch
Dutch people

The Dutch are the people native to the Netherlands, a country in north-western Europe.Dutch people, or descendants of Dutch people, are also found in migrant communities world wide,See the Dutch #Dutch diaspora. and form a mentionable part of the population of Canada,Australia, South Africa and the United States....
, English
English people

The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England who speak English language in England. The English identity as a people is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn....
, Greeks, and Jews, were among those who relocated to live and trade. Some Morisco
Morisco

A morisco or mourisco was any Muslim of Spain or Portugal who converted to Catholicism during the reconquista of Spain. The term also became a pejorative applied to those who had converted but were suspected of secretly practicing Islam....
s (Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
 Spaniards forcibly converted
Converso

Conversos and its feminine form conversa referred to Jews or Muslims or the descendants of Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain and Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries....
 to Catholicism
Catholicism

Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its Theology and doctrines, its Catholic liturgy, Ethics, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century). On the 19th of March 1606, the Granduca di Toscana Ferdinando I de' Medici
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany....
, in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel of Saint Francis of Assisi elevated Livorno at the rank of city. During the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
, trade with England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 was prohibited and the economy of Livorno suffered greatly. Then, in 1868, after Livorno became part of the new Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy

There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Italy under the rule of Odoacer from 476 to 493 is often called the kingdom of Italy, since it encompassed the Italia and Odoacer is periodically styled rex ....
, she lost her, by now, traditional status of “Porto Franco” and the city's importance declined.

Main sights


Nowadays the Venice district preserves most of its original town planning and architectural features such as the bridges, the narrow lane
Lane

The word lane has several meanings, including and especially:#a portion of a paved road which is intended for a single line of vehicles and is marked by white or yellow lines....
s, the noblemen's house
House

A house generally refers to a or building that is a dwelling or place for habitation by humans. The term includes many kinds of dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to high-rise apartment buildings....
s and a dense network of canals which once linked the port to its storehouses. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Livorno, by then grown up and open to the world, had a lively appearance marked by neo-classical buildings, public parks housing important museum
Museum

A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment, for the purposes of education, study, and entertainment", as defined by the International Coun...
s and cultural institutions, "Liberty" villa
Villa

A villa was originally an upper-class country house, though since its origins in Roman Republic times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably....
s with sea views and the market
Market

A market is any one of a variety of different systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby persons trade, and goods and services are exchanged, forming part of the economy....
.

The Museo Mascagnano houses memorabilia, documents and operas by the great composer Pietro Mascagni
Pietro Mascagni

Pietro Mascagni was an Italy composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece, Cavalleria rusticana, caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and singlehandedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music....
. Every year some of his operas are traditionally played during the lyric music season, which is organised by the Traditional Theatre of Livorno. Also the “Terrazza Mascagni”, a walkway divided from the sea by a handrail, is named in honor to Pietro Mascagni.

Up in the hills the Sanctuary of Montenero, which is dedicated to Our Lady of the Graces, the patron saint of Tuscany, is a fixed destination for pilgrims. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decorated with ex-voti mainly connected to stories of miraculous sea rescue.

The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks
Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Reliable information about the early history of the Ottomans is scarce....
"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany....
 of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno.

In Livorno there is an important square called "Piazza della Repubblica" that contains two important monuments of Italian politicians. Thus, this square is also a bridge: in fact, under the bridge there is an old, big canal. Piazza della Repubblica is the largest bridge of Europe.

Livorno Map 17th Century
Another important monument is the old fortress; an old building made with red bricks that at the time of Medici defended the city from pirates attacks. It has 3 bastion, named “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. The old fortress was made before the Renaissance. The new Fortress, distinct from the old one, was made at the end of the 16th century.

There are some graveyards where foreign people who moved to Livorno used to be buried.

Culture


Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy
Communist Party of Italy

The Communist Party of Italy was an Italian political party which existed from 1921 to 1926. Although its political experience is part of the story of the Italian Communist Party, it was a different entity....
 was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921.

There is a breed of chicken called leghorn
Leghorn chicken

The Leghorn is a breed of chicken named after the Italy city of Livorno, which in English is also known as Leghorn. Leghorns, leghorns are one of the most popular commercial breeds of chicken worldwide, and while the majority are white, a number of varieties also exist....
, named after the city. This in turn gave its name to the cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn.

Economy


Tuaca
Tuaca

Tuaca is a brand of liqueur produced by the Tuoni and Canepa families of Livorno, Italy. The liqueur is sweet and golden brown in color. Its ingredients include brandy, essence of orange , and vanilla....
 liqueur is produced in Livorno. The city also has a substantial petrochemical
Petrochemical

Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum or other hydrocarbon origin. Although some of the chemical compounds that originate from petroleum may also be derived from coal and natural gas, petroleum is the major source....
 industry.

Sport

Livorno has a football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
 team in Serie B
Serie B

Serie B is the name of the second highest football league in Italy. It consists of 22 teams. The championship is often called the cadetti, which means 'juniors' or 'cadets', or campionato cadetto....
, A.S. Livorno Calcio
A.S. Livorno Calcio

Associazione Sportiva Livorno Calcio is a football club based in Livorno, Tuscany. The club was formed in 1915 and currently plays in Italian Serie B....
. The football club reflects the left-leaning tendencies of the city with Livorno Calcio's left-wing ultras
Ultras

Ultras are a form of sports team supporters renowned for their fanatical support and elaborate displays. They are predominantly European and South American followers of football teams....
.

Dialect

Livorno inhabitants speak a colourful variant of the Tuscan dialect
Tuscan dialect

The Tuscan dialect or the Tuscan language is an Italian dialects spoken in Tuscany, Italy. In many respects it wandered less than other Romance dialects from the Latin language and evolved linearly and homogeneously, without major influences from other foreign languages....
 of Italy named vernacolo, which is especially characterized by the popular interjection dé, which has a very wide range of meanings, usually recognizable only by the tone of the pronunciation, and a tourist is soon discovered if they pronounce the word as dè, because it is not the correct pronunciation.

There is a satirical comic/magazine written mainly in the Livornese dialect called Il Vernacoliere
Il Vernacoliere

Il Vernacoliere is an old Italy satirical monthly magazine rooted in Livorno, Tuscany. While it began in the late 1960's as a purely vernacular magazine , it slowly but steadily became famous beyond the borders of the Livorno province, and it is now read in most northern and central Italy....
.

Sister cities

  • Flag of Israel
    Bat Yam
    Bat Yam

    File:Location_batyam.pngBat Yam is a city located on Israel's Mediterranean coast, on the central coastal strip, just south of Tel Aviv....
    , Israel
    Israel

    Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
  • Cerignola
    Cerignola

    Cerignola is a town of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, 40 km southeast from the town of Foggia. It has the third-largest land area of any comune in Italy, at 593.71 km? , after Rome and Ravenna....
    , Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
  • Flag of Spain
    Guadalajara
    Guadalajara, Spain

    Guadalajara is a city and municipality in the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile-La Mancha, Spain, and in the natural region of La Alcarria....
    , Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
  • Flag of Vietnam
    Haiphong
    Haiphong

    Hai Phong meaning "Coastal Defence" is the third most populous city in Vietnam....
    , Vietnam
    Vietnam

    Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
  • Flag of Russia
    Novorossiysk
    Novorossiysk

    File:Black Sea ports -- Odessa, Sevastapol, Novorrisk.pngNovorossiysk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in southern Russia, the main Russian port on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....


Notable people

  • Mario Ancona
    Mario Ancona

    Mario Ancona was an Italian baritone, born in Livorno, Tuscany to a Jewish family. A master of bel canto singing, he enjoyed an international reputation as a star of what is commonly referred to as the "Golden Age of Opera"....
     (1860-1931), opera baritone
  • Chaim Joseph David Azulai
    Chaim Joseph David Azulai

    Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai , commonly known as the Chida , was a rabbinical scholar and a noted bibliophile, who pioneered the history of Jewish religious writings....
      (1724-1807), prolific Rabbinic scholar
  • Andrea Baldini
    Andrea Baldini

    Andrea Baldini is an Italy foil fencing.Baldini won the silver medal at the foil 2006 World Fencing Championships after he lost the final 15-14 versus Peter Joppich....
     (born 1985), fencer, double World Championship silver medallist
  • Elijah Benamozegh
    Elijah Benamozegh

    Elijah Benamozegh, sometimes Eliyahu, was an Italy Orthodox Judaism rabbi and a noted Kabbalist, highly respected in his day as one of Italy's most eminent Jewish scholars....
     (1822-1900), rabbi and scholar of Kabbalah
    Kabbalah

    Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
  • Leonetto Cappiello
    Leonetto Cappiello

    Leonetto Cappiello was an Italians poster art designer who lived in Paris. He is now often called 'the father of modern advertising' because of his innovation in poster design....
     (1875-1942), painter
  • Giorgio Caproni
    Giorgio Caproni

    Giorgio Caproni was an Italy poetry, literary criticism and translation, especially from the French language.Caproni left Livorno at the age of ten to complete his primary studies in Genoa, where he studied first music, then literature, and where he wrote his first poems....
     (1912-1990), poet
  • David Castelli
    David Castelli

    David Castelli was an Italian scholar and educator in the field of secular Jewish studies. He was educated at the rabbinical college of Leghorn, and from 1857 to 1863 was teacher of Hebrew and Italian in the Jewish schools of that city....
     (1836-1901), Jewish Biblical scholar
  • Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

    is an Italy politician and banker. He was Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was President of the Italian Republic from 1999 to 2006. He is currently a Senator for life in the Italian Senate....
     (born 1920), former President of the Republic of Italy
  • Piero Ciampi (1934-1980), musician
  • Vittorio Matteo Corcos (1859-1933), painter
  • Giovanni Fattori
    Giovanni Fattori

    Giovanni Fattori was an Italian artist, one of the leaders of the group known as the Macchiaioli. He was initially a painter of historical themes and military subjects....
     (1825-1908), painter
  • Alberto Fremura (born 1936), artist
  • Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
    Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi

    Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi was an italy writer and politician involved in the Italy risorgimento.Guerrazzi was born on August 12, 1804 in the sea-port of Livorno, then part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany....
     (1804-1873), writer and politician
  • Francis Levett
    Francis Levett

    Francis Levett worked as an English factor at Leghorn, Italy, for the Levant Company until he lit out for East Florida in 1769 where his brother-in-law Patrick Tonyn of the British Army had been appointed Governor of the English colony....
    , English merchant, the Levant Company
    Levant Company

    In England trading history, the Levant Company, or Turkey Company, was a chartered company formed in 1581, after London merchants petitioned Queen Elizabeth I in 1580 for a charter to begin trading in the Levant, a trade that had fallen away to near nothing in the previous decades, with guarantees of exclusivity....
  • Cristiano Lucarelli
    Cristiano Lucarelli

    Cristiano Lucarelli is an Italy football who plays as forward for Italian Serie B club Parma F.C....
     (born 1975), football player
  • Pietro Mascagni
    Pietro Mascagni

    Pietro Mascagni was an Italy composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece, Cavalleria rusticana, caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and singlehandedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music....
     (1863-1945), opera composer
  • Matteo Mazzantini
    Matteo Mazzantini

    Matteo Mazzantini is an Italian rugby union footballer. His position in the field is as a scrum-half.He played for Benetton Rugby Treviso , Rugby Rovigo , Arix Viadana and Gran Parma Rugby ....
     (born 1976), rugby player
  • Amedeo Modigliani
    Amedeo Modigliani

    Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practising both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France....
     (1884-1920), painter and sculptor
  • Aldo Montano
    Aldo Montano

    Aldo Montano is an Italy fencing and olympic champion in Sabre competition.He received a gold medal in sabre individual at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens....
     (born 1978), fencer, Olympic gold medalist
  • Moses Haim Montefiore (1784-1885), financier and philanthropist in Britain
  • Sabato Morais
    Sabato Morais

    Sabato Morais was an Italian-American rabbi, leader of Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel, pioneer of Italian Jewish Studies in America, and founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City....
     (1823-1897), rabbi in Philadelphia, USA, and founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City
    New York City

    The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
  • Alfredo Muller (1869-1940), artist
  • Nedo Nadi
    Nedo Nadi

    Nedo Nadi was an Italy Fencing, widely regarded as the most versatile ever. He is the only fencer to win a gold medal in each of the fencing at a single Olympic Games and won the most gold medals ever at a single Games - five....
    , won 5 gold medals in fencing at the 1920 Olympics
  • Armando Picchi
    Armando Picchi

    Armando Picchi was an Italian football player and coach. He usually was a sweeper.Born in Livorno, Picchi played for Milanese outfit Internazionale, where as captain he won 3 national titles, two European Champions Cups and two Intercontinental Cup s in the 1960s....
     (1935-1971), football player and manager
  • Dario Resta
    Dario Resta

    Dario Dolly Resta was an Italian Briton race car driver. Raised in England from the age of two, he began racing there starting in 1907. He took part in the Montagu Cup the very first race of the now historic Brooklands track....
     (1884-1924), Racecar driver, Indy 500 winner
  • Angiolo Tommasi (1858-1923), artist
  • Samuel Uziel
    Samuel Uziel

    Samuel Uziel was a Talmudist and scholar of the 17th century, rabbi of Leghorn. He is mentioned in a responsum in the collection Mayim Rabbim of Raphael Meldola....
     (Seventeenth century), rabbi and Talmudist


Points of interest

  • Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo
  • Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo
    Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo

    The Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo is a botanical garden located on the grounds of the Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo at Via Roma 234 I-57127 Livorno, Tuscany, Italy....
  • Cisternoni of Livorno
    Cisternoni of Livorno

    The Cisternoni of Livorno are a series of three large buildings in the Neoclassical architecture style at Livorno, in Tuscany, Italy. They were constructed between 1829 and 1848 as part of a complex of Water purification and storage tanks to the Leopoldino aqueduct; a fourth cisternone planned at Castellaccia was never built....


See also


  • Jewish community of Livorno
    Jewish community of Livorno

    The Jewish community of Livorno, although the youngest among the historic Jewish communities of Italy, was for some time the foremost because of the wealth, scholarship, and political rights of its members....


Images


External links