Suceava
Encyclopedia
Suceava is the Suceava County
Suceava County
Suceava is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Moldavia and few villages in Transylvania, with the capital city at Suceava.- Demographics :...

 seat in Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...

, Moldavia region, in north-eastern Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1388 to 1565.

History

Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie Cantemir was twice Prince of Moldavia . He was also a prolific man of letters – philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and geographer....

 in his famous work Descriptio Moldavie gives the origin of the name as Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....

: Szűcsvár, meaning city of furriers.

For nearly 200 years the city of Suceava was the capital of the Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...

n state and main residence of the Moldavian princes (between 1388 and 1565). The city was the capital of the lands of Stephen the Great
Stephen III of Moldavia
Stephen III of Moldavia was Prince of Moldavia between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the House of Mușat.During his reign, he strengthened Moldavia and maintained its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the...

, one of the pivotal figures in Romanian history, who died in Suceava in 1504. He built a church every time he defeated an enemy army. During the rule of Alexandru Lăpuşneanu
Alexandru Lapusneanu
Alexandru Lăpuşneanu was Prince of Moldavia between September 1552 and 18 November 1561 and then between October 1564 and 5 May 1568....

, the seat was moved to Iaşi
Iasi
Iași is the second most populous city and a municipality in Romania. Located in the historical Moldavia region, Iași has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life...

 in 1565. Michael the Brave captured the city in 1600 during the Moldavian Magnate Wars
Moldavian Magnate Wars
The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the...

 in attempt to unite Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...

, Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...

 and Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...

, but he was defeated the same year and Suceava failed to become the capital again.

Together with the rest of Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...

, Suceava was under the rule of the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...

 (later Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

) from 1775 to 1918; the border of Habsburg domains passed just south-east of the city. At the end of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

, it became part of Greater Romania
Greater Romania
The Greater Romania generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First World War and the Second World War, the largest geographical extent of Romania up to that time and its largest peacetime extent ever ; more precisely, it refers to the territory of the Kingdom of...

.

During the communist period in Romania, Suceava was heavily industrialized.

Demographics

According to the last census, from 2002, there were 105,865 people living within the city of Suceava, making it the 22nd largest city in Romania. The ethnic makeup is as follows:
  • Romanians
    Romanians
    The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....

    : 98.17%
  • Roma: 0.48%
  • Germans: 0.35%
  • Ukrainians
    Ukrainians
    Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...

    : 0.27%
  • Poles
    Poles
    thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...

    : 0.23%
  • Lipovans
    Lipovans
    Lipovans or Lippovans are the Old Believers, mostly of Russian ethnic origin, who settled in the Moldavian Principality, in Dobruja and Eastern Muntenia...

    : 0.2%
  • Other: 0.3%

Tourism

In the past few years Suceava started to evolve more rapidly. The most important sights in the town date from the time as a princely capital.
  • Mirǎuti Church

Founded in 1390 by Petru I of Moldavia
Petru I of Moldavia
Petru I Muşat was Voivode of Moldavia from 1375 to 1391, the son of Costea Muşat, the first ruler from the dynastic House of Bogdan. During his reign, he maintained good relationships with his neighbours, especially Poland....

, it is the oldest church in Suceava, and established the city as a see of the church (which later moved to the). Stephen the Great was crowned in this church in 1457 and the church remained the coronation church of Moldavia until 1522.
  • Church of Saint George
    Saint George
    Saint George was, according to tradition, a Roman soldier from Syria Palaestina and a priest in the Guard of Diocletian, who is venerated as a Christian martyr. In hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Catholic , Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and the Oriental Orthodox...

    , part of the Monastery of Saint John the New

Founded by Bogdan the One-eyed in 1514. It has frescoes painted on the outside, typical of the region, and is one of the seven churches listed by UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...

 as a World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...

 (see Painted churches of northern Moldavia
Painted churches of northern Moldavia
The Churches of Moldavia are eight Romanian Orthodox churches in Suceava County, Romania in northern Moldavia, built approximately between 1487 and 1583.Since 1993, they have been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site...

). Saint John the New was a Moldavian monk who preached during Turkish occupation and was subsequently martyred in Cetatea Alba, present-day Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is a city situated on the right bank of the Dniester Liman in the Odessa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Bessarabia...

 in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

. Alexander the Good brought his relics to Moldavia in 1415.
The monastery serves as the seat of the Archbishop of Suceava and Radauti.
  • Church of Saint Demetrius
    Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki
    Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki was a Christian martyr, who lived in the early 4th century.During the Middle Ages, he came to be revered as one of the most important Orthodox military saints, often paired with Saint George...


this church was founded by Petru Rareş
Petru Rares
Peter IV Rareș was twice voievod of Moldavia: 20 January 1527 to 18 September 1538 and 19 February 1541 to 3 September 1546. He was an illegitimate child born to Ștefan cel Mare...

 , the sun of Stephan the Great, in 1534, with a bell tower added in 1561, and the frescoes inside restored recently
  • Church of Saint John the Baptist

Build by Basil the Wolf
Vasile Lupu
Vasile Lupu was a Moldavian Voivode between 1634 and 1653. Vasile Coci surnamed "the wolf" who ruled as Prince of Moldavia had secured the Moldavian throne in 1634 after a series of complicated intrigues and managed to hold it for twenty years. Vasile was of Albanian origin and Greek education...

 in 1643

There are numerous museums in the city: the Bucovina History Museum, the Bucovina Village Museum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4DPkcmhb2k, the Bucovina Ethnographic Museum (housed in an inn from the 17th century), and the Natural History Museum. Furthermore, there is the Cetatea de Scaun or Princely Citadel, like the Mirǎuti Church founded by Petru I of Moldavia
Petru I of Moldavia
Petru I Muşat was Voivode of Moldavia from 1375 to 1391, the son of Costea Muşat, the first ruler from the dynastic House of Bogdan. During his reign, he maintained good relationships with his neighbours, especially Poland....

 when he moved the capital from Siret
Siret
Siret is a town in Romania, Suceava County, one of the oldest towns in, and a former capital of, the former principality of Moldavia. It is located 2 km from the border with Ukraine, being one of the main border passing points in the North of the country, having both a road border post and a...

 to Suceava. Alexander the Good and Stephen the Great expanded the citadel, and it became strong enough to hold off an attack by Ottoman sultan Mehmed II
Mehmed II
Mehmed II , was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from...

 (the conqueror of Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...

), in 1476 .

Schools

National College "Petru Rares" Suceava
  • Named after the voievod of Moldavia, Peter IV Rareş
  • Main study offers are: English, Philology, Mathematics and Informatics.


National College "Stefan cel Mare" Suceava
  • Named after the prince of Moldavia between the years 1457 and 1504, Stephen III of Moldavia
    Stephen III of Moldavia
    Stephen III of Moldavia was Prince of Moldavia between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the House of Mușat.During his reign, he strengthened Moldavia and maintained its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland, and the...

  • Main study offers are: Philology, Mathematics and Informatics.


Economical College "Dimitre Cantemir" Suceava *Named after the twice Prince of Moldavia and the famous writer of the Descriptio Moldavie, Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie Cantemir was twice Prince of Moldavia . He was also a prolific man of letters – philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and geographer....

.
It is the only economical high-school In Suceava.
  • Main study offers are Tourism, Gastronomy, Alimentation, Economy, Countability and Trade.
  • The main profile which the school promovates is the Technical profile.

Air

Suceava is served by the Suceava "Ştefan cel Mare" Airport
Suceava Airport
Suceava "Ştefan cel Mare" Airport is an airport located in northeastern Romania, east of the municipality of Suceava, west of the municipality of Botoşani and close to the town of Salcea. It serves both Suceava and Botoşani counties. The airport has six parking stands.-History:Ştefan cel Mare...

 (SCV), located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the city centre, it is also called "The Salcea Airport".

Natives

  • Petru Balan
    Petru Balan
    Petru Vladimir Bălan is a Romanian rugby union footballer, currently playing for Biarritz Olympique in the top level of French rugby, the Top 14 competition. He is also a Romanian international, and has played for his national team...

    , (1976 -) Romanian rugby union footballer,
  • Dimitrie Barilă (Dosoftei)
    Dosoftei
    Dimitrie Barilă, better known under his monastical name Dosoftei , was a Moldavian Metropolitan, scholar, poet and translator....

     (1624–1694), Moldavia
    Moldavia
    Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...

    n Metropolitan
    Metropolitan bishop
    In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.Before the establishment of...

    , scholar, poet and translator.
  • Eugen Bejinariu
    Eugen Bejinariu
    Eugen Bejinariu is a Romanian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party . He served as interim prime minister of Romania between December 21 and 28, 2004, when prime minister Adrian Năstase, who had just been defeated in presidential elections by Traian Băsescu, resigned and became...

      (1959 -) Romania
    Romania
    Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

    n politician and member of the Social Democratic Party
    Social Democratic Party (Romania)
    The Social Democratic Party is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. It was formed in 1992, after the post-communist National Salvation Front broke apart. It adopted its present name after a merger with a minor social-democratic party in 2001. Since its formation, it has always...

     (PSD)
  • Anastasie Crimca
    Anastasie Crimca
    Anastasie Crimca was a Moldavian Eastern orthodox clergyman, as well as a calligrapher, illuminator, and writer.Born in Suceava, he was the Metropolitan of Moldavia and the founder of Dragomirna Monastery , where he initiated a scriptorium remarkable for the stylistic unity of the work produced...

     (1550–1629) Eastern orthodox
    Romanian Orthodox Church
    The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked seventh in order of precedence. The Primate of the church has the title of Patriarch...

     clergyman
  • Norman Manea
    Norman Manea
    Norman Manea is a Jewish Romanian writer and author of short fiction, novels, and essays about the Holocaust, daily life in a communist state, and exile. He is a Francis Flournoy Professor of European Culture and writer in residence at Bard College...

     (1936 -) Romanian writer and intellectual
  • Dorin Goian
    Dorin Goian
    Dorin Goian is a Romanian footballer who plays for Scottish Premier League club Rangers. A physical centre back, he is also a member of the Romanian national team.-Foresta Fălticeni:...

     (1980 -) Romanian football player
  • Shulem Moskovitz
    Shotzer Rebbe
    Rabbi Shulem Moshkovitz, known as the Shotzer Rebbe, was born in Suceava, Romania. He was a descendant of the famed chasidic Rebbe Yechiel Mikhl of Zlotshov....

     chasidic Rebbe
    Rebbe
    Rebbe , which means master, teacher, or mentor, is a Yiddish word derived from the Hebrew word Rabbi. It often refers to the leader of a Hasidic Jewish movement...

     (? - 1958)
  • Dumitru Rusu
    Dumitru Rusu
    Dumitru Rusu is a Romanian painter whose artistic activity draws inspiration from the rural charm and folklore of Bukovina, where he resides. Born in Suceava on November 6, 1938, he graduated from the Institute of Art in Cluj-Napoca and has had numerous exhibitions both in Romania and in other...

     (1938 -) Romanian painter
  • Meir Shapiro
    Meir Shapiro
    Yehuda Meir Shapiro , , was a prominent Hasidic rabbi and rosh yeshiva, also known as the Lubliner Rav...

     (1887–1933) Hasidic rabbi
    Rabbi
    In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...

     and rosh yeshiva
    Rosh yeshiva
    Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the dean of a Talmudical academy . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh — meaning head, and yeshiva — a school of religious Jewish education...

  • Ştefan Rusu
    Stefan Rusu
    Ştefan Rusu is a Romanian wrestler and Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling.-Olympics:Rusu has competed in three Olympics, from 1976 to 1984. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal he received a silver medal in Greco-Roman wrestling, the lightweight class...

    , wrestler, won a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics
    1980 Summer Olympics
    The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union. In addition, the yachting events were held in Tallinn, and some of the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament...


Twin towns — Sister cities

Suceava is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with:
Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a combined population of over two million people located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river .It is situated in...

, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi is the administrative center of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. The city is situated on the upper course of the River Prut, a tributary of the Danube, in the northern part of the historic region of Bukovina, which is currently divided between Romania and Ukraine...

, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...

 Guizhou
Guizhou
' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...

, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...


External links

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