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List of operas by Handel

List of operas by Handel

Overview

George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel was a German-English Baroque composer, who is famous for his operas, oratorios, and concerti grossi. His life and music may justly be described as "cosmopolitan": he was born in Germany, trained in Italy, and spent most of his life in England...

's operas
comprise 42 musical dramas that were written between 1705 and 1741 in various genres. He began composing operas in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...

 and then for a brief time in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...

 to modest success. It wasn't until he came to England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 that he truly found great success in the genre. His first opera in England, Rinaldo
Rinaldo (opera)
Rinaldo is an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, now a part of the standard operatic repertoire. The Italian libretto was written by Giacomo Rossi based on episodes of Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata...

(1711), was met with enthusiasm, and several more Italian operas soon followed. However, Handel
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel was a German-English Baroque composer, who is famous for his operas, oratorios, and concerti grossi. His life and music may justly be described as "cosmopolitan": he was born in Germany, trained in Italy, and spent most of his life in England...

's place as the central figure of opera in England during the eighteenth century was not solidified until, under the influence of Thomas Arne, he began composing large-scale works with English language texts.
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George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel was a German-English Baroque composer, who is famous for his operas, oratorios, and concerti grossi. His life and music may justly be described as "cosmopolitan": he was born in Germany, trained in Italy, and spent most of his life in England...

's operas
comprise 42 musical dramas that were written between 1705 and 1741 in various genres. He began composing operas in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...

 and then for a brief time in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...

 to modest success. It wasn't until he came to England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 that he truly found great success in the genre. His first opera in England, Rinaldo
Rinaldo (opera)
Rinaldo is an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, now a part of the standard operatic repertoire. The Italian libretto was written by Giacomo Rossi based on episodes of Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata...

(1711), was met with enthusiasm, and several more Italian operas soon followed. However, Handel
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric Handel was a German-English Baroque composer, who is famous for his operas, oratorios, and concerti grossi. His life and music may justly be described as "cosmopolitan": he was born in Germany, trained in Italy, and spent most of his life in England...

's place as the central figure of opera in England during the eighteenth century was not solidified until, under the influence of Thomas Arne, he began composing large-scale works with English language texts. Though almost all of his English language works are technically oratorios
Oratórios
Oratórios is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Ponte Nova.-See also:* List of municipalities in Minas Gerais...

 and not operas, several of them, such as Semele (1743), have become an important part of the opera repertoire.

During the 36 years in which Italian opera
Italian opera
Italian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers,...

 was his principal concern, Handel adhered closely to the typical form of the era, determined by the precedence given to solo singing
Singing
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of both tonality and rhythm. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist...

 and to stage presentation in which set changes were made in front of the audience and the curtain not lowered until the work's conclusion. Recitative
Recitative
Recitative , also known by its Italian name "recitativo" , is a style of delivery in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech...

s preceded solo aria
Aria
An aria in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment...

s, usually in da capo
Da capo
Da Capo is a musical term in Italian, meaning from the beginning . It is often abbreviated D.C.. It is a composer or publisher's directive to repeat the previous part of music. In small pieces this might be the same thing as a repeat, but in larger works D.C...

 form (though frequently with an abridged return to the chief section), dominate the operas, and scenes are normally devised to start with several characters on stage, each of whom sings an aria and then exits. The last scene typically concludes with a coro sung by the soloists; ensembles are otherwise atypical and mainly limited to scenes of communal celebration; only "Dall’orror" in Act 3 of Alcina
Alcina
Alcina is an opera seria by George Frideric Handel. The libretto's author is unknown, but the plot is taken from Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam...

(1735) reaches the depth of the choruses in the English choral works. Handel’s operas therefore seem to be highly similar to those of his contemporaries; what makes them unique is the brilliance of the music which skillfully conveys with instant fervor the emotional states of the characters within the context of the drama.

Overview



Handel's earlier operas tended to be of a lighter nature, although there are intermittent moments, such as the prison scene from Almira
Almira
Almira, Königin von Castilien or Der in Krohnen erlangte Glückswechsel, is George Frideric Handel's first opera.-Background:Handel came to the city of Hamburg in the summer of 1703 and played as a violinist in the theatre at the Gänsemarkt, the local market place...

(1705), which are highly dramatic. Handel's music for his first operas in England was often derived from musical ideas and idioms found in his cantata
Cantata
A cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and often containing more than one movement.-Historical context:...

s and other works written during his time spent in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...

 (1706–09). For example, the characteristic harmonic structure of Agrippina
Agrippina
Agrippina may refer to:In people:* Vipsania Agrippina , daughter of Caecilia Attica and first wife of the Emperor Tiberius* Vipsania Marcella Agrippina , daughter of Claudia Marcella Major and first wife of general Publius Quinctilius Varus* Julia the Younger or Vipsania Julia Agrippina , daughter...

(1709) is obviously a retention of material from this Italian period. In general, the orchestrations of Handel's earlier operas tended to be richer and smoother than in his later works, utilizing additional instruments like bassoon
Bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 1800s, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature...

s to achieve different tone colours. The music for Rinaldo
Rinaldo
Rinaldo might refer to:*Rinaldo di Montalbano , a chanson de geste hero*Rinaldo , a 16th century Italian poem by Torquato Tasso*Rinaldo , an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel...

(1711) notably utilizes four trumpet
Trumpet
The trumpet is a musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BC...

s, an instrumental choice that Handel never repeated elsewhere.

Beginning with Ottone
Ottone
Ottone, re di Germania is an opera by George Frideric Handel, to an Italian-language libretto adapted by Nicola Francesco Haym from the libretto by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino for Antonio Lotti's opera Teofane. It was the first new opera written for the Royal Academy of Music's fourth season...

(1722), Handel composed numerous operas for the Royal Academy of Music
Royal Academy of Music
The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is a conservatoire, Britain's oldest degree-granting music school and a constituent college of the University of London since 1999. The Academy was founded by Lord Burghersh in 1822 with the help and ideas of the French harpist and composer Nicolas...

 during the 1720s. With the exception of Flavio
Flavio
Flavio, re di Longobardi is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, after Matteo Noris's Il Flavio Cuniberto. It was Handel's fourth full-length opera for the Royal Academy of Music...

(1723), the operas from this period are more serious in tone and the musical expression is more astutely aligned to the opera's drama than in his earlier operas. Of particular importance from this period is Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare in Egitto is an Italian opera in three acts written by George Frideric Handel in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym.-Performance history:...

(1724), which contains one of Handel's most expansive and emotively powerful scores. The sumptuous music and deft characterizations found in this work has made it one of the more frequently revived Handel operas during the 20th and 21st centuries. Also of note are Tamerlano
Tamerlano
Tamerlano is an opera in three acts, with music by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text by Nicola Francesco Haym, adapted from Agostin Piovene's Tamerlano together with another libretto entitled Bajazet after Nicolas Pradon's Tamerlan, ou La Mort de Bajazet.One of Handel's major works, he...

(1724) and Rodelinda
Rodelinda
Rodelinda, regina de' Longobardi is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was based on a libretto by Nicola Francesco Haym, in turn based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi...

(1725) which have particularly striking leading tenor roles that Handel wrote specifically for Francesco Borosini. The later operas that Handel wrote for the Academy were not as successful as his earlier ones. The two major sopranos at the Academy, Francesca Cuzzoni
Francesca Cuzzoni
Francesca Cuzzoni , was an Italian operatic soprano of the Baroque era.-Early career:Cuzzoni was born in Parma. Her father, Angelo, was a professional violinist, and her singing teacher was Francesco Lanzi. She made her debut in her home city in 1714, singing in La virtù coronata, o Il Fernando by...

 and Faustina Bordoni
Faustina Bordoni
Faustina Bordoni was an Italian mezzo-soprano.-Early career:She was born in Venice and brought up under the protection of the aristocratic brother composers Alessandro and Benedetto Marcello. Her singing teacher was another composer, Michelangelo Gasparini...

, were intensely competitive, and Handel had to cater to them both equally in these latter Academy operas. With the exception of Admeto
Admeto
Admeto, re di Tessaglia is a three-act opera with music composed by George Frideric Handel to an Italian-language libretto prepared by Nicola Haym. The story is partly based on Euripedes' Alcestis. The opera's first performance was at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 31 January 1727...

(1727), the attempt at balancing two leading soprano roles within an individual opera proved to hinder the work both musically and dramatically.


During the 1730s, Handel returned to writing operas of a comic and fantastic or heroic nature, largely because he no longer had to cater to the tastes of the Academy when choosing librettos. These works, such as Partenope
Partenope
Partenope is an opera by George Frideric Handel, first performed at the King's Theatre in London on 24 February, 1730.-Background:...

(1730), Orlando
Orlando (opera)
Orlando is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Carlo Sigismondo Capece's L'Orlando after Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, which was also the source of Handel's operas Alcina and Ariodante.-Performance history:The opera was first...

(1733) and Alcina
Alcina
Alcina is an opera seria by George Frideric Handel. The libretto's author is unknown, but the plot is taken from Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam...

(1735), were influenced by the operas of Leonardo Vinci
Leonardo Vinci
Leonardo Vinci was an Italian musical composer, best known for his operas.He was born at Strongoli and educated at Naples under Gaetano Greco in the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo. He first became known for his opera buffa in Neapolitan dialect in 1719; he also composed many opera seria...

 and Leonardo Leo
Leonardo Leo
Leonardo Leo , more correctly Lionardo Oronzo Salvatore de Leo was an Italian Baroque composer.-Biography:...

 and are written in a pre-classical manner. During this period, Handel began to more frequently utilize the scena in his works, and by the mid-1730s he was writing some of his most dramatically moving arias, such as the mad scene of Orlando and the end of Act 2 of Alcina. The size of the orchestras for these works was also larger, with Handel typically employing 12 violin
Violin
The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello....

s, 8 viola
Viola
The viola is a bowed string instrument. It is the middle voice of the violin family, between the violin and the cello.The casual observer may mistake the viola for the violin because of their similarity in size, closeness in pitch range , and nearly identical playing position...

s, 6 cello
Cello
The cello is a bowed string instrument. The word derives from the Italian violoncello. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and as a member of the string section of an orchestra...

s, 4 double bass
Double bass
The double bass, also called the upright bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. The name, "double bass," derives from the early use of the instrument to double—an octave lower where possible—the bass part written...

es, and two harpsichord
Harpsichord
A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string when a key is pressed.In the narrow sense, "harpsichord" designates only the large wing-shaped instruments in which the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard...

s in addition to four bassoons and a number of other wind instruments. In operas like Oreste
Oreste
Oreste is an opera by George Frideric Handel in three acts. The libretto was anonymously adapted from Giangualberto Barlocci’s L’Oreste , which was in turn adapted from Euripides' Iphigeneia in Tauris....

(1734), Handel attempted to synthesize Italian opera with French opera in the sequences of dances and choruses , but made no further experimentation in this area outside of the operas of 1734 and 1735. Two of the operas from this period, Ariodante
Ariodante
Ariodante is an opera seria in three acts by Handel. The anonymous Italian libretto was based on a work by Antonio Salvi, which in turn was adapted from Canti 5 and 6 of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso...

(1735) and Atalanta
Atalanta (opera)
Atalanta is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel composed in 1736. It is based upon the mythological female athlete, Atalanta, the libretto being derived from the book La Caccia in Etolia by Belisario Valeriani...

(1736), were a departure from the traditionally heroic librettos used by Handel, adopting a more realistic romantic intimacy.

By the late 1730s, Handel's attention was increasingly diverted away from composing operas and was much more focused on the English oratorio. A number of his operas from 1737 on lack the brilliance of his eariler works, most likely due to this shift in focus. Nevertheless, his operas Giustino
Giustino
Giustino is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Pietro Pariati's Giustino, after Nicolo Beregan's Il Giustino.-Performance history:...

(1737) and Serse
Serse
Serse is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738. The libretto is adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia for an earlier opera of the same name by Giovanni Bononcini in 1694. Stampiglia's libretto was itself...

(1738) contain some very fine music. Serse is also notable for successfully mixing comedy and poignant tragedy into a masterfully crafted plot, a development repeated less successfully in Imeneo
Imeneo
Imeneo is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Silvio Stampiglia's Imeneo. Handel had begun composition in September 1738, but did not complete the score until 1740...

(1740). Handel's last Italian opera, Deidamia
Deidamia (opera)
Deidamia was George Frideric Handel's last Italian opera. The Italian text was by Paolo Antonio Rolli.-Performance history:The opera was first performed on 10 January 1741 at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, London. The opera received only three performances, at a time when the public was becoming...

, was produced in 1741 and was not received very well as England's taste for Italian opera had waned. Handel returned one more time to theatre music for the semi-opera
Semi-opera
The terms Semi-opera, dramatic[k] opera and English opera were all applied to Restoration entertainments that combined spoken plays with masque-like episodes employing singing and dancing characters. They usually included machines in the manner of the restoration spectacular...

 Alceste
Alceste (Handel)
Alceste is a masque or semi-opera by George Frideric Handel.It was written as incidental music to a lost play by Tobias Smollett, which was rehearsed at Covent Garden Theatre but never performed. There was an overture and songs for Acts 1 and 4, 19 movements in total. It was composed from 27...

in 1750.

List of works


The following is a complete list of Handel's operatic works. All are opera seria
Opera seria
Opera seria is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to ca. 1770. The term itself was rarely used at the time and only became common usage once opera seria became unfashionable, and was viewed as a...

 in three acts, unless otherwise stated.
HWV
Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis is the Catalogue of Handel's Works. It was published in three and a half volumes by Bernd Baselt between 1978 and 1986, and lists every piece of music known to have been written by George Frideric Handel...

|Libretto|Première place, theatreAlmira
Almira
Almira, Königin von Castilien or Der in Krohnen erlangte Glückswechsel, is George Frideric Handel's first opera.-Background:Handel came to the city of Hamburg in the summer of 1703 and played as a violinist in the theatre at the Gänsemarkt, the local market place...

(Der in Krohnen erlangte Glücks-Wechsel, oder: Alimira, Königin von Castilien)
Hamburg
Hamburg
Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany and the sixth-largest city in the European Union...

, Theater am Gänsemarkt
Bad Lauchstädt
Bad Lauchstädt
' is a town in the district Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 13 km southwest of Halle. Pop. 4,933. It contains an Evangelical church, a theatre, a hydropathic establishment and several educational institutions, among which is an agricultural school affiliated to the university of Halle....

Some music lost; announced as a Singspiel
Singspiel
A Singspiel is a form of German-language music drama, regarded as a genre of opera. It is characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias...

 but has no spoken dialogue
2 Nero (Die durch Blut und Mord erlangete Liebe) Hamburg, Theater am Gänsemarkt   Music lost
3 Florindo
Florindo
Der beglückte Florindo is an opera composed by Handel at the request of Reinhard Keiser, the manager of the Hamburg Opera. It was first performed at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in January 1708...

(Der beglückte Florindo)
Hamburg, Theater am Gänsemarkt   Almost all of the music is lost
4 Daphne (Die verwandelte Daphne) Hamburg, Theater am Gänsemarkt   A sequel to Florindo, intended to be performed on the day after it. Almost all of the music is lost
5 Rodrigo
Rodrigo (opera)
Rodrigo is an opera in three acts composed by George Frideric Handel. Its original title was Vincer se stesso è la maggior vittoria . The opera is based on the historical figure of Rodrigo, the last Visigothic king of Hispania...

(Vincer se stesso è la maggior vittoria)
II duello d'Amore e di Vendetta
Italian libretto
Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence...

, Teatro di via del Cocomero
Innsbruck
Innsbruck
Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. It is located in the Inn Valley at the junction with the Wipptal , which provides access to the Brenner Pass, some south of Innsbruck...

Some music is lost
6 Agrippina
Agrippina (opera)
Agrippina is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel, from a libretto by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani. Composed for the 1709–10 Venice Carnevale season, the opera tells the story of Agrippina, the mother of Nero, as she plots the downfall of the Roman Emperor Claudius and the...

Vincenzo Grimani
Vincenzo Grimani
Vincenzo Grimani was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and opera librettist.Grimani was born either in Venice or Mantua....

Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital of the region Veneto, a population of 271,367 . Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area . The city historically was an independent nation...

, Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo
Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo
The Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, now known as the Teatro Malibran, is an opera house in Venice. Founded in 1678 by the Grimani family, it was founded primarily to provide entertainment for the aristocracy and to advance the social position of the Grimani family, and was not expected to be a...

Halle
Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. It is also called Halle an der Saale in order to distinguish it from Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia...

 
7a/b Rinaldo
Rinaldo (opera)
Rinaldo is an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, now a part of the standard operatic repertoire. The Italian libretto was written by Giacomo Rossi based on episodes of Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata...

Aaron Hill
Aaron Hill
Aaron Hill was an English dramatist and miscellaneous writer.The son of a country gentleman of Wiltshire, Hill was educated at Westminster School, and afterwards travelled in the East. He was the author of 17 plays, some of them, such as his versions of Voltaire's Zaire and Merope, being adaptations...

, after Tasso
Tasso
-People:*Torquato Tasso, the famous Italian 16th-century poet, author of Gerusalemme liberata*Bernardo Tasso, his father, also a poet-Places:*Tasso, Corse-du-Sud, a commune on Corsica, France*Tasso River, a river in Mumbai, India...

, La Gerusalemme liberata,
Italian libretto
London
London
[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...

, Queen's Theatre
Her Majesty's Theatre
Her Majesty's Theatre is a West End theatre, in Haymarket, City of Westminster, London. The present building was designed by Charles J. Phipps and was constructed in 1897 for actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree, who established the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art at the theatre...

HWV 7b is the 1731 revision; the libretto of a revision of 1717 also exists
8a/b/c Il pastor fido
Il pastor fido
Il pastor fido is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was set to a libretto by Giacomo Rossi based on the famed and widely familiar pastoral poem of the same name by Giovanni Battista Guarini.-Performance history:...

Giovanni Battista Guarini
Giovanni Battista Guarini
Giovanni Battista Guarini was an Italian poet, dramatist, and diplomat.- Life :He was born in Ferrara, and spent his early life both in Padua and Ferrara, entering the service of Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, in 1567...


8b Italian libretto, 8c Italian libretto
London, Queen's Theatre Göttingen
Göttingen
Göttingen is a college town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...

 (third, November 1734 version); 14 September 1971, Abingdon
Abingdon, Oxfordshire
Abingdon is a market town and civil parish in Oxfordshire in Southern England. It is the seat of the Vale of White Horse district. Previously the county town of Berkshire, Abingdon is one of several places which claim to be Britain's oldest continuously occupied town...

, (first, 1712 version)
HWV 8b/c are the revivals of May and November 1734
9 Teseo
Teseo
Teseo is an opera seria with music by George Frideric Handel, the only Handel opera that is in five acts. The Italian-language libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, after Philippe Quinault's Thésée...

Nicola Francesco Haym
Nicola Francesco Haym
Nicola Francesco Haym , was an Italian opera librettist, composer, theatre manager and performer. He is best remembered for adapting texts into libretti for the London operas of George Frideric Handel and Giovanni Bononcini...

, after Philippe Quinault
Philippe Quinault
Philippe Quinault , French dramatist and librettist, was born in Paris.He was educated by the liberality of Tristan L'Hermite, the author of Marianne. Quinault's first play was produced at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in 1653, when he was only eighteen...

's libretto for Thésée
Thésée
Thésée is an opera with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and a libretto by Philippe Quinault based on Ovid's Metamorphoses first performed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 11 January 1675....


Italian libretto
London, Queen's Theatre 5 acts
10 Silla
Silla (opera)
Silla is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Giacomo Rossi. The story concerns the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla as recounted by Plutarch.The opera appears to have been a pièce d'occasion, whicht may have been performed only once...

Plutarch
Plutarch
Plutarch, born Plutarchos then, on his becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus , c. AD 46 – 120, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia...

's Life of Sulla
Parallel Lives
Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives, is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, written in the late 1st Century...


Italian libretto
London, Queen's Theatre? (or Burlington House
Burlington House
Burlington House is a building on Piccadilly in London. It was originally a private Palladian mansion, and was expanded in the mid 19th century after being purchased by the British government...

?)
  Much of the music was re-used in Amadigi
11 Amadigi di Gaula
Amadigi di Gaula
Amadigi di Gaula is an opera with music by George Frideric Handel. The identity of the librettist is not known for certain. Previous consensus had been that John Jacob Heidegger was the librettist, but more recent research has indicated that that the librettist was more likely to be Giacomo Rossi,...

Antoine Houdar de la Motte
Antoine Houdar de la Motte
Antoine Houdar de la Motte , was a French author.He was born and died in Paris. In 1693 his comedy, Les Originaux, was a complete failure, and so depressed the author that he contemplated joining the Trappists. Four years later he began writing operas and ballets, e.g...

's Amadis de Grèce, 1699
Italian libretto
London, King's Theatre
Her Majesty's Theatre
Her Majesty's Theatre is a West End theatre, in Haymarket, City of Westminster, London. The present building was designed by Charles J. Phipps and was constructed in 1897 for actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree, who established the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art at the theatre...

Osnabrück
Osnabrück
Osnabrück is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due west of Hannover. It lies in a valley penned between the Wiehengebirge and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest...

, 1929
Various additions during the initial run and the revivals of 1716 and 1717
12a/b Radamisto
Radamisto (Handel)
Radamisto is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel to an Italian libretto by Nicola Francesco Haym, based on L'amor tirannico, o Zenobia by Domenico Lalli and Zenobia by Matteo Noris...

L'amor tirannico, o Zenobia
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre Librettos of the revised versions of December 1720 and 1728 exist
13 Muzio Scevola
Muzio Scevola
Muzio Scevola is an opera in three acts. The Italian-language libretto was by Paolo Antonio Rolli, adapted from a text by Silvio Stampiglia. The music for the first act was composed by Filippo Amadei , the second act by Giovanni Bononcini, and the third by George Frideric Handel...

Paolo Antonio Rolli
Paolo Antonio Rolli
Paolo Antonio Rolli was an Italian librettist and poet.He was born in Rome, Italy and like Metastasio was trained by Gian Vincenzo Gravina. He worked in London from 1715–44...

, after a reworking of a Nicolò Minato
Nicolò Minato
Count Nicolò Minato was an Italian poet, librettist and impresario. His career can be divided into two parts: the years he spent at Venice, from 1650 to 1669, and the years at Vienna, from 1669 until his death....

 libretto by Silvio Stampiglia
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre Essen
Essen
Essen is a city in the central part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Located on the Ruhr River, its population of approximately 579,000 makes it either the 7th- or 8th-largest-city in Germany...

 (Act 3 only)
only Act 3 is by Handel
14 Floridante
Floridante
Floridante is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Paolo Antonio Rolli after Francesco Silvani's La costanza in trionfo....

La costanza in trionfo
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre Revised versions premiered in 1722, 1727 and 1733
15 Ottone
Ottone
Ottone, re di Germania is an opera by George Frideric Handel, to an Italian-language libretto adapted by Nicola Francesco Haym from the libretto by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino for Antonio Lotti's opera Teofane. It was the first new opera written for the Royal Academy of Music's fourth season...

Antonio Lotti
Antonio Lotti
Antonio Lotti was an Italian composer of classical music.Lotti was born in Venice, although his father Matteo was Kapellmeister at Hanover at the time. In 1682, Lotti began studying with Lodovico Fuga and Giovanni Legrenzi, both of whom were employed at St Mark's Basilica, Venice's principal church...

's opera Teofane
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre Revised versions premiered in 1726 and 1733
16 Flavio
Flavio
Flavio, re di Longobardi is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, after Matteo Noris's Il Flavio Cuniberto. It was Handel's fourth full-length opera for the Royal Academy of Music...

Il Flavio Cuniberto
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre The libretto of the revised version of 1732 exists
17 Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare
Giulio Cesare in Egitto is an Italian opera in three acts written by George Frideric Handel in 1724. The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym.-Performance history:...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
18 Tamerlano
Tamerlano
Tamerlano is an opera in three acts, with music by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text by Nicola Francesco Haym, adapted from Agostin Piovene's Tamerlano together with another libretto entitled Bajazet after Nicolas Pradon's Tamerlan, ou La Mort de Bajazet.One of Handel's major works, he...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border....

 
19 Rodelinda
Rodelinda
Rodelinda, regina de' Longobardi is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was based on a libretto by Nicola Francesco Haym, in turn based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi...

Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille
Pierre Corneille was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine...

's play Pertharite, roi des Lombards
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre  
20 Scipione
Scipione
Scipione is an opera in three acts, with music composed by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music in 1726. The librettist was Paolo Antonio Rolli. Handel composed Scipione whilst in the middle of writing Alessandro...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
21 Alessandro
Alessandro (opera)
Alessandro is an opera composed by George Frideric Handel in 1726. Paolo Rolli was the librettist and based the story on Ortensio Mauro's La superbia d'Alessandro. This was the first opera where Handel had cast together in the same opera the famous singers Faustina Bordoni, as Rossane, and...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Stuttgart
Stuttgart
Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....

 (in German)
 
22 Admeto
Admeto
Admeto, re di Tessaglia is a three-act opera with music composed by George Frideric Handel to an Italian-language libretto prepared by Nicola Haym. The story is partly based on Euripedes' Alcestis. The opera's first performance was at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 31 January 1727...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
23 Riccardo Primo
Riccardo Primo
Riccardo Primo, re d’Inghilterra is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Paolo Antonio Rolli, after Francesco Briani's Isacio tiranno, set by Antonio Lotti in 1710...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Sadler's Wells Theatre
Sadler's Wells Theatre
Sadler's Wells Theatre is the name of six theatres that have been built since 1683 at a site on Rosebery Avenue, Clerkenwell in the London Borough of Islington. The present day theatre seats 1,500 and specialises in dance, ranging from ballet to hip hop, contemporary dance to flamenco...

 (Handel Opera Society), London
 
24 Siroe
Siroe
Siroe, re di Persia is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, after Pietro Metastasio's Siroe. Like all of Metastasio's libretti, it was also set by Handel's contemporaries, ex...

Metastasio
Metastasio
Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi, better known by his pseudonym of Metastasio, was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.-Early life:...


Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre Gera
Gera
Gera, the third-largest city in the German state of Thuringia , lies in east Thuringia on the river Weiße Elster , approximately 60 kilometres to the south of the city of Leipzig and 80 kilometers to the east of Erfurt...

 
25 Tolomeo
Tolomeo
Tolomeo, re d'Egitto is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text by Nicola Francesco Haym, adapted from Carlo Sigismondo Capece's Tolomeo et Alessandro.-Musical style:...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
26 Lotario
Lotario
Lotario is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Antonio Salvi's Adelaide.-Performance history:...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Kenton Theatre
Kenton Theatre
The Kenton Theatre is an old theatre in the town of Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England.The theatre was founded 7 November 1805 and is the fourth oldest working theatre in the United Kingdom. It is staffed by volunteers...

, Henley-on-Thames
Henley-on-Thames
Henley-on-Thames is a town on the north side of the River Thames in south Oxfordshire, England, about 10 miles downstream and north-east from Reading, 10 miles upstream and west from Maidenhead...

 
27 Partenope
Partenope
Partenope is an opera by George Frideric Handel, first performed at the King's Theatre in London on 24 February, 1730.-Background:...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
28 Poro
Poro (opera)
Poro, re dell'Indie is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Alessandro nell'Indie by Metastasio, and based on Alexander the Great's encounter with King Porus in 326 BC.Graham Cummings has examined in detail the composition history...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Braunschweig , known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245,810 people , located in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser...

 
29 Ezio
Ezio (opera)
Ezio is an opera by George Frideric Handel to a libretto by Pietro Metastasio. Metastasio's libretto was partly inspired by Jean Racine's play Britannicus...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
30 Sosarme
Sosarme
Sosarme, re di Media is an opera by George Frideric Handel. The text was based on an earlier libretto by Antonio Salvi, Dionisio, Re di Portogallo , and adapted by an unknown writer. Composed in 1732, the original setting of Portugal was changed to Sardis in Lydia...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre  
31 Orlando
Orlando (opera)
Orlando is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Carlo Sigismondo Capece's L'Orlando after Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, which was also the source of Handel's operas Alcina and Ariodante.-Performance history:The opera was first...

Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romantic epic poem Orlando Furioso . The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with...

's Orlando furioso
Orlando Furioso
Orlando Furioso is an Italian romantic epic by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture. The earliest version appeared in 1516, although the poem was not published in its complete form until 1532...


Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre  
32 Arianna in Creta
Arianna in Creta
Arianna in Creta is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Pietro Pariati's Arianna e Teseo.-Performance history:...

Arianna e Teseo London, King’s Theatre    
A 11 Oreste
Oreste
Oreste is an opera by George Frideric Handel in three acts. The libretto was anonymously adapted from Giangualberto Barlocci’s L’Oreste , which was in turn adapted from Euripides' Iphigeneia in Tauris....

London, Covent Garden Theatre
Royal Opera House
The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in the London district of Covent Garden. The large building is often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", after a previous use of the site of the opera house's original construction in 1732. It is the home of The Royal...

Pasticcio
Pasticcio
A pasticcio is an Italian term for a type of opera or a piece of music. Literally the term refers back to Greco-Roman dish pastitsio or pasticcio, which designated a kind of pie made of many different ingredients, sometimes translated as a "hodge-podge"...

33 Ariodante
Ariodante
Ariodante is an opera seria in three acts by Handel. The anonymous Italian libretto was based on a work by Antonio Salvi, which in turn was adapted from Canti 5 and 6 of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso...

Orlando Furioso
Italian libretto
London, Covent Garden Theatre    
34 Alcina
Alcina
Alcina is an opera seria by George Frideric Handel. The libretto's author is unknown, but the plot is taken from Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam...

Orlando Furioso
Italian libretto
London, Covent Garden Theatre Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig is, with a population of 515,459, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.-Origins:Leipzig's name is derived from the Slavic word Lipsk, which means "settlement where the lime trees stand"....

 
35 Atalanta
Atalanta (opera)
Atalanta is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel composed in 1736. It is based upon the mythological female athlete, Atalanta, the libretto being derived from the book La Caccia in Etolia by Belisario Valeriani...

Italian libretto London, Covent Garden Theatre Hintlesham
Hintlesham
Hintlesham is a small village in Suffolk, England, situated roughly halfway between Ipswich and Hadleigh.The village is notable for Hintlesham Hall, a 16th Century Grade I listed country house that was restored and turned into a hotel by the famous chef, restaurateur and food writer Robert Carrier...

 
36 Arminio
Arminio
Arminio is an opera composed by George Frideric Handel.- Performance History :Together with Giustino and Berenice, Arminio is one of three operas Handel wrote within a period of half a year in 1736. He began with the composition of Giustino on 14 August 1736, followed by that of Arminio on 15...

Italian libretto London, Covent Garden Theatre  
37 Giustino
Giustino
Giustino is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Pietro Pariati's Giustino, after Nicolo Beregan's Il Giustino.-Performance history:...

Giustino, after Nicolo Beregan's Il Giustino
Italian libretto
London, Covent Garden Theatre  
38 Berenice
Berenice (opera)
Berenice, regina d'Egitto is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text by Antonio Salvi originally written in Italy in 1709....

London, Covent Garden Theatre    
A 13 Alessandro Severo
Alessandro Severo
Alessandro Severo is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1738. It is one of Handel's three pasticcio works, made up of the music and arias of his previous operas Giustino, Berenice and Arminio...

London, King’s Theatre Royal College of Music
Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music is a conservatoire located in the South Kensington district of London, England.-Background:The Royal College of Music's building, designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield, is situated on Prince Consort Road in the district of South Kensington, next to Imperial College, directly...

, London
Pasticcio
Pasticcio
A pasticcio is an Italian term for a type of opera or a piece of music. Literally the term refers back to Greco-Roman dish pastitsio or pasticcio, which designated a kind of pie made of many different ingredients, sometimes translated as a "hodge-podge"...

39 Faramondo
Faramondo
Faramondo is an opera in three acts by George Frideric Handel to an Italian text adapted from Apostolo Zeno's Faramondo.-Performance history:...

Apostolo Zeno
Apostolo Zeno
Apostolo Zeno was an Venetian poet, librettist, journalist, and man of letters.-Early Life:Apostolo Zeno was born of Cretan Greek descent in Venice in 1669...

's Faramondo
Italian libretto
London, King’s Theatre  
40 Serse
Serse
Serse is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738. The libretto is adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia for an earlier opera of the same name by Giovanni Bononcini in 1694. Stampiglia's libretto was itself...

Italian libretto London, King’s Theatre Also known as Xerxes
Giove in Argo
Giove in Argo
Giove in Argo is an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was written by Antonio Maria Lucchini.It was first performed in King's Theatre, Haymarket, London on May 1, 1739.- History :...

London, King’s Theatre Markgräfliches Opernhaus
Markgräfliches Opernhaus
The Markgräfliches Opernhaus is a Baroque opera house in the town of Bayreuth in Germany. It is one of Europe's few surviving theatres of the period and has been extensively restored...

, Bayreuth
Bayreuth
Bayreuth is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Frankish Alb and the Fichtelgebirge...

Pasticcio
Pasticcio
A pasticcio is an Italian term for a type of opera or a piece of music. Literally the term refers back to Greco-Roman dish pastitsio or pasticcio, which designated a kind of pie made of many different ingredients, sometimes translated as a "hodge-podge"...

Imeneo
Imeneo
Imeneo is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Silvio Stampiglia's Imeneo. Handel had begun composition in September 1738, but did not complete the score until 1740...

Imeneo London, theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields
Lincoln's Inn Fields
Lincoln's Inn Fields is the largest public square in London, England. It is thought to have been one of the inspirations of Central Park, New York. It was laid out in part by Inigo Jones from the early 17th century and opened to the public after its acquisition by London County Council in 1895...

 
Deidamia
Deidamia (opera)
Deidamia was George Frideric Handel's last Italian opera. The Italian text was by Paolo Antonio Rolli.-Performance history:The opera was first performed on 10 January 1741 at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, London. The opera received only three performances, at a time when the public was becoming...

Italian libretto London, theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields