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Duchy of Cleves
 
 
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The Duchy of Cleves was a state of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 in present Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 (part of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
) and the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 (parts of Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
, Noord-Brabant and Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
). Its territory was situated on both sides of the river Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, around its capital Cleves and roughly covering today's districts of Cleves, Wesel
Wesel (district)

Wesel is a Kreis in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Borken , Recklinghausen , district-free cities Bottrop, Oberhausen, Duisburg and Krefeld, districts Viersen , Cleves ....
 and the City of Duisburg
Duisburg

Duisburg is a Germany city in the western part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within D?sseldorf ....
.

The County of Cleves (Grafschaft Kleve) was first mentioned in the 11th century. In 1417, the county
County

A county is a land area of Local government government within a larger state. A county may have city and towns within its area....
 became a duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
.






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The Duchy of Cleves was a state of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 in present Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 (part of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
) and the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 (parts of Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
, Noord-Brabant and Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
). Its territory was situated on both sides of the river Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, around its capital Cleves and roughly covering today's districts of Cleves, Wesel
Wesel (district)

Wesel is a Kreis in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Borken , Recklinghausen , district-free cities Bottrop, Oberhausen, Duisburg and Krefeld, districts Viersen , Cleves ....
 and the City of Duisburg
Duisburg

Duisburg is a Germany city in the western part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within D?sseldorf ....
.

The County of Cleves (Grafschaft Kleve) was first mentioned in the 11th century. In 1417, the county
County

A county is a land area of Local government government within a larger state. A county may have city and towns within its area....
 became a duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
. Its history is closely related to that of its neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich
Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of J?lich was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory is situated in present day Germany and the Netherlands . It was situated on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital J?lich in the lower Rhineland....
, Berg
Berg (state)

The territory of Berg in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany emerged as a separate domain in mediaeval times. It comprised roughly the area between the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Sieg....
 and Guelders
Guelders

Guelders or Gueldres is the name of a historical county, later duchy in the Low Countries.The duchy was named after the town of Geldern, which is now in Germany....
 and the County of Mark. In 1368, Cleves and Mark were united. In 1521 Jülich, Berg, Cleves and Mark formed the united duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Jülich-Cleves-Berg

File:Armoiries Guillaume de Cl?ves.pngJ?lich-Cleves-Berg was a combination of states of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1423 the duchies of Duchy of J?lich and Duchy of Berg were united, and in 1521 they united with the duchy of Duchy of Cleves and the county of Mark to form J?lich-Cleves-Berg....
. Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves was a German noblewoman and the fourth Wives of Henry VIII of Henry VIII of England and as such she was List of English consorts from 6 January 1540 to 9 July 1540....
 (1515-1557), Queen Consort of England in 1540, was a daughter of Duke John III
John III, Duke of Cleves

John III, "The Peaceful", Duke of Duchy_of_Cleves-Mark_ was a son of John II, Duke of Cleves Duke of Kleve-Mark and Matilda of Hesse. Johann III became Regent of the combined Duchies of J?lich-Kleve-Berg in 1521, and Lord of County_of_Ravensberg in 1528....
.

When the last duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg died issueless in 1609, a war broke out for the succession. The duchy was divided between Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg

Palatinate-Neuburg is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km?, with a population of some 100,000....
 (Jülich and Berg) and Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
 (Cleves and Mark) in the Treaty of Xanten
Treaty of Xanten

The Treaty of Xanten was signed in the Lower Rhine town of Xanten on November 12, 1614 between Wolfgang William, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg and John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg ....
 (1614). However, large parts of the Duchy of Cleves were occupied by the United Provinces
Dutch Republic

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
 until 1672. Part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
 after 1701, Cleves was occupied by France in the Seven Years' War
Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War lasted between 1756?1763 and involved all of the major European powers of the period. The war pitted Kingdom of Prussia and Kingdom of Great Britain and a coalition of smaller German states against an alliance consisting of Archduchy of Austria, Early Modern France, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Sweden, and Electorate of Sa...
 (1757-1762).

In 1795 the Duchy of Cleves left of the Rhine and Wesel
Wesel

Wesel is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel ....
 was occupied by France
French Directory

The Executive Directory was a body of five Directors that held executive branch in France following the French Convention and preceding the French Consulate....
, and became part of the French département of the Roer
Roer (département)

Roer is the name of a d?partement in France of the First French Empire in present day Germany and the Netherlands. It was named after the river Rur, which flows through the d?partement....
. The rest of the duchy was occupied between 1803 and 1805, and became part of the département Yssel-Supérieur
Yssel-Supérieur

Yssel-Sup?rieur was the name of a d?partement in France of the First French Empire in the present Netherlands. It was named after the river IJssel....
 and the puppet-state Grand Duchy of Berg
Berg (state)

The territory of Berg in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany emerged as a separate domain in mediaeval times. It comprised roughly the area between the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Sieg....
 (after 1811 the département Lippe
Lippe (département)

Lippe is the name of a d?partement in France of the First French Empire in present Germany. It is named after the river Lippe river. It was formed in 1811, when a part of the Berg was annexed by France....
). In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon
Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century....
, the duchy became part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

The Province of J?lich-Cleves-Berg was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815-1822. The land held by the defunct united duchies of J?lich-Cleves-Berg formed the majority of the land in this new province....
 (after 1822 the Prussian Rhine Province
Rhine Province

The Rhine Province , also known as Rhenish Prussia and the Rhineland , was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1822-1946....
), except for a.o. the cities Gennep
Gennep

Gennep is a municipality and a city in the southeastern Netherlands....
, Zevenaar
Zevenaar

Media:Nl-Zevenaar.ogg is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands.Population centres *Angerlo*Babberich*Giesbeek*Lathum...
, and Huissen
Huissen

Huissen is a town in Gelderland, the Netherlands and has about 17.000 inhabitants. Huissen is in the municipality of Lingewaard. It was previously a municipality of its own, but in 2001 it merged with Gendt and Bemmel to form the new municipality Lingewaard....
 which became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
United Kingdom of the Netherlands

United Kingdom of the Netherlands was the unofficial name used to refer to a new unified European state created from part of the First French Empire during the Congress of Vienna in 1815....
.

Rulers of Cleves

Kbmg1477

Cleves


  • 1092-1119 Dietrich I
  • 1119-1147 Arnold I
  • 1147-1172 Dietrich II
  • 1172-1188 Dietrich III
  • 1188-1198 Dietrich IV
  • 1198-1201 Arnold II
  • 1201-1260 Dietrich V
  • 1260-1275 Dietrich VI
  • 1275-1305 Dietrich VII von Meissen
  • 1305-1310 Otto
  • 1310-1347 Dietrich VIII
  • 1347-1368 Johann


Cleves-Mark


  • 1368-1394 Adolf III-see De la Marck
    De la Marck

    De la Marck or van der Marck was an important family in the history of the Prince-Bishopric of Li?ge. Later they become Dukes of Bouillon....
     family
  • 1394-1448 Adolph I
    Adolph I, Duke of Cleves

    Adolph I, Duke of Cleves was the son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Julich . Shortly before the year 1400 he married Agnes daughter of Rupert of Germany and Elisabeth of Nuremberg....
  • 1448-1481 John I
    John I, Duke of Cleves

    John I, Duke of Cleves son of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves. He ruled Cleves from 1448 from 1481. On 22 April, 1455 he married Elizabeth of Nevers, daughter of John II, Count of Nevers....
     - father of Engelbert, Count of Nevers
    Engelbert, Count of Nevers

    Engelbert of Cleves, Count of Nevers was the younger son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elisabeth of Nevers.He married Charlotte of Bourbon-Vend?me, daughter of Jean VIII, Count of Vend?me, circa 1489....
  • 1481-1521 John II "The Pious"
    John II, Duke of Cleves

    John II, "The Babymaker", Duke of Duchy_of_Cleves-Mark_, was a son of John I, Duke of Cleves Duke of Kleve-Mark and Elizabeth, Princess of Burgundy....


Cleves-Mark-Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg


  • 1511-1539 Johann III "The Peaceful"
  • 1539-1592 Wilhelm "The Rich"
    Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

    William ?the Rich? was a Duke of J?lich-Cleves-Berg .William was born in and died in D?sseldorf. He was the only son of John III, Duke of Cleves, Duke of J?lich-Cleves-Berg, and Maria of J?lich-Berg....
  • 1592-1609 Johann Wilhelm


External links