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Guelders or Gueldres (Dutch
Dutch language

Dutch is a West Germanic languages spoken by over 22 million people as a first language, and about 5 million people as a second language."1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." Outside the European Union the number of second language speakers of Dutch is very small. Most native...
: Gelre, German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
: Geldern) is the name of a historical county, later duchy in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
.

The duchy was named after the town of Geldern
Geldern

Geldern is a city in the northwest of the States of Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Cleves , which is part of the Regierungsbezirk D?sseldorf ....
, which is now in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. The present province of Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
 (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 occupies most of the area of the former duchy.

The county and duchy of Guelders consisted not only of parts of the actual Dutch provinces of Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
 and Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
 but also part of the present-day German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 state
States of Germany

Germany is a federation consisting of sixteen states, known in German language as L?nder . Since Land is the literal German word for "country", the term Bundesl?nder is commonly used colloquially, as it is more specific, though technically incorrect within the corpus of German law....
 of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
.

duchy originated in the area of Geldern
Geldern

Geldern is a city in the northwest of the States of Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Cleves , which is part of the Regierungsbezirk D?sseldorf ....
 and Roermond
Roermond

Roermond is a city, a municipality, and a Diocese of Roermond in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.The city of Roermond is a historically important town, on the east bank of the river Maas ....
, with its main stronghold at Montfort
Montfort (Netherlands)

Montfort is a town in the Netherlands province of Limburg . Montfort has about 3300 inhabitants. It lies about 8 km south of Roermond. It received City rights in the Netherlands in 1271....
 (built 1260).






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Guelders or Gueldres (Dutch
Dutch language

Dutch is a West Germanic languages spoken by over 22 million people as a first language, and about 5 million people as a second language."1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." Outside the European Union the number of second language speakers of Dutch is very small. Most native...
: Gelre, German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
: Geldern) is the name of a historical county, later duchy in the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
.

The duchy was named after the town of Geldern
Geldern

Geldern is a city in the northwest of the States of Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Cleves , which is part of the Regierungsbezirk D?sseldorf ....
, which is now in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. The present province of Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
 (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 occupies most of the area of the former duchy.

The county and duchy of Guelders consisted not only of parts of the actual Dutch provinces of Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
 and Limburg
Limburg (Netherlands)

Limburg is the southern-most of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and bordered by Belgium to the south and part of the west, Germany to the east, the Dutch province of North Brabant partly to the west, and the province of Gelderland to the north....
 but also part of the present-day German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 state
States of Germany

Germany is a federation consisting of sixteen states, known in German language as L?nder . Since Land is the literal German word for "country", the term Bundesl?nder is commonly used colloquially, as it is more specific, though technically incorrect within the corpus of German law....
 of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

North Rhine - Westphalia is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the largest States of Germany of Germany. North Rhine - Westphalia has over 18 million inhabitants, contributes about 22% of Germany's gross domestic product and comprises a land area of 34,083 km? ....
.

History

Gelre1477
The duchy originated in the area of Geldern
Geldern

Geldern is a city in the northwest of the States of Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Cleves , which is part of the Regierungsbezirk D?sseldorf ....
 and Roermond
Roermond

Roermond is a city, a municipality, and a Diocese of Roermond in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.The city of Roermond is a historically important town, on the east bank of the river Maas ....
, with its main stronghold at Montfort
Montfort (Netherlands)

Montfort is a town in the Netherlands province of Limburg . Montfort has about 3300 inhabitants. It lies about 8 km south of Roermond. It received City rights in the Netherlands in 1271....
 (built 1260). It was often at war with its neighbours, such as the duchy of Brabant
Brabant

Historically, Brabant has been the name of several administrative entities in the Low Countries with quite different geographical extent:* The Carolingian pagus Bracbatensis, located between the rivers Scheldt and Dijle between the 9th and 11th century;...
, the county of Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht
Archbishop of Utrecht

The Bishopric of Utrecht was a bishopric based in the Netherlands city of Utrecht . It was one of the Prince-Bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire....
.

In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders quickly expanded downstream along the sides of the Maas
Maas

Maas is a Dutch language and Low German surname allegedly from a short form of Thomas .Many believe Maas to be a shortened Americanized form of the surname Moskowitz...
, Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, and IJssel
IJssel

River IJssel , sometimes called Gelderse IJssel to avoid confusion with its Hollandse IJssel namesake in the west of the Netherlands, is a branch of the Rhine in the Netherlands provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel....
 rivers, until it lost the Battle of Worringen
Battle of Worringen

File:Johann von Brabant Heidelberger Liederhandschrift.jpgThe Battle of Worringen was fought on June 5, 1288 near the town of Worringen , which is now the northern-most borough of Cologne....
 (1288). It lost its independence in 1543 to the duke of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
.

The duchy was divided into four quarters:

  • the quarter of Roermond
    Roermond

    Roermond is a city, a municipality, and a Diocese of Roermond in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.The city of Roermond is a historically important town, on the east bank of the river Maas ....
    , also called the Overkwartier (Upper Quarter)
  • the quarter of Arnhem
    Arnhem

    Arnhem is a city and municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located near the river Nederrijn as well as near the St....
    , also called the Veluwe
    Veluwe

    The Veluwe is a forest-rich ridge of hills in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. The Veluwe features many different landscapes including woodland, heath, some small lakes and Europe's largest sand drifts....
    ,
  • the quarter of Nijmegen
    Nijmegen

    Nijmegen is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, near the Germany border. It is considered to be the oldest city in the Netherlands and celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 2005....
    , also called the Betuwe
    Betuwe

    Betuwe is an area in the Netherlands in the province of Gelderland. Tacitus knew it as Insula Batavorum and indeed it could be considered a large river island, but nowadays it hardly ever is viewed as such ....
    ,
  • the quarter of Zutphen
    Zutphen

    Media:Nl-Zutphen.ogg is a city in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It lies some 30 km north-east of Arnhem, on the Eastern bank of the river IJssel at the point where it is joined by the Berkel....
    , also called the Achterhoek
    Achterhoek

    File:Doesburg straat.jpgFile:2007-01-23 10.42 Zutphen, Walburgkerk met stadsmuur foto3.JPGFile:Zonnebrinkkerk.jpgThe Achterhoek is a region in the eastern part of the Netherlands, Europe....
    ,


The first, upstream, quarter was geographically separated from the other three.

When the northern Netherlands revolted against Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain

Philip II was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, List of monarchs of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England, as husband of Mary I of England, from 1554 to 1558, lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories, such as Duke or Count; and King of Portugal as Philip I...
 in the 16th century, the three northern quarters became part of the United Provinces
Dutch Republic

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
, while the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Southern Netherlands
Southern Netherlands

The Southern Netherlands were a part of the Low Countries controlled by Spain , Austria and captured by France . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg as well as, until 1678, most of the present Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in northern France....
.

At the Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht

The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprises a series of individual peace treaty signed in the Dutch Republic city of Utrecht in March and April 1713....
, ending the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession

War of the Spanish Succession was a war fought in 1701-1714, in which several European powers combined to stop a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch, upsetting the European Balance of power in international relations....
 in 1713, the Spanish Upper Quarter was divided between Prussian Guelders
Prussian Guelders

Prussian Guelders or Prussian Gelderland was the part of the Duchy of Guelders ruled by the Kingdom of Prussia from 1713. Its capital was Geldern....
 (a.o. Geldern
Geldern

Geldern is a city in the northwest of the States of Germany North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Cleves , which is part of the Regierungsbezirk D?sseldorf ....
, Viersen
Viersen

Viersen is the capital of the Viersen , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany....
, Horst
Horst aan de Maas

Horst aan de Maas is a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, in the province of Limburg ....
, Venray
Venray

Venray is a municipality and a town in the southeastern Netherlands....
), the United Provinces (a.o. Venlo
Venlo

Venlo is a municipality and a city in the southeastern Netherlands. It is situated in the province of Limburg .On January 1, 2003, the municipalities of Tegelen and Belfeld were added to that of Venlo....
, Montfort, Echt), Austria
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
 (a.o. Roermond
Roermond

Roermond is a city, a municipality, and a Diocese of Roermond in the southeastern part of the Netherlands.The city of Roermond is a historically important town, on the east bank of the river Maas ....
, Niederkrüchten
Niederkrüchten

Niederkr?chten is a municipality in the Viersen , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approx. 15 km east of Roermond and 15 km west of M?nchengladbach....
, Weert
Weert

This is about the city in the Netherlands. For other uses, see Weert .Weert is a municipality and a city in the southeastern Netherlands with 48,558 inhabitants....
) and the duchy of Jülich
Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of J?lich was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory is situated in present day Germany and the Netherlands . It was situated on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital J?lich in the lower Rhineland....
 (Erkelenz
Erkelenz

Erkelenz is a town in the district Heinsberg , in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in the Rhineland region of Germany....
).

Coat of arms of Guelders


The coat of arms of the region evolved during the ages.



Guelders in popular culture

William Thatcher, the lead character in the 2001 film A Knight's Tale
A Knight's Tale (film)

A Knight's Tale is a 2001 in film action film/adventure film/romantic comedy film directed, produced, and written by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, and Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer....
 played by Heath Ledger
Heath Ledger

Heath Andrew Ledger was an Australian television and film actor. After performing roles in Australian television and film during the 1990s, Ledger moved to the United States in 1998 to develop his movie career....
 claimed to be Sir Ulrich von Liechtenstein
Ulrich von Liechtenstein

Ulrich von Liechtenstein was a medieval Nobility, knight, politician, and minnesanger. He was born in 1200 in Murau, located in present day Austria....
 from Gelderland
Gelderland

Gelderland is a Provinces of the Netherlands of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem....
 so as to appear to be of noble birth and thus qualify to participate in jousting.

See also

  • Dukes of Guelders
    Dukes of Guelders

    Sorry, no overview for this topic
  • Prussian Guelders
    Prussian Guelders

    Prussian Guelders or Prussian Gelderland was the part of the Duchy of Guelders ruled by the Kingdom of Prussia from 1713. Its capital was Geldern....


External links