Lower Lorraine

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Lower Lorraine

The Duchy of Lower Lorraine or Lower Lotharingia encompassed part of modern-day Belgium

Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, the Netherlands

Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
, Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
west of the Rhine

Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, and a part of northern France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
(east of the Schelde). It was created out of the former Carolingian

Carolingian

File:Charlemagne denier Mayence 812 814.jpgThe Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century....
kingdom of Lotharingia

Lotharingia

Lotharingia or Duchy of Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to Lothair, King of Lotharingia , who received it in 855 from his Carolingian father, Lothair I , Carolingian Empire....
. The kingdom was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under the French king Charles the Simple

Charles the Simple

Charles III , called the Simple or the Straightforward , was a member of the Carolingian dynasty who ruled as List of French monarchs from 893 to 922/923....
in 910.

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Encyclopedia

The Duchy of Lower Lorraine or Lower Lotharingia encompassed part of modern-day Belgium

Belgium

Netherlands

Germany

Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
, and a part of northern France

France

Carolingian

File:Charlemagne denier Mayence 812 814.jpgThe Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century....
kingdom of Lotharingia

Lotharingia

Charles the Simple

Charles III , called the Simple or the Straightforward , was a member of the Carolingian dynasty who ruled as List of French monarchs from 893 to 922/923....
in 910. From there it formed a duchy which eventually declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler (c.923), an act which the French monarchs were helpless to revert, and Lotharingia (or Lorraine) became a German stem duchy

Stem duchy

Stem duchies were associated with the Frankish Kingdom, especially the Eastern Francia, in the Early Middle Ages. In contrast to later duchies, these entities were not defined by strict administrative boundaries but by the area of settlement of major Germanic tribes....
. In 959, the Duke Bruno

Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne

Bruno the Great or Bruno I was Archbishopric of Cologne, Germany, from 953 until his death, and Duke of Lotharingia from 954. He was the brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany and later Holy Roman Emperor....
divided the duchy into two duchies): Lower and Upper Lorraine (or Lower and Upper Lotharingia). Lower Lorraine was to the north (lower down the river system) and Upper Lorraine was to the south (further up the river system).

The duchies took very separate paths thereafter and were only briefly reunited under Gothelo I

Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine

Gothelo or Gozelo , called the Great, was the duke of Lower Lorraine from 1023 and of Duke of Lorraine from 1033. He was also the margrave of Antwerp from 1005 and count of Verdun....
from 1033 to 1044. After that, the Lower duchy was quickly marginalised. Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply Lorraine.

The ducal title was granted to the lord of Bouillon

Lords of Bouillon

The lordship of Bouillon was in the 10th and 11th century one of the core holdings of the Ardennes-Bouillon dynasty, and appears to have been their original patrimonial possession.Murray, p....
in 1087 and, in 1106, to the count of Leuven. The duke of Brabant

Duke of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184. The title "Duke of Brabant" was created by the German Emperor Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor in favor of Henry I, Duke of Brabant, son of Godfrey III of Leuven ....
inherited the duchy in 1190, but the Duchy of Lower Lorraine lost its territorial authority at the Diet of Schwäbisch Hall

Schwäbisch Hall

Schw?bisch Hall is a town in the Germany States of Germany of Baden-W?rttemberg; it is the capital of the district of Schw?bisch Hall . The town is located in the valley of the river Kocher in the north-eastern part of Baden-W?rttemberg....
. The remnant imperial fief was later called the Duchy of Lothier

Duke of Lothier

Lothier refers to the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the Duke of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until the end of the Ancien R?gime in 1796....
(or Lothryk).

Successor states

After the territorial power of the duchy was shattered, many fiefdoms came to independence in its area. The most important ones of these were:

Archbishopric of Cologne
Archbishopric of Cologne

The Electorate of Cologne was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire and existed from the 10th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the temporal possessions of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne ....
Bishopric of Liège
Bishopric of Liège

The Bishopric of Li?ge or Prince-Bishopric of Li?ge was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium. It belonged from 1500 on to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle....
Bishopric of Utrecht
Bishopric of Cambrai
Duchy of Limburg
Duchy of Limburg

The Duchy of Limburg was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of parts of the present Belgium provinces Li?ge and Limburg , the Netherlands province of Limburg , and a small part of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany ....
County of Guelders
Guelders

Guelders or Gueldres is the name of a historical county, later duchy in the Low Countries.The duchy was named after the town of Geldern, which is now in Germany....
(includes also the shire Teisterbant)
Margravate of Ename, later called Imperial Flanders
Flanders

Flanders is a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied....
or the County of Aalst
Aalst, Belgium

Aalst is a city and Municipalities in Belgium on the Dender River, 19 miles northwest from Brussels. It is located in the Flemish Region Provinces of Belgium of East Flanders....
County of Jülich
Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of J?lich was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory is situated in present day Germany and the Netherlands . It was situated on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital J?lich in the lower Rhineland....
County of Namur
Marquis of Namur

The following is a list of Marquisses or Margraves of Namur .Namur was not often an independent state, rather under the dominion of other entities like the counties of Count of Hainaut and County of Flanders or the Duchy of Burgundy....
County of Cleves
Duchy of Cleves

The Duchy of Cleves was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany and the Netherlands . Its territory was situated on both sides of the river Rhine, around its capital Cleves and roughly covering today's Cleves , Wesel and the City of Duisburg....
County of Hainault, including the Margravate of Valenciennes and the County of Bergen
County of Holland
County of Berg
Berg (state)

The territory of Berg in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany emerged as a separate domain in mediaeval times. It comprised roughly the area between the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Sieg....

The following successor states remained under the authority of the titular dukes of Lower Lorraine (Lothier):

Margravate of Antwerp
Antwerp

||-||-||-||}Antwerp is a city and municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Antwerp in Flanders, one of Belgium's three regions....
County of Leuven and Brussels
Brussels

Brussels , officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is the de facto capital city of the European Union and the largest urban area in Belgium....
Duchy of Brabant
Duchy of Brabant

The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of not only the three modern-day Belgium provinces of Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and Antwerp as well as the Brussels-Capital Region, but also the present-day Netherlands province of North Brabant....