Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens
Encyclopedia
New Zealand citizens travelling on New Zealand passport
s are permitted to enter a number of foreign countries without the need to apply for a visa prior to arrival under certain conditions.
Where visa-free access is permitted or a visa-on-arrival facility is available, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Many foreign countries require New Zealanders engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, to apply for a visa or work permit. However, a few countries, such as France and Germany, do permit New Zealanders to work during their visa-exempt stay.
According to the Henley Visa Restrictions Index 2011, New Zealand citizens can travel to 166 countries visa-free / with visa on arrival.
Normally, Schengen states permit Annex II foreign nationals (i.e. those who are visa-exempt) to stay visa-free in the Schengen area as a whole - rather than each country individually - for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months. However, the New Zealand Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow New Zealand citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement
, the European Commission
has confirmed that in practice if New Zealanders visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with New Zealand, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.
New Zealand has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:
Consequently, New Zealand citizens can visit the above Schengen states visa-free for periods of up to 3 months in each country. If, however, a New Zealand citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than 3 months out of a 6-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if a New Zealand citizen has already spent 3 months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with New Zealand may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).
For entry into Hungary
, even if a New Zealand citizen has already spent up to 3 months in other parts of the Schengen area, he/she can enter Hungary and remain there for up to a further 90 days visa-free. But following this period, if 3 months has already spent elsewhere in the Schengen area, he/she must then leave the Schengen area from Hungary and go directly to a country outside the Schengen area (which in practice obliges one to travel by air). New Zealand citizens who wish to stay in Hungary for more than 90 days can apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).
Germany
permits New Zealand citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA
and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).
The Netherlands exempts New Zealand citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180 day period.
Although a Schengen signatory state, Switzerland
offers New Zealand citizens a more generous visa exemption than that which Schengen rules normally provide for. Not only are New Zealand citizens able to spend 3 months visa-free in Switzerland, they can also stay for over 3 months (i.e. without time limit) without the need to apply for a visa. However, at a cantonal
level, individual cantonal migration authorities may impose further requirements, such as the need to register for a residence permit, if a New Zealand citizen wants to take up employment or reside for over 3 months, in which case a residence permit must be applied for before entry to Switzerland.
However, even though, strictly speaking, he/she is not required to apply for a visa if he/she satisfies all of the above criteria, a New Zealand citizen who falls into any of the following categories is strongly advised by the UK Border Agency
to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK:
New Zealand citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode
are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.
New Zealand citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom
, Channel Islands
or Isle of Man
at any time or in the Republic of Ireland
on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance
, which enables them to work in the UK for 5 years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.
New Zealand citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday
in the UK for 2 years.
New Zealand citizens can study in the United Kingdom for up to 6 months as a student visitor without the need to apply for a visa as long as they do not work during this period. If attending a course which is longer than 6 months, New Zealand citizens can apply for a Tier 4 student visa in New Zealand or in the UK merely by completing the application form, quoting the Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) reference number issued to them by their UK education provider and presenting evidence of care arrangements (if under the age of 18); they do not need to submit proof of sufficient funds, qualifications or English language ability (which most other foreign nationals need to demonstrate) as long as the UK education provider is recognised as a 'Highly Trusted' sponsor by the UK Border Agency
. However, the UK Border Agency
reserves the right to request such evidence in particular situations and New Zealand citizens must still present such evidence if applying for a Tier 4 student visa outside New Zealand or the UK. New Zealand citizens who have been issued with a Tier 4 student visa (but not those who are in the UK as student visitors) can work in the UK for up to 20 hours per week during term-time and without time restrictions outside term-time.
, New Zealand citizens are granted a Special Category Visa
on arrival in Australia (which permits residence and work for an indefinite period) as long as:
New Zealand passport
New Zealand passports are issued to New Zealand citizens for the purpose of international travel. The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for issuing New Zealand passports.-History:...
s are permitted to enter a number of foreign countries without the need to apply for a visa prior to arrival under certain conditions.
Where visa-free access is permitted or a visa-on-arrival facility is available, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Many foreign countries require New Zealanders engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, to apply for a visa or work permit. However, a few countries, such as France and Germany, do permit New Zealanders to work during their visa-exempt stay.
According to the Henley Visa Restrictions Index 2011, New Zealand citizens can travel to 166 countries visa-free / with visa on arrival.
Visa-free countries and territories
The following countries and territories allow New Zealand citizens to enter without having to apply for a visa in advance as long as they fulfil certain conditions.Summary of advance visa exemptions
Summary of advance visa exemptions
Summary of advance visa exemptions
Summary of advance visa exemptions
Visa exemptions for Schengen states
During the visa exemption period, New Zealand citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.Normally, Schengen states permit Annex II foreign nationals (i.e. those who are visa-exempt) to stay visa-free in the Schengen area as a whole - rather than each country individually - for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months. However, the New Zealand Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow New Zealand citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement
Schengen Agreement
The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 near the town of Schengen in Luxembourg, between five of the ten member states of the European Economic Community. It was supplemented by the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement 5 years later...
, the European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
has confirmed that in practice if New Zealanders visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with New Zealand, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.
New Zealand has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:
|
Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe.... Iceland Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population... Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and... Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south... |
Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million... Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the... Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula... Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.... Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition.... |
Consequently, New Zealand citizens can visit the above Schengen states visa-free for periods of up to 3 months in each country. If, however, a New Zealand citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than 3 months out of a 6-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if a New Zealand citizen has already spent 3 months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with New Zealand may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).
For entry into Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, even if a New Zealand citizen has already spent up to 3 months in other parts of the Schengen area, he/she can enter Hungary and remain there for up to a further 90 days visa-free. But following this period, if 3 months has already spent elsewhere in the Schengen area, he/she must then leave the Schengen area from Hungary and go directly to a country outside the Schengen area (which in practice obliges one to travel by air). New Zealand citizens who wish to stay in Hungary for more than 90 days can apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).
Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
permits New Zealand citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA
EEA
EEA or Eea may refer to:* Eea or Electron affinity, the energy required to detach an electron from a singly charged negative ion* River Eea, in Cumbria, England* EEA Helicopter Operations, a Dutch subsidiary of CHC Helicopter...
and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).
The Netherlands exempts New Zealand citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180 day period.
Although a Schengen signatory state, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
offers New Zealand citizens a more generous visa exemption than that which Schengen rules normally provide for. Not only are New Zealand citizens able to spend 3 months visa-free in Switzerland, they can also stay for over 3 months (i.e. without time limit) without the need to apply for a visa. However, at a cantonal
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
level, individual cantonal migration authorities may impose further requirements, such as the need to register for a residence permit, if a New Zealand citizen wants to take up employment or reside for over 3 months, in which case a residence permit must be applied for before entry to Switzerland.
Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom
New Zealand citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from the Republic of Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:- they do not work during their stay in the UK
- they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
- they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
- they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
- they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel AreaCommon Travel AreaThe Common Travel Area is a passport-free zone that comprises the islands of Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The area's internal borders are subject to minimal or non-existent border controls and can normally be crossed by Irish and British citizens with only...
- if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK
However, even though, strictly speaking, he/she is not required to apply for a visa if he/she satisfies all of the above criteria, a New Zealand citizen who falls into any of the following categories is strongly advised by the UK Border Agency
UK Border Agency
The UK Border Agency is the border control body of the United Kingdom government and part of the Home Office. It was formed on 1 April 2008 by a merger of the Border and Immigration Agency , UKvisas and the Detection functions of HM Revenue and Customs...
to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK:
- he/she has any unspent criminal convictions in any country
- he/she has previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
- he/she has previously applied for a visa and been refused one
- he/she has been warned by a UK official that he/she should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK
New Zealand citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode
Right of Abode (United Kingdom)
The right of abode is a status under United Kingdom immigration law that gives an unrestricted right to live in the United Kingdom. It was introduced by the Immigration Act 1971.-British citizens:...
are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.
New Zealand citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Channel Islands
Channel Islands
The Channel Islands are an archipelago of British Crown Dependencies in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey...
or Isle of Man
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
at any time or in the Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance
UK Ancestry Entry Clearance
A UK Ancestry Entry Clearance often referred to as an "Ancestry Visa" is a United Kingdom Entry Clearance for Commonwealth citizens with a grandparent born in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man who wish to work in the United Kingdom. It is used mainly by young Australians, New...
, which enables them to work in the UK for 5 years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.
New Zealand citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday
Working holiday visa
A working holiday visa is a travel permit which allows travellers to undertake employment in the country issuing the visa for the purpose of supplementing their travel funds....
in the UK for 2 years.
New Zealand citizens can study in the United Kingdom for up to 6 months as a student visitor without the need to apply for a visa as long as they do not work during this period. If attending a course which is longer than 6 months, New Zealand citizens can apply for a Tier 4 student visa in New Zealand or in the UK merely by completing the application form, quoting the Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) reference number issued to them by their UK education provider and presenting evidence of care arrangements (if under the age of 18); they do not need to submit proof of sufficient funds, qualifications or English language ability (which most other foreign nationals need to demonstrate) as long as the UK education provider is recognised as a 'Highly Trusted' sponsor by the UK Border Agency
UK Border Agency
The UK Border Agency is the border control body of the United Kingdom government and part of the Home Office. It was formed on 1 April 2008 by a merger of the Border and Immigration Agency , UKvisas and the Detection functions of HM Revenue and Customs...
. However, the UK Border Agency
UK Border Agency
The UK Border Agency is the border control body of the United Kingdom government and part of the Home Office. It was formed on 1 April 2008 by a merger of the Border and Immigration Agency , UKvisas and the Detection functions of HM Revenue and Customs...
reserves the right to request such evidence in particular situations and New Zealand citizens must still present such evidence if applying for a Tier 4 student visa outside New Zealand or the UK. New Zealand citizens who have been issued with a Tier 4 student visa (but not those who are in the UK as student visitors) can work in the UK for up to 20 hours per week during term-time and without time restrictions outside term-time.
Summary of advance visa exemptions
Visa exemption for Australia
By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel ArrangementTrans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement is an informal agreement between Australia and New Zealand to allow for the free movement of citizens of one nation to the other.- Treaty history :...
, New Zealand citizens are granted a Special Category Visa
Special Category Visa
A Special Category Visa is a type of Australian visa granted to most New Zealand citizens on arrival in Australia. New Zealand Citizens may then reside in Australia indefinitely under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement.- History :...
on arrival in Australia (which permits residence and work for an indefinite period) as long as:
- they present a valid New Zealand passportNew Zealand passportNew Zealand passports are issued to New Zealand citizens for the purpose of international travel. The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for issuing New Zealand passports.-History:...
- they have no criminal convictions
- they have no untreated tuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
- they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country
Working holiday visa
New Zealand nationals are also able to apply for working holiday visas in the following countries (which allows work alongside travel).Americas
| Countries and Territories | Conditions of access | Age restrictions | Reciprocity of entry conditions imposed by New Zealand |
|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina |
12 months (ordinarily resident in NZ at time of application) http://www.arg.org.nz/consular/visas.htm | 18–30 years old | |
 Brazil |
12 months (ordinarily resident in NZ at time of application) | 18–30 years old | |
 Canada |
12 months http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/asia/whp/intro-en.asp | 18–35 years old | |
 Chile |
12 months http://www.embchile.co.nz/Espanol/consulado/WHForm.doc | 18–30 years old |
Asia
| Countries and Territories | Conditions of access | Age restrictions | Reciprocity of entry conditions imposed by New Zealand |
|---|---|---|---|
 Hong Kong |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; study permitted for one course lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.immd.gov.hk/ehtml/hkvisas_10.htm | 18–30 years old | |
 Japan |
12 months http://www.nz.emb-japan.go.jp/visiting_japan/working_holiday_visa.html | 18–30 years old | |
 Singapore |
6 months (the applicant must be in university education - either undergraduate or graduate) http://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/momportal/en/communities/work_pass/other_passes/work_holiday_programme.html | 17–30 years old | |
 South Korea |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; study permitted for Korean language courses lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.g4f.go.kr/pt/FaqDetailR_en.pt?cnsltGbCd=20&faqGbCd=2002&faqSeq=122&locale=en | 18–30 years old | |
 Republic of China |
12 months (initial visa lasts 180 days, after which it can be extended for another 180 days; maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; Chinese language study permitted lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.boca.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=117&CtUnit=80&BaseDSD=7&mp=2 | 18–30 years old | |
 Thailand |
12 months (must have completed at least 3 years of tertiary education) http://www.thaiembassynz.org.nz/Visa/WorkingHolidayVisa.htm | 18–30 years old |
Europe
| Countries and Territories | Conditions of access | Age restrictions | Reciprocity of entry conditions imposed by New Zealand |
|---|---|---|---|
 Belgium |
12 months (study permitted lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.diplomatie.be/canberra/default.asp?id=28&mnu=28&ACT=5&content=123 | 18–30 years old | |
 Czech Republic |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; study permitted for one course lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.mzv.cz/sydney/en/visa_consular_information/visa_information/working_holidays_scheme_for_new_zealand.html | 18–30 years old | |
 Denmark |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 6 months; study permitted lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.nyidanmark.dk/resources.ashx/Resources/Blanketter/Ansoegningsskemaer/2008/wh1_en_residence_permit_working_holiday.pdf | 18–30 years old | |
 Estonia |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; study permitted for one course lasting no more than 3 months) http://www.vm.ee/?q=en/node/9232 | 18–30 years old | |
 Finland |
12 months http://www.finland.org.au/public/default.aspx?contentid=88198&contentlan=2&culture=en-US | 18–30 years old | |
 Early Modern France |
12 months (after obtaining a visa from a French foreign mission, a residence permit must then be obtained upon arrival in France from the local Labour Department office) http://dev.ambafrance-nz.org/spip.php?article1627&var_mode=calcul | 18–30 years old | |
 Germany |
12 months http://www.wellington.diplo.de/Vertretung/wellington/en/01/working__holiday__download,property=Daten.pdf | 18–30 years old | |
 Republic of Ireland |
12 months http://www.ireland.co.nz/workingholidays.asp | 18–30 years old | |
 Norway |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months; a further extension of 12 months is possible) http://www.norway.org.au/Embassy/Visa-and-other-permits1/Working-Holiday-Visa/workingholidaynewzealand/ | 18–30 years old | |
 Spain |
12 months (maximum work length for one employer is 3 months, with a maximum of 6 months work allowed in total) http://www.maec.es/subwebs/Embajadas/Wellington/es/MenuPpal/embajada/anuncios/Paginas/anuncios.aspx | 18–30 years old | |
 Sweden |
12 months http://www.migrationsverket.se/info/164_en.html | 18–30 years old | |
 United Kingdom |
24 months (privately funded study also permitted) http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/workingintheuk/tier5/youthmobilityscheme/ | 18–30 years old |