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The Vi?t Minh (abbreviated from Vi?t Nam Đ?c L?p Đ?ng Minh H?i, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a national liberation movement which dated its foundation to May 19 1941 in South China. The Vi?t Minh initially formed to seek independence
Independence

Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, or some portion thereof, generally exercising sovereignty....
 for Vietnam
Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
 from France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 and later to oppose the Japanese occupation
Vietnam during World War II

World War II was an event as decisive to Vietnam as the France taking of ?? N?ng in 1858. Nationalist sentiments intensified in Vietnam, especially during and after World War I, but all the uprisings and tentative efforts failed to obtain any concessions from the French overseers....
.

ng World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, Japan
Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
 occupied French Indochina
French Indochina

French Indochina was the part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina, as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
. As well as fighting the Vichy French, the Vi?t Minh started a campaign
Military campaign

In the military sciences, a military campaign is a term applied to Scale , long duration, significant military strategy Military plan incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war....
 against the Japanese.






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The Vi?t Minh (abbreviated from Vi?t Nam Đ?c L?p Đ?ng Minh H?i, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a national liberation movement which dated its foundation to May 19 1941 in South China. The Vi?t Minh initially formed to seek independence
Independence

Independence is the self-government of a nation, country, or state by its residents and population, or some portion thereof, generally exercising sovereignty....
 for Vietnam
Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
 from France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 and later to oppose the Japanese occupation
Vietnam during World War II

World War II was an event as decisive to Vietnam as the France taking of ?? N?ng in 1858. Nationalist sentiments intensified in Vietnam, especially during and after World War I, but all the uprisings and tentative efforts failed to obtain any concessions from the French overseers....
.

World War II

During World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, Japan
Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
 occupied French Indochina
French Indochina

French Indochina was the part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina, as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
. As well as fighting the Vichy French, the Vi?t Minh started a campaign
Military campaign

In the military sciences, a military campaign is a term applied to Scale , long duration, significant military strategy Military plan incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war....
 against the Japanese. Due to their opposition to the Japanese, the Vi?t Minh received funding from the Americans
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 and the Chinese
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, though the Chinese Nationalists would imprison H? Chí Minh
Ho Chi Minh

H? Ch? Minh was a Vietnamese communism revolutionary and statesman who was Prime Minister and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ....
 for more than a year during the fight against the Japanese military dictatorship
Military dictatorship

A military dictatorship is a form of government wherein the political power resides with the military. It is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military....
 because Ho was a follower of the communist ideology. When Japan surrendered in August 1945, the Japanese handed over control of some public buildings in Hanoi
Hanoi

Hanoi , estimated population 3,398,889 , is the Capital of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, with a few brief interruptions, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam....
 to the Vi?t Minh, now led by H? Chí Minh, after turning in the Vietnamese nationalist leaders of the Vi?t Minh to the French colonialists. After the nationalist organizations proclaimed the independence of Vi?t Nam, H? proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945.

First Indochina War

However, within days the Chinese Kuomintang
Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China , also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is the founding and the ruling party of the Republic of China ....
 (Nationalist) Army arrived in Vietnam to supervise the repatriation of the Japanese Imperial Army. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam therefore existed only in theory and effectively controlled no territory. A few months later, the Chinese, Vietnamese and French came to a three way understanding. The French gave up certain rights in China, the Vi?t Minh agreed to the return of the French in exchange for promises of independence within the French Union
French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French colonial empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status....
 and the Chinese agreed to leave. Negotiations between the French and Vi?t Minh broke down quickly. What followed was nearly ten years of war against France. This was known as the First Indochina War
First Indochina War

The First Indochina War was fought in French Indochina from December 19, 1946, until August 1, 1954, between the French Union?s French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by B?o ??i?s Vietnamese National Army against the Vi?t Minh, led by H? Ch? Minh and V? Nguy?n Gi?p....
 or, to the Vietnamese, the French War.

French General Jean-Etienne Valluy
Jean-Étienne Valluy

Jean Etienne Valluy was a French general .He was born in Rive-de-Gier, in the Loire, France, on 15 May 1899 to Claude Valluy and Jeanne, Adrienne Cossanges....
 quickly pushed the Vi?t Minh out of Hanoi
Hanoi

Hanoi , estimated population 3,398,889 , is the Capital of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, with a few brief interruptions, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam....
. His French infantry with armored units went through Hanoi, fighting small battles against isolated Vi?t Minh groups. The French encircled the Vi?t Minh base, Vi?t B?c
Viet Bac

Vi?t B?c is a region of Vietnam north of Hanoi that served as the Viet Minh's base of support during the First Indochina War .Vi?t B?c is also called the capital of northernmost Vietnam because this area was the location of the headquarters of the Vietnam Communist party at the period before the rising against French domination in 1945, an...
 in 1947, but failed to defeat the Vi?t Minh forces, and had to retreat soon after that. The campaign is now widely considered as a Vi?t Minh victory over the well-equipped force of the French.

The Vi?t Minh continued fighting against the French until 1949, when the border of China and Viet Nam was linked together as the result of the campaign called Chi?n d?ch Biên gi?i (Borderland Campaign). The newly Communist People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 gave the Vi?t Minh both sheltered bases and heavy weapons with which to fight the French. With the additional weapons, the Vi?t Minh were able to take control over many rural
Rural

Rural areas are large and isolated areas of a country, often with low populations. Today, 75 percent of the United States' inhabitants live in suburban and urban areas, but cities occupy only 2 percent of the country....
 areas of the country. Soon after that, they began to advance towards the French occupied areas.

North Vietnam

Following their defeat at the Battle of Đi?n Biên Ph?
Battle of Dien Bien Phu

The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh Communism Revolutionary....
, the French began negotiations to leave Vietnam. As a result of peace accords worked out at the Geneva Conference
Geneva Conference (1954)

The Geneva Conference was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam....
 in Geneva, Switzerland, Vietnam was divided into North Vietnam
North Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic was an effective state all over Vietnam from 1945 until the partition of Vietnam in 1954....
 and South Vietnam
South Vietnam

South Vietnam refers to an internationally recognized state which governed Vietnam south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone until 1975. Its capital was Saigon and its origin can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam....
 at the 17th Parallel as a temporary measure until unifying elections would take place in 1956. Transfer of civil administration
Administration (government)

The term administration, as used in the Context of government, differs according to jurisdiction....
 of North Vietnam to the Vi?t Minh was given on October 11, 1954. H? Chí Minh was appointed Prime Minister
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
 of North Vietnam, which would be run as a socialist state
Socialist state

The term socialist state can carry one of several different meanings:*Strictly speaking, any real or hypothetical state organized along the principles of socialism may be called a socialist state....
. Ngô Đ́nh Di?m
Ngo Dinh Diem

Ngo Dinh Diem...
, who was previously appointed Prime Minister of South Vietnam by Emperor
Emperor

An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the female equivalent. As a title, "empress" may indicate the wife of an emperor or a woman who rules in her own right ....
 B?o Đ?i
Bao Dai

B?o ??i was the 13th and last ruler of the Nguyen dynasty. He served as Emperor of Vietnam from 1926 until 1945 and as head of state of the State of Vietnam from 1949 until 1955....
, eventually assumed control of South Vietnam. In the words of U.S. President Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David ?Ike? Eisenhower was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a General of the Army in the United States Army....
:

It was generally conceded that had an election been held, H? Chí Minh would have been elected Premier. Unhappily, the situation was exacerbated by the almost total lack of leadership displayed by the Vietnamese Chief of State, B?o Đ?i, who, while nominally the head of that nation, chose to spend the bulk of his time in the spas of Europe rather than in his own land leading his armies against those of Communism.


South Vietnam and its chief supporter, the United States, were not signatories to the 1954 agreement but did agree to respect its conditions. However, later South Vietnam, with the backing of the United States, refused to hold unifying elections, claiming that H? Chí Minh could not be trusted due to his affiliation with Communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
.

Note

The Vi?t Nam Đ?c L?p Đ?ng Minh H?i is not to be confused with the Vi?t Nam Cách M?ng Đ?ng Minh H?i (League for the Vietnamese Revolution, abbreviated as Vi?t Cách) which was founded by Nguy?n Hai Than
Nguyen Hai Than

Nguy?n H?i Th?n was a very powerful political leader during the Vietnamese Revolution. He was responsible for the release and pardon of Ho Chi Minh....
 and H? Ngoc Lam, and which later joined the Vietnamese National Coalition in 1946.

See also

  • History of Vietnam
    History of Vietnam

    The history of Vietnam begins around 2,700 years ago. Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 when Vietnam regained its independence....
  • August Revolution
  • Communist Party of Vietnam
    Communist Party of Vietnam

    The Communist Party of Vietnam is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. It is a Marxism-Leninism Communist Party supported by the Vietnamese Fatherland Front....