Trnava is a city in western
SlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe with a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia borders the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is its capital, Bratislava...
, 47 km to the north-east of
BratislavaBratislava is the capital of the Slovak Republic and, with a population of about 429,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River...
, on the Trnávka river. It is the capital of a
krajSince 1949 , Slovakia has been divided into a number of kraje . Their number, borders and functions have been changed several times. There are currently eight regions of Slovakia and they correspond to the EU's NUTS 3 level of local administrative units...
(
Trnava RegionThe Trnava Region is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions.-Geography:It is located in the middlewest part of Slovakia and forms a territorial band between the Bratislava Region and the rest of Slovakia, between Austrian and Czech borders in the north and Hungarian border in the south...
) and of an
okresAn okres is an administrative unit in Slovakia. It is inferior to a Region and superior to a municipality.-Characteristics:Several districts form a "Region"...
(
Trnava DistrictTrnava District is adistrict inthe Trnava Region of western Slovakia.Until 1918, the district was mostly part of theHungarian countyof Pressburg, apart from Bučany in the east whichformed part of the county of Nitra....
). It was the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric (1541–1820 and then again since 1977). The city has a historic center. Because of the many churches within its city walls, Trnava has often been called "
parva Roma", i. e. "Little
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
", or more recently, the "Slovak Rome".
Name
The name of the city is derived from the
SlovakThe Slovak language , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages ....
word
tŕnie ("thornbush") which characterized the river banks in the region. The Hungarian name (first mentioned in 1238 in the form of
Zumbotel) originates from the Hungarian word
szombat ("Saturday"), referring to the weekly market fairs held on Saturdays.
History
Permanent settlements on the city's territory are known from the
NeolithicThe Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BCE in the Middle East that is traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age...
period onwards. During the
Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European history is a period of European history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through 16th centuries. More specific starting and ending points are sometimes adopted by scholars to suit their respective specializations or current focus...
, an important market settlement arose here at the junction of two important roads – from
BohemiaBohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Czech Republic...
to
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
and from the Mediterranean to
PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
.
The first written reference to Trnava dates from 1211. In 1238, Trnava was the first town in (present-day) Slovakia to be granted a town charter (civic privileges) by the king. The former agricultural center gradually became a center of manufacture, trade, and crafts. By the early 13th century, the
king of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary , emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from Monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary...
had invited numerous
GermansCarpathian Germans , sometimes simply called Slovak Germans , is the name for a group of German language speakers on the territory of present-day Slovakia...
to settle in Trnava; this settlement increased after the
TatarThe Battle of Mohi, or Battle of the Sajó River, was the main battle between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Mongol invasion of Europe. It took place at Muhi, southwest of the Sajó River. After the invasion, Hungary lay in ruins. Nearly half of the inhabited places had...
invasion in 1242. At the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, a part of Trnava was enclosed by very long city walls. The original
SlovakThe Slovaks are a western Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language....
market settlement and the Germans, however, stayed behind this wall.
Trnava was also the place of many important negotiations:
Charles ICharles I , reigned as King of Hungary...
, the king of Hungary, signed here a currency agreement with the Czech King John of Luxemburg in 1327, and King
Louis ILouis the Great Louis the Great Louis the Great was Apostolic King of Hungary from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370 until his death. (See Titles section)...
(who often stayed in the town and died there in 1380) signed a friendship agreement with Emperor
Charles IVCharles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and Holy Roman Emperor....
there in 1360.
The temporary German majority in Trnava's population ceased in favour of the Slovaks during the campaigns undertaken by the Czech Hussites in the 15th century, who opposed Germans and made Trnava the center of the campaigns in northwestern
Kingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary , emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from Monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary...
from 1432 to 1435. The town, along with the rest of the territory of present-day
SlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe with a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia borders the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is its capital, Bratislava...
, gained importance after the conquest of most of what is today
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
by the
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
in 1541, when Trnava became the see (1541–1820) of the
ArchbishopIn Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. In many Christian Churches, this means that they lead a diocese of particular importance called an archdiocese, or in the Anglican Communion an Ecclesiastical Province, but this is not always the case. An archbishop is equivalent to a bishop in...
ric of
EsztergomEsztergom , also known by alternative names, is a city in northern Hungary, about 50 km north-west of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there....
(before 1541 and after 1820 the see was the town of Esztergom, which was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1543). The cathedrals of the archbishopric were the Saint John the Baptist Cathedral and the
Saint NicholasSaint Nicholas is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a saint and Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker...
Cathedral in the town. Many ethnic Hungarians fleeing from the Turks moved to the town after 1541 from present-day Hungary.
In the 16th and especially the 17th century, Trnava was an important center of the
Counter-ReformationThe Counter-Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648....
in the
Kingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary , emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from Monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary...
(at the time largely identical with the territory of present-day Slovakia and a strip of western Hungary). The Archbishop Nicolas Oláh invited the Jesuits to Trnava in 1561 in order to develop the municipal school system. Subsequently, he had a seminary opened in 1566 and in 1577 Trnava’s priest Nicolas Telegdi founded a book-printing house in the town. The first Catholic Bible translation into Hungarian (based on the Latin
VulgateThe Vulgate is an early 5th-century Latin version of the Bible, largely the result of the labors of Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of old Latin translations...
) was also completed in the town by the Jesuit György Káldi who was born there in 1573. The 17th century was also characterized by many anti-
HabsburgThe House of Habsburg or Hapsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian and Spanish Empire and several other countries...
uprisings in the country – these revolts of
Stephen BocskayStephen Bocskai or István Bocskai Stephen Bocskai or István Bocskai Stephen Bocskai or István Bocskai (or Bocskay, (1 January 1557 – 29 December 1606) was a Hungarian noble from Transylvania, between 1604-06 the leader of an anti-Habsburg uprising in Royal Hungary (more exactly in today's...
,
Gabriel BethlenGabriel Bethlen was a prince of Transylvania , duke of Opole and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection in the Habsburg Royal Hungary. His last armed intervention in 1626 was part of the Thirty Years' War...
,
George I RákócziGyörgy Rákóczi I was elected hungarian prince of Transylvania in 1630.He was a son of Prince Sigismund Rákóczi and his second wife Anna Gerendi.His wife Susanna Lorántffy gave birth to four sons:Samuel,...
, and
Imre ThökölyCount Imrich Thököly de Kesmarkium was a Hungarian statesman, leader of an anti-Habsburg uprising, Prince of Transylvania.- Early life :Imre Thököly was born at Késmárk, Royal Hungary in September 1657...
negatively affected Trnava’s life. On 26 December, in 1704
Francis II RákócziFerenc II Rákóczi Hungarian aristocrat, he was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs in 1703-11 as the prince of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was also Prince of Transylvania, an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden...
's army suffered deciding defeat from Sigbert Heister general's imperial army at the border of Trnava.
The Jesuit Trnava University (1635–1777), the only university of the Kingdom of Hungary at that time, was founded by Archbishop
Péter PázmányPéter Pázmány de Panasz was a Hungarian philosopher, theologian, cardinal, pulpit orator and statesman. He was an important figure in the Counter-Reformation in Royal Hungary...
. Founded to support the Counter-Reformation, it soon became a center of Slovak education and literature, since most of the teachers, one half of the students and the majority of the town’s inhabitants were Slovaks. Pázmány himself was instrumental in promoting the usage of the Slovak instead of the Czech language and had his work "
Isteni igazságra vezető kalauz" (Guide to the Truth of God) and several of his sermons translated into the local vernacular. From the late 18th century Trnava became a center of the literary and artistic
SlovakThe Slovaks are a western Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language....
National Revival. The first standard codification of the
Slovak languageThe Slovak language , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages ....
(by the
priestA priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the priesthood, a term which may also apply to such persons collectively.Priests and priestesses...
Anton BernolákAnton Bernolák Anton Bernolák Anton Bernolák (1 October 1762 in Slanica (Szlanica, a now inundated village near Námestovo), Kingdom of Hungary – 15 January 1813 in Érsekújvár (today Nové Zámky, Slovakia) was a Slovak linguist and Catholic priest and the author of the first Slovak language...
in 1787) was based on the Slovak dialect used in the region of Trnava. During the 1848 Revolution
Richard GuyonRichard Debaufre Guyon , British soldier, general in the Hungarian revolutionary army and Turkish pasha , was born at Walcot, near Bath....
's army fought here with an
AustrianThe Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867...
army on 14 December, in 1848.
The importance of the town decreased in the early 19th century, when the university was moved to
BudaBuda is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian. Roman name for Buda was Aquincum Buda comprises about one-third of Budapest's complete territory and...
(today: Eötvös Loránd University) and the see of the archbishopric moved back to Esztergom. It increased however partly again after 1844, when Trnava was connected with
BratislavaBratislava is the capital of the Slovak Republic and, with a population of about 429,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River...
through the first railway line in the Kingdom of Hungary, which was a horse railway (steam engines were used since 1872). The railway connection launched a modernization of the town, which started with the erection of a big sugar factory, a malt-house and of the Coburgh’s factory (later referred to as
Trnavské automobilové závody, i.e. "Trnava Car Factory"). The St. Adalbert Association (
Spolok sv. Vojtecha), founded in 1870 when the Slovak foundation (
Matica slovenskáThe Matica slovenská is Slovakia's public-law cultural and scientific institution focusing on topics around the Slovak nation. It is based in the town of Martin...
) was prohibited by the Hungarian authorities, kept up the Slovak national conscience at a time of strong Magyarisation in Hungary. In the 19th but mainly in the early 20th century the town grew behind its city walls and a part of the wall was demolished in the 19th century, but most of it is still well-preserved.
Until
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Trnava was also home to a sizable
JewThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
ish minority. Their freedom to move was restricted as early as in 1495 and from 1539 to 1800, and 12 Jews were burned publicly in 1870 during a
pogromA pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers...
.
After the creation of
CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
in 1918, Trnava was one of the most industrialized cities of Slovakia. In 1977, by a decision of
Pope Paul VIPope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
, Trnava became the see of a separate Slovak archbishopric (although the seat in 2008 moved to Bratislava the city still remains a seat of its own archbishopric). With the establishment of this archbishopric, Slovakia became independent of Hungary again also in terms of church administration for the first time in centuries.
After the establishment of Slovakia (1993), Trnava became the capital of the newly created
Trnava RegionThe Trnava Region is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions.-Geography:It is located in the middlewest part of Slovakia and forms a territorial band between the Bratislava Region and the rest of Slovakia, between Austrian and Czech borders in the north and Hungarian border in the south...
in 1996. The French car manufacturer
PSAPSA Peugeot Citroën is a French manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot and Citroën marques. PSA is the second largest automaker based in Europe.-History:...
began construction of a large automobile plant in Trnava in 2003.
Geography
Trnava lies at an altitude of
above sea levelThe term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
and covers an area of . It is located in the
Danubian LowlandThe Danubian Lowland or Danube Lowland is the name of the part of Little Alföld situated in Slovakia, located between the Danube, the Little Carpathians and all other parts of the Western Carpathians....
on the Trnávka river, around north-east of
BratislavaBratislava is the capital of the Slovak Republic and, with a population of about 429,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River...
, west of
NitraNitra is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra. With a population of 85,000, it is the fourth largest city in Slovakia. Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia and the country's earliest political and cultural center...
and around from the
CzechThe Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe that is sometimes considered to be Eastern European. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague...
border. The closest mountain ranges are the
Little CarpathiansThe Little Carpathians are a low, about 100 km long, mountain range, part of the Carpathian Mountains...
to the west and the
Považský InovecPovažský Inovec or Váh Inovec is a mountain range in western Slovakia, named after the Váh river. It is 48 km long and 15-25 km wide mountain range...
to the north-east of the city.
Climate
Trnava lies in the
north temperate zoneIn geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally mild, rather than extreme hot or cold. But in continental areas, such as central North America the variations between summer...
and has a
continental climateContinental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas may show an even distribution of precipitation.Regions containing...
with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold winters.
Main sights
As early as in the
Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European history is a period of European history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through 16th centuries. More specific starting and ending points are sometimes adopted by scholars to suit their respective specializations or current focus...
, Trnava was an important centre of Gothic religious and lay architecture – St. Nicolas’s Church, St. Helen’s Church and several church monastery complexes (Clarist,
FranciscanThe term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders, also known as the Orders of Friars Minor, that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St. Francis", or a member of one of these orders. As well as Roman Catholic there are also small Old Catholic and...
and
DominicanThe Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century in France...
) were built in this period.
The
RenaissanceThe Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe...
(16th century) added a town tower to Trnava’s silhouette. Nicolas Oláh ordered the erection of the Seminary and Archbishop’s Palace. Peter Bornemisza and Huszár Gál, the leading personalities of the
ReformationThe Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe which is generally deemed to have begun with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 although a number of precursors such as Jan Hus predate that event...
in the Kingdom of Hungary, were active in Trnava for a short time. The town ramparts were rebuilt to a Renaissance fortification as a reaction to the approaching Turkish danger from the south.
The 17th century was characterized by the construction of the Pualinian Church that bears badges of Silesian Renaissance. Trnava was gradually redesigned to
BaroqueBaroque is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century. The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent that the arts should communicate religious themes in...
. The erection of the
St. John the Baptist ChurchThe St. John the Baptist Cathedral belongs to the most significant historic monuments of Trnava, western Slovakia. It is located approximately at ....
and of the university campus launched a building rush that continued with the reconstruction of the Franciscan and Clarist’s complexes. Builders and artists called to build the university also participated in improvements of the burgher architecture. The
Holy Trinity StatueMarian columns are religious monuments built in honour of the Virgin Mary, often in thanksgiving for the ending of a plague or for some other help. The purpose of the Holy Trinity columns was usually simply to celebrate the church and the faith. However, the plague motif could sometimes play its...
and the group of statues of St. Joseph, the Ursulinian and Trinitarian Church and Monastery are of recent construction.
The District hospital was built 1824. The building of the theatre started in May 1831 and the first performance was played at Christmas. Both of the Trnava
synagogueA synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer....
s, historizing structures with oriental motifs, date back to the 19th century.
Demographics
According to the last census from 2001, Trnava had 70,286 inhabitants, while according to the estimate from 2006, Trnava has 68,466 inhabitants with an average age of 37.3 years.
Nationality (2001 census):
- Slovaks (96.89%)
- Czechs (0.79%)
- Roma (0.27%)
- Hungarians (0.21%)
Age:
- Pre-productive Age: 9,947
- Productive Age: 46,742
- Post-productive Age: 11,603
Government
The current government structure has been in place since 1990, and is composed of a
mayor"Mayor" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government....
(
primátor) and of a
city councilA city council is the legislative body that governs a city, municipality or local government area.-Australia:Because of the differences in legislation between the States, the exact definition of a City Council may vary slightly...
(
Mestské zastupiteľstvo), which in turn leads a city board (
Mestská rada) and city commissions (
Komisie mestského zastupiteľstva). The mayor is the city's top executive officer, elected for a four-year term; the current mayor is Štefan Bošnák, who is serving his fourth term and leads the city since 1994. The city council is the highest legislative body of the city, represented by 31 councillors, elected to a concurrent term with the mayor's. Since 2002, Trnava is divided into six urban districts, with area and further sub-units in parentheses:
- Trnava-centre (2.15 km2; Staré mesto [Old Town], Špiglsál)
- Trnava-west (20.60 km2; Prednádražie)
- Trnava-south (8.03 km2; Tulipán, Linčianska)
- Trnava-east (10.66 km2; Hlboká, Vozovka)
- Trnava-north (22.33 km2; Kopánka, Zátvor, Vodáreň)
- Modranka (7.76 km2)
However, compared to the present-day total area of 71.53 km
2, the city used to have a larger area. Its height was in the 1970s, when it annexed villages of Modranka,
Biely KostolBiely Kostol is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.-External links:*http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html...
and
Hrnčiarovce nad ParnouHrnčiarovce nad Parnou is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.-External links:*http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html...
, reaching an area of almost 90 km
2. The latter two separated in 1993 and 1994, respectively.
Education
Trnava is the seat of two universities:
University of TrnavaThe University of Trnava is a college of "university type" based in Trnava, Slovakia.-Historical university:The original Jesuit university was founded in 1635 by the Archbishop of Esztergom, Peter Pázmány. It had a faculty of arts, faculty of theology, faculty of law and faculty of medicine...
(present) with 7,159 students, including 446 doctoral students. and of the University of St. Cyril and Methodius, with 6,833 students. The city's system of primary education consists of nine public schools and one religious primary school, enrolling in overall 5,422 pupils. Secondary education is represented by four gymnasia with 2,099 students,, 7 specialized high schools with 3,212 students, and 6 vocational schools with 3,697 students.
Transport
The city lies at the crossroads of two roads of international importance; from the Czech Republic to southern Slovakia and from Bratislava to northern Slovakia. The D1 motorway connects the city to Bratislava,
TrenčínTrenčín is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around from Bratislava. It has a population of more than 56,000, which makes it the ninth largest municipality of the country and is the seat of the Trenčín Region and the Trenčín District...
and
ŽilinaŽilina is a city in north-western Slovakia, around from the capital Bratislava. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of around 85,000, an important industrial centre, the largest city on the Váh river, and the seat of a kraj and of an okres .-History:The area around...
and the R1 motorroad connects it to
NitraNitra is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra. With a population of 85,000, it is the fourth largest city in Slovakia. Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia and the country's earliest political and cultural center...
. A part of a planned bypass is currently under construction. The city also has an important station on the Bratislava–Žilina railway, with two tracks from
SereďSereď is a town in southern Slovakia near Trnava.Hotel, cinema, culture house, many restaurants and cofectioner´s shops are Situated in Sered with just about 18 000 inhabitants.- History :...
and
KútyKúty, is a village and municipality in Senica District in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia.-Geography:The municipality lies at an altitude of 156 metres and covers an area of 27.158km². It has a population of about 4,129 people.-Importance:...
(near the Czech border) ending in the city. Although there is a small airstrip at the north-eastern edge, closest international airports are in
BratislavaMilan Rastislav Štefánik Airport , also called - especially in English - Bratislava Airport or Bratislava-Ivanka, located east northeast of Bratislava Castle in Bratislava is the main international airport of Slovakia....
and
ViennaVienna International Airport , located in Schwechat and southeast of central Vienna, is the busiest and biggest airport in Austria. It is often referred to as Schwechat, the name of the nearby town. The airport is capable of handling wide-body aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A340...
. The city also operates a public transport service, currently represented by 16 regular and other lines.
Famous people
- Blažej Baláž
Blažej Baláž is a contemporary Slovak artist. His practise as an artist is usually associated with post-conceptualism and postminimalism. After 1988 he began working with text as art....
, painter
- Mária Balážová
Mária Balážová is a contemporary Slovak artist. Her practise as an artist is usually associated with new geometry, post-geometry and postmodern.-Life and work:...
, painter
- Juraj Beneš
Juraj Beneš was a Slovak composer, teacher, and pianist.He graduated from the university called Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava and was a pupil of Ján Cikker, who was one of the best known Slovak composers. Since 1983 Beneš taught at the same university.Beneš's work followed current...
, composer
- Anton Bernolák
Anton Bernolák Anton Bernolák Anton Bernolák (1 October 1762 in Slanica (Szlanica, a now inundated village near Námestovo), Kingdom of Hungary – 15 January 1813 in Érsekújvár (today Nové Zámky, Slovakia) was a Slovak linguist and Catholic priest and the author of the first Slovak language...
, priest, writer, the author of the first SlovakThe Slovak language , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages ....
language standard
- Pavol Blažek
Pavol Blažek is a race walker who represented Czechoslovakia and later Slovakia in the Olympic Games. He was born in Trnava.-Achievements:-External links:
...
, race walkerRacewalking is a long-distance athletic event. Although it is a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times...
- Libor Charfreitag
Libor Charfreitag is a Slovak hammer thrower.His personal best throw is 81.81 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Prague....
, hammer throwThe modern or Olympic hammer throw is an athletic throwing event where the object is to throw a heavy metal ball attached to a wire and handle. The name "hammer throw" is derived from older competitions where an actual sledge hammer was thrown...
er
- Karol Dobiáš
Karol Dobiaš , is a former Slovak football player and coach. During his career, he was a versatile player, mostly playing as defender or midfielder.-Player career:...
, football player
- Vilmos Fraknói
Vilmos Fraknói was a Hungarian historian. He was an expert in Hungarian ecclesiastical history.- Life :...
, historian, secretary of HASThe Hungarian Academy of Sciences is the most important learned society of Hungary...
, titular bishop, canon of VáradOradea is the capital city of Bihor County, in Crişana, Romania. The city proper has a population of 206,614 census; this does not include areas from the metropolitan area, outside the municipality; they bring the total urban area population to approximately 260,000...
- Károly Hadaly
Károly Hadaly was a Hungarian mathematician. He studied at the university of Trnava, where he earned doctorates in philosophy and law. He was a professor of mathematics in Nagyszombat , in Győr, in Pécs, in Pozsony and in Budapest...
, mathematician
- Maximilian Hell
Maximilian Hell was a German, Slovak or Hungarian astronomer and an ordained Jesuit priest from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.- Biography :...
, astronomer
- Ányos Jedlik
Stephen Ányos Jedlik was a Hungarian inventor, engineer, physicist, Benedictine priest, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. He is considered by Hungarians and Slovaks to be the unsung father of the dynamo and electric motor...
, scientist, inventor, teacher, member of the Order of Saint BenedictThe Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
- Miroslav Karhan
Miroslav Karhan is a Slovak footballer.He began his career with local club Spartak Trnava. Via Real Betis and Beşiktaş J.K. he came to VfL Wolfsburg in 2001. As of April 2009 he has played 173 games and scored 9 goals in the Bundesliga...
, football player
- Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist, and philosopher.-Life:...
, composer
- Taťána Kuchařová
Taťána Kuchařová won the title of Miss Czech Republic and Miss World 2006. In doing so, she became the first woman from the Czech Republic to win the title at the final event of the Miss World competition, held on September 30, 2006, in Warsaw, Poland.- Miss World experience :Kuchařová beat 103...
, Miss World 2006Miss World 2006, the 56th Miss World pageant was held at Sala Kongresowa, the main 2,897-seat auditorium at the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Poland on the September 30, 2006. It was the first time ever that the pageant was held in a European city other than London, United Kingdom, having...
- Louis I of Hungary
Louis the Great Louis the Great Louis the Great was Apostolic King of Hungary from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370 until his death. (See Titles section)...
, king
- Nicolaus Olahus
Nicolaus Olahus ; January 10 1493, Sibiu-January 15 1568, Trnava/Nagyszombat) was the Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary, and a distinguished Roman Catholic prelate.-Early life:...
, archbishop
- Péter Pázmány
Péter Pázmány de Panasz was a Hungarian philosopher, theologian, cardinal, pulpit orator and statesman. He was an important figure in the Counter-Reformation in Royal Hungary...
, cardinal and statesman
- Mikuláš Schneider-Trnavský
Mikuláš Schneider-Trnavský KSG was a Slovak composer, conductor and pedagogue. He was popular mostly because of his songs, some becoming traditional.-Life:...
, composer and conductor
- Marek Ujlaky
Marek Ujlaky is a Slovak footballer currently playing for UFC Tadten.Native of village Zeleneč, Ujlaky began playing football in youth teams of Spartak Trnava. Although he played seasons in Petra Drnovice and Slovan Bratislava , he was tied with Trnava for a long time...
, football player
- Rudolf Vrba
Rudolf 'Rudi' Vrba, born Walter Rosenberg was a Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology at the University of British Columbia...
, professor of pharmacology at the University of British ColumbiaThe University of British Columbia is a Canadian public research university with campuses in the Greater Vancouver area and in Kelowna, British Columbia...
, author of the Vrba-Wetzler reportThe Vrba-Wetzler report, also known as the Vrba-Wetzler statement, the Auschwitz Protocols, and the Auschwitz notebook, is a 32-page document about the German Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland during the Holocaust...
- Alfred Wetzler
Alfréd Wetzler, who later wrote under the alias Jozef Lánik, was a Slovak Jew, and one of a very small number of Jews known to have escaped from the Auschwitz death camp during the Holocaust...
, author of the Vrba-Wetzler reportThe Vrba-Wetzler report, also known as the Vrba-Wetzler statement, the Auschwitz Protocols, and the Auschwitz notebook, is a 32-page document about the German Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland during the Holocaust...
Sister and twin cities
BalakovoBalakovo is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia. Founded in 1762, town status since 1913. Population: 200,470 .Balakovo is the location of the Saratov Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River and the Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant. It is served by Balakovo Airport which currently does not work.There is...
,
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Scranton, PennsylvaniaScranton is a city in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania, United States. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County and the largest principal city in the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to figures released by the United States Census Bureau in 2000,...
(
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
)
VaraždinVaraždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. City population is 41,434 on , urban area population is 49,075 on , and the metro area population Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. City population is 41,434 on , urban area...
,
CroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a country in southeast Europe, at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Zagreb...
Novo MestoNovo Mesto is a town and one of the eleven town municipalities in the Lower Carniola region of the Slovenia. According to the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia it covers a total area of 298.5 km², along a bend in the Krka River and the town is considered the economic and cultural...
,
SloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north...
External links