Sumerian king list

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Sumerian king list

The Sumerian King List is an ancient text in the Sumerian language

Sumerian language

Sumerian was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC. It was gradually replaced by Akkadian language as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC , but continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia...
that lists kings of Sumer

Sumer

Sumer was a civilization and a historical region located in Southern Iraq , known as the Cradle of civilization. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period through the Uruk period and the Dynastic periods until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC....
from Sumerian and foreign dynasties. It records the location of "official" kingship, along with the rulers and the lengths of their rule. Kingship was believed to have been handed down by the gods

Mesopotamian mythology

Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq....
, and could be passed from one city to another, reflecting perceived hegemony in the region. Throughout its Bronze Age

Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is, with respect to a given prehistory, the period in that society when the most advanced metalworking included smelting copper and tin from naturally-occurring outcroppings of copper and tin ores, creating a bronze alloy by melting those metals together, and casting them into bronze artifact s....
existence, the document evolved into a political tool.

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Encyclopedia

The Sumerian King List is an ancient text in the Sumerian language

Sumerian language

Sumer

Mesopotamian mythology

Bronze Age

ISIN

An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....
's claims to hegemony when Isin was vying for dominance with Larsa

Larsa

Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
and other neighboring city-states in southern Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
.

Composition

The list blends earlier, likely mythical

Mythology

The word mythology refers to a body of folklore/myths/legends that a particular culture believes to be true and that often use the supernatural to interpret natural events and to explain the nature of the universe and humanity....
kings with implausibly long reigns, with later, more plausibly historical dynasties. Although the primal kings are historically unattested, this does not preclude their possible correspondence with historical rulers who were later mythicized. Some Assyriologists

Assyriology

Assyriology is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia and the related cultures that used cuneiform writing....
view the predynastic kings as a later fictional addition. Only one ruler on this list is known to be female: Kug-Bau "the (female) tavern-keeper", who alone accounts for the Third Dynasty of Kish

Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....
.

The earliest ruler on the list whose existence has been authenticated via archeology is En-me-barage-si

Enmebaragesi

Enmebaragesi was a king of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list. The list states that he subdued Elam, reigned 900 years, and was captured single-handedly by Dumuzid, the Fisherman of Kuara , predecessor of Gilgamesh....
of Kish

Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....
(ca. 2600 BC). The fact that his name is also mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh

Epic of Gilgamesh

The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poetry from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the ancient literature. Scholars believe that it originated as a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, which were gathered into a longer Akkadian language poem much later; the most complete version existing today is pr...
has led to speculation that Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh also known as Bilgames in the earliest text , was the son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk , ruling circa 2700 BC, according to the Sumerian king list....
himself might be historical.

Three dynasties are notably excluded from the list: the Larsa dynasty

Larsa

Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
, which vied for power with the (included) Isin dynasty

ISIN

An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....
during the Isin-Larsa period; and the two dynasties of Lagash, which respectively preceded and ensued the Akkadian Empire, when Lagash

Lagash

Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia....
exercised considerable influence in the region. Lagash in particular is known directly from archaeological artifacts beginning ca. 2500 BC.

For lack of a more accurate source, the list is central to the chronology

Chronology of the Ancient Near East

The chronology of the Ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties of the 3rd millennium BC and 2nd millennium BC millennia BC....
of the 3rd millennium BC. However, the fact that many of the dynasties in the list reigned simultaneously from different cities makes it difficult to produce a strict chronology.

The earliest known inscriptions containing the list, such as the Weld-Blundell Prism, date from the early 2nd millennium BC. The later Babylonian

List of kings of Babylon

The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia, a major city and empire in ancient lower Mesopotamia, compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern archaeological findings....
and Assyrian

Kings of Assyria

The list of Assyrian kings is compiled from the Assyrian King List, an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia with information added from recent archaeological findings....
king lists that were based on it still preserved the earliest portions of the list well into the 3rd century BC, when Berossus

Berossus

Berossus was a Hellenistic civilization-era Babylonian writer and Babylonian astronomy who was active at the beginning of the 3rd century BC....
popularized the list in the Hellenic world

Ancient Greece

The term Ancient Greece refers to the period of History of Greece lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman Republic conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth ....
.

The list

The spelling follows the Early dates are approximate, and based on available archaeological context; for most early kings, the King List itself is the lone source of information. Beginning with Lugal-zage-si
Lugal-Zage-Si

Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk....
and the Third Dynasty of Uruk (which was soundly defeated by Sargon of Akkad
Sargon of Akkad

Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great , was an Akkadian Empire emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC....
), a better understanding of how subsequent rulers fit into the chronology of the ancient Near East
Chronology of the Ancient Near East

The chronology of the Ancient Near East is a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties of the 3rd millennium BC and 2nd millennium BC millennia BC....
can be deduced. The short chronology is used here.

Early Bronze Age I

None of the following Pre-dynastic

History of Sumer

The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period and Uruk period periods, spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC, ending with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BC, followed by a transition period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BC....
"antediluvian" rulers have been verified through archaeological excavations, epigraphical inscriptions

Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of wikt:inscriptions or wikt:epigraphs engraved into stone or other durable materials, or cast in metal, the science of classifying them as to cultural context and date, elucidating them and assessing what conclusions can be deduced from them....
, or otherwise. It is possible that they correspond to the Jemdet Nasr period (in the Early Bronze Age), which ended approximately 2900 BC, immediately preceding the dynasts.

The following reigns were measured in Sumerian numerical units known as sars (units of 3600), ners (units of 600), and soss (units of 60).

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Pre-dynastic kings			30th century BCE or earlier
"After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug Eridu Eridu , from the Sumerian for 'mighty place', is modern Tell Abu Shahrain, Iraq. Eridu was the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia, founded c 5400 BCE.... . In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years."
Alulim Alulim Alulim was the first king of Eridu and the first king of Sumer according to the Sumerian king list, making him the first king in the world. Enki, the god of Eridu, or his mortal son Adapa, are said to have brought civilization to Sumer....		8 sars (28,800 years)
Alalngar Alalngar Alalngar of Eridu was the second pre-dynastic king of Sumer , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		10 sars (36,000 years)
"Then Eridug fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira Bad-tibira Bad-tibira, "wall of copper worker", identified as modern Tell al-Madineh, between Ash-Shatrah and Senkerch in southern Iraq,) was an ancient Sumerian city, that appears among antediluvian cities in the Babylonian lists.... ."
En-men-lu-ana En-men-lu-ana En-men-lu-ana of Bad-tibira was the third pre-dynastic king of Sumer , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		12 sars (43,200 years)
En-men-gal-ana En-men-gal-ana En-men-gal-ana of Bad-tibira was the fourth pre-dynastic king of Sumer , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		8 sars (28,800 years)
Dumuzid, the Shepherd Dumuzid, the Shepherd Dumuzid, "the Shepherd", from Bad-tibira in Sumer, was the 5th pre-dynastic king on the Sumerian king list .He is considered a precursor to the Babylonian god Tammuz ....	"the shepherd"	10 sars (36,000 years)
"Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larag Larsa Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal .... ."
En-sipad-zid-ana En-sipad-zid-ana En-sipad-zid-ana of Larsa was the sixth pre-dynastic king of Sumer , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		8 sars (28,800 years)
"Then Larag fell and the kingship was taken to Zimbir Sippar Sippar , was an ancient Sumerian and later Babylonian city on the east bank of the Euphrates, some 60 km north of Babylon.... ."
En-men-dur-ana		5 sars and 5 ners (21,000 years)
"Then Zimbir fell and the kingship was taken to Shuruppag Shuruppak Shuruppak was an ancient Sumerian city situated about 35 miles south of Nippur on the banks of the Euphrates.Shuruppak was dedicated to Ninlil, also called Sud, the goddess of grain and the air.... ."
Ubara-Tutu Ubara-Tutu Ubara-tutu of Shuruppak was the last antediluvian king of Sumer.After the Eridu Genesis, the kingship was reestablished in the northern city of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list....		5 sars and 1 ner (18,600 years)
"Then the flood swept over." Excavations in Iraq have revealed evidence of localized flooding at Shuruppak (modern Tell Fara, Iraq) and various other Sumerian cities. A layer of riverine sediments, radiocarbon dated Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating, or carbon dating, is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years.... to ca. 2900 BCE, interrupts the continuity of settlement, extending as far north as the city of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... . Polychrome Polychrome Polychrome is one of the terms used to describe the use of multiple colors in one entity. Most often, the term is used in conjunction with certain styles of architecture, pottery or sculpture in multiple colours.... pottery from the Jemdet Nasr period (3000-2900 BCE) was discovered immediately below the Shuruppak flood stratum.

Early Bronze Age II

Early Dynastic I and II periods
History of Sumer

The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period and Uruk period periods, spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC, ending with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BC, followed by a transition period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BC....

First Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
First Dynasty of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....			after ca. 2900 BC
"After the flood had swept over, and the kingship had descended from heaven, the kingship was in Kish Kish Kish may refer to:... ."
Ngushur Ngushur Ngushur of Kish was the first post-diluvian king of Sumer, establishing the First Dynasty of Kish, according to the Sumerian king list. He thus marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Sumer, corresponding to about the Early Bronze Age II or roughly the 29th century BC....		1200 years
Kullassina-bel Kullassina-bel Kullassina-bel of Kish was the second Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		960 years
Nangishlishma Nangishlishma Nangishlishma of Kish was the third Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		670 years
En-tarah-ana En-tarah-ana En-tarah-ana of Kish was the fourth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		420 years
Babum Babum Babum of Kish was the fifth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		300 years
Puannum Puannum Puannum of Kish was the sixth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		840 years
Kalibum Kalibum Kalibum of Kish was the seventh Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.This name is written "Ga-l?-bu-um ......		960 years
Kalumum Kalumum Kalumum of Kish was the eighth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		840 years
Zuqaqip Zuqaqip Zuqaqip of Kish was the ninth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		900 years
Atab Atab Atab of Kish was the tenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-... (or A-ba)		600 years
Mashda Mashda Mashda of Kish was the eleventh Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Atab"	840 years
Arwium Arwium Arwium of Kish was the twelfth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Mashda"	720 years
Etana Etana Etana was an ancient, legendary Sumerian king of the city of Kish , and was, according to the Sumerian king list, one of the kings who reigned after the deluge....	"the shepherd, who ascended to heaven and consolidated all the foreign countries"	1500 years
Balih Balih Balih of Kish was the fourteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.This king may be named for the Balikh River river, a tributary to the Euphrates....	"the son of Etana"	400 years
En-me-nuna En-me-nuna En-me-nuna of Kish was the fifteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		660 years
Melem-Kish Melem-Kish Melem-Kish of Kish was the sixteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of En-me-nuna"	900 years
Barsal-nuna Barsal-nuna Barsal-nuna of Kish was the seventeenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	("the son of En-me-nuna")*	1200 years
Zamug Zamug Zamug of Kish was the eighteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Barsal-nuna"	140 years
Tizqar Tizqar Tizqar of Kish was the nineteenth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Zamug"	305 years
Ilku Ilku Ilku of Kish was the twentieth Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		900 years
Iltasadum Iltasadum Iltasadum of Kish was the twenty-first Sumerian king in the First Dynasty of Kish , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		1200 years
En-me-barage-si	"who made the land of Elam Elam Elam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran.Elam was centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province , as far as Jiroft in Kerman province and Burned City in Zabol, as well as a small part of southern Iraq.... submit"	900 years	ca. 2600 BC	the earliest ruler on the List confirmed independently from epigraphical evidence
Aga of Kish Aga of Kish Aga is listed on the Sumerian King List as the last king in the first Dynasty of Kish .Aga is mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh as having besieged Uruk....	"the son of En-me-barage-si"	625 years	ca. 2600 BC	contemporary with Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Gilgamesh also known as Bilgames in the earliest text , was the son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk , ruling circa 2700 BC, according to the Sumerian king list.... of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq.... , according to the Epic of Gilgamesh Epic of Gilgamesh The *Epic of Gilgamesh* is an epic poetry from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the ancient literature. Scholars believe that it originated as a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, which were gathered into a longer Akkadian language poem much later; the most complete version existing today is pr...
"Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to E-ana."

First Dynasty of Uruk
Uruk

Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
First Dynasty of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....			ca. 27th – 26th century BC
Mesh-ki-ang-gasher Mesh-ki-ang-gasher Mesh-ki-ang-gasher was a Sumerian ruler and the founder of the First Dynasty of Uruk and the father of Enmerkar, according to the Sumerian king list.... of E-ana	"the son of Utu"	324 years
"Mesh-ki-ang-gasher entered the sea and disappeared."
Enmerkar Enmerkar Enmerkar, according to the Sumerian king list, was the builder of Uruk in Sumer, and was said to have reigned for "420 years" .The king list adds that he brought the official kingship with him from the city of E-ana, after his father Mesh-ki-ang-gasher, son of Utu, had "entered the sea and disappeared."...	"the son of Mesh-ki-ang-gasher, the king of Unug, who built Unug (Uruk)"	420 years
Lugalbanda Lugalbanda According to the Sumerian king list, Lugalbanda was the third king of Uruk and father of Gilgamesh, the legendary king of that ancient city. Legend has it that his wife was Ninsun, a goddess....	"the shepherd"	1200 years
Dumuzid Dumuzid, the Fisherman Dumuzid , "the Fisherman", originally from Kuara in Sumer, was the 3rd king in the 1st Dynasty of Uruk and Gilgamesh's predecessor, according to the Sumerian king list.... (Dumuzi)	"the fisherman whose city was Kuara Kuara (Sumer) Kuara was an ancient Sumer city located on the western bank of the mouth of the Euphrates River, about 30 km southeast of Ur. The city's patron deity was Meslamtea.... ." ("He captured En-me-barage-si single-handed.")*	100 years	ca. 2600 BC
Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Gilgamesh also known as Bilgames in the earliest text , was the son of Lugalbanda and the fifth king of Uruk , ruling circa 2700 BC, according to the Sumerian king list....	"whose father was a phantom, the lord of Kulaba"	126 years	ca. 2600 BC	contemporary with Aga of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... , according to the Epic of Gilgamesh Epic of Gilgamesh The *Epic of Gilgamesh* is an epic poetry from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the ancient literature. Scholars believe that it originated as a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, which were gathered into a longer Akkadian language poem much later; the most complete version existing today is pr...
Ur-Nungal Ur-Nungal Ur-Nungal of Uruk was the sixth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Gilgamesh"	30 years
Udul-kalama Udul-kalama Udul-kalama of Uruk was the seventh Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...	"the son of Ur-Nungal"	15 years
La-ba'shum La-ba'shum La-ba'shum of Uruk was the eighth Sumerian ruler in the First Dynasty of Uruk , according to the Sumerian king list.\|-...		9 years
En-nun-tarah-ana		8 years
Mesh-he	"the smith"	36 years
Melem-ana		6 years
Lugal-kitun		36 years
"Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... im (Ur)."

Early Bronze Age III

Early Dynastic IIIa period
History of Sumer

The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period and Uruk period periods, spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC, ending with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BC, followed by a transition period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BC....

First dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
First Dynasty of Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....			ca. 26th century BC
Mesh-Ane-pada		80 years
Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna	"the son of Mesh-Ane-pada"	36 years
Elulu Elulu Elulu is listed as the third king of the first dynasty of Ur on the Sumerian Sumerian king list, which states he reigned for 25 years....		25 years
Balulu		36 years
"Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan Awan dynasty The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam, founded by king Peli at the dawn of history. It must have been an important influence on Sumer from the earliest times, for their conflicts with Mesopotamia begin with Enmebaragesi of Kish , who defeated them, as did another Sumerian king, Eannatum I of Lagash.... ."

Dynasty of Awan
Awan dynasty

The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam, founded by king Peli at the dawn of history. It must have been an important influence on Sumer from the earliest times, for their conflicts with Mesopotamia begin with Enmebaragesi of Kish , who defeated them, as did another Sumerian king, Eannatum I of Lagash....

Ruler	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Dynasty of Awan Awan dynasty The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam, founded by king Peli at the dawn of history. It must have been an important influence on Sumer from the earliest times, for their conflicts with Mesopotamia begin with Enmebaragesi of Kish , who defeated them, as did another Sumerian king, Eannatum I of Lagash....		ca. 26th century BC
Three kings of Awan	356 years
"Then Awan was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... ."

Second Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Second Dynasty of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....			ca. 26th century BC
Susuda	"the fuller"	201 years
Dadasig		81 years
Mamagal	"the boatman"	360 years
Kalbum	"the son of Mamagal"	195 years
Tuge		360 years
Men-nuna	"the son of Tuge"	180 years
(Enbi-Ishtar)		290 years
Lugalngu		360 years
"Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to Hamazi Hamazi Hamazi was an ancient kingdom or city-state of some importance that reached its peak ca. 2500-2400 BC. Its exact location is unknown, but is thought to have been located in the western Zagros mountains roughly between Elam and Assyria, possibly near Nuzi or modern Hamadan.... ."

Early Dynastic IIIb period
History of Sumer

The history of Sumer, taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period and Uruk period periods, spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BC, ending with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BC, followed by a transition period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BC....

The First Dynasty of Lagash
Lagash

Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia....
(also ca. 2500 – ca. 2271 BC) is not mentioned in the King List, though it is well known from inscriptions

Dynasty of Hamazi
Hamazi

Hamazi was an ancient kingdom or city-state of some importance that reached its peak ca. 2500-2400 BC. Its exact location is unknown, but is thought to have been located in the western Zagros mountains roughly between Elam and Assyria, possibly near Nuzi or modern Hamadan....

Ruler	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Dynasty of Hamazi Hamazi Hamazi was an ancient kingdom or city-state of some importance that reached its peak ca. 2500-2400 BC. Its exact location is unknown, but is thought to have been located in the western Zagros mountains roughly between Elam and Assyria, possibly near Nuzi or modern Hamadan....		ca. 2500 BC
Hadanish	360 years
"Then Hamazi was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug (Uruk)."

Second Dynasty of Uruk
Uruk

Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....

Ruler	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Second Dynasty of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....		ca. 25th century BC
En-shag-kush-ana	60 years		said to have conquered parts of Sumer; then Eannatum Eannatum Eannatum was a Sumerian king of Lagash who established one of the first verifiable empires in history.... of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia.... claims to have taken over Sumer, Kish, and all Mesopotamia. Kug-Bau of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... is said to have gained independence from Lagash, and his Uruk, after Entemena's death.
Lugal-kinishe-dudu or Lugal-ure	120 years		contemporary with Entemena Entemena File:Foundation nail Entemena Louvre AO22934.jpgEntemena, son of En-anna-tum I, reestablished Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk, successor to Enshakushanna, who is in the Sumerian king list .... of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia....
Argandea	7 years
"Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... im (Ur)."

Second Dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Second Dynasty of Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....			ca. 25th century BC
Nanni		120 years
Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II	"the son of Nanni"	48 years
		2 years
"Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Adab Adab Adab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur.... ."

Dynasty of Adab
Adab

Adab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur....

Ruler	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Dynasty of Adab Adab Adab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur....		ca. 25th century BC
Lugal-Ane-mundu	90 years		said to have conquered all Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran.... from the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei... to the Zagros Mountains Zagros Mountains The Zagros , are the largest mountain range in Iran and Iraq. They have a total length of 1 500 km from western Iran, on the border with Iraq to the southern parts of the Persian Gulf.... and Elam Elam Elam was an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran.Elam was centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Khuzestan and Ilam Province , as far as Jiroft in Kerman province and Burned City in Zabol, as well as a small part of southern Iraq....
"Then Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari Mari, Syria Mari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria.... ."

Dynasty of Mari
Mari, Syria

Mari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Dynasty of Mari Mari, Syria Mari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria....			ca. 25th century BC
Anbu		30 years
Anba	"the son of Anbu"	17 years
Bazi	"the leatherworker"	30 years
Zizi of Mari	"the fuller"	20 years
Limer	"the 'gudug' priest"	30 years
Sharrum-iter		9 years
"Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... ."

Third Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Third Dynasty of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....			ca. 25th century BC
Kug-Bau (Kubaba)	"the woman tavern-keeper, who made firm the foundations of Kish"	100 years		the only known woman in the King List; said to have gained independence from En-anna-tum I En-anna-tum I En-anna-tum I succeeded his brother Eannatum as king of Lagash. During his rule, Umma once more asserted independence under Ur-Lumma, who attacked Lagash unsuccessfully.... of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia.... and En-shag-kush-ana of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq.... ; contemporary with Puzur-Nirah of Akshak Akshak Akshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River.... , according to the later
"Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to Akshak Akshak Akshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River.... ."

Dynasty of Akshak
Akshak

Akshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Dynasty of Akshak Akshak Akshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River....			ca. 25th – 24th century BC
Unzi		30 years
Undalulu		6 years
Urur		6 years
Puzur-Nirah		20 years		contemporary with Kug-Bau of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... , according to the later
Ishu-Il		24 years
Shu-Suen of Akshak	"the son of Ishu-Il"	7 years
"Then Akshak was defeated and the kingship was taken to Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad.... ."

Fourth Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Fourth Dynasty of Kish Kish (Sumer) Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....			ca. 24th – 23rd century BC
Puzur-Suen	"the son of Kug-Bau"	25 years
Ur-Zababa Ur-Zababa Ur-Zababa is listed on the Sumerian king list as the second king in the 4th Dynasty of Kish, the son of Puzur-Suen and the grandson of Kug-Bau. The king list also says Sargon of Akkad was a cup-bearer for Ur-Zababa before becoming king of Akkad....	"the son of Puzur-Suen"	400 (6?) years	ca. 2300 BC	according to the King List, Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great , was an Akkadian Empire emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC.... was his cup-bearer
Zimudar		30 years
Usi-watar	"the son of Zimudar"	7 years
Eshtar-muti		11 years
Ishme-Shamash		11 years
(Shu-ilishu)*		(15 years)*
Nanniya	"the jeweller"	7 years
"Then Kish was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug (Uruk)."

Third Dynasty of Uruk
Uruk

Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Lugal-zage-si Lugal-Zage-Si Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk....		25 years	ca. 2296 – 2271 BC (short)	said to have defeated Urukagina Urukagina Urukagina , alternately rendered as Uruinimgina or Irikagina, was a ruler of the city-state Lagash in Mesopotamia. He is best known for his reforms to combat corruption, which are sometimes cited as the first example of a legal code in recorded history.... of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia.... , as well as Kish Kish Kish may refer to:... and other Sumerian cities, creating a unified kingdom; he in turn was overthrown by Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great , was an Akkadian Empire emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC....
"Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Agade (Akkad)"

Akkadian Empire

Dynasty of Akkad
Akkad

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad Sumerian language: Agade KUR A.GA.D?KI "land of Akkad". ; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region Akkadian URU Akkad KI in central Mesopotamia....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great , was an Akkadian Empire emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC....	"whose father was a gardener, the cupbearer of Ur-Zababa Ur-Zababa Ur-Zababa is listed on the Sumerian king list as the second king in the 4th Dynasty of Kish, the son of Puzur-Suen and the grandson of Kug-Bau. The king list also says Sargon of Akkad was a cup-bearer for Ur-Zababa before becoming king of Akkad.... , became king, the king of Agade, who built Agade"	40 years	ca. 2270 – 2215 BC (short)	defeated Lugal-zage-si Lugal-Zage-Si Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk.... of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq.... , took over Sumer, and created the Akkadian Empire
Rimush of Akkad Rimush of Akkad Rimush was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu....	"the son of Sargon"	9 years	ca. 2214 – 2206 BC (short)
Man-ishtishu	"the older brother of Rimush, the son of Sargon"	15 years	ca. 2205 – 2191 BC (short)
Naram-Suen of Akkad	"the son of Man-ishtishu"	56 years	ca. 2190 – 2154 BC (short)
Shar-kali-sharri Shar-Kali-Sharri Shar-Kali-Sharri was a king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Naram-Suen of Akkad and reigned for 25 years, around ca. 2100 BC. After his reign, there seems to have been a short period of chaos: The list of kings states:...	"the son of Naram-Suen"	25 years	ca. 2153 – 2129 BC (short)
"Then who was king? Who was the king?"
Irgigi Imi IMI IMI is a three letter acronym. It can stand for* Industrial Vibration Monitoring Instrumentation, division of PCB PiezotronicsInnovative Medicines Initiative of the European Union... Nanum Nanum Nanum* or Nanium was a king of the Akkadian Empire who ascended the throne in 2257 BC. After the death of the previous ruler of Akkad, Shar-kali-sharri, he jockeyed for power with three other rival kings: Igigi, Imi, and Elulu.... Ilulu Ilulu Ilulu according to the Sumerian king list was a king of the Akkadian Empire. The dates of his reign are unknown, possibly ending approximately 2254 BCE....	"and the 4 of them ruled for only 3 years"		ca. 2128 – 2125 BC (short)
Dudu of Akkad		21 years	ca. 2125 – 2104 BC (short)
Shu-Durul	"the son of Dudu"	15 years	ca. 2104 – 2083 BC (short)	Akkad falls to the Gutians
"Then Agade was defeated and the kingship was taken to Unug (Uruk)."

Fourth Dynasty of Uruk
Uruk

Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates
Fourth Dynasty of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....			ca. 2091? – 2061? BC (short)
Ur-ningin		7 years
Ur-gigir	"the son of Ur-ningin"	6 years
Kuda		6 years
Puzur-ili		5 years
Ur-Utu (or Lugal-melem)	("the son of Ur-gigir")*	25 years
"Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to the army of Gutium Guti (Mesopotamia) The Gutian dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia around 2150 BC , by destabilising Akkad at the end of the reign of king Ur-Utu of Uruk. They reigned roughly a total of one century .... ."

Early Bronze Age IV

Gutian period

The 2nd Dynasty of Lagash
Lagash

Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia....
(before ca. 2093 – 2046 BC (short)) is not mentioned in the King List, though it is well known from inscriptions.

Gutian
Guti (Mesopotamia)

The Gutian dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia around 2150 BC , by destabilising Akkad at the end of the reign of king Ur-Utu of Uruk. They reigned roughly a total of one century ....
Rule

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Gutian Guti (Mesopotamia) The Gutian dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia around 2150 BC , by destabilising Akkad at the end of the reign of king Ur-Utu of Uruk. They reigned roughly a total of one century .... Rule			ca. 2147 – 2050 BC (short)
"In the army of Gutium, at first no king was famous; they were their own kings and ruled thus for 3 years."
Inkishush Inkishush Inkishush or Inkicuc was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2135 BC to 2129 BC. He is the first Gutian ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List....		6 years
Zarlagab		6 years
Shulme Shulme Shulme was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2126 BC to 2120 BC.... (or Yarlagash)		6 years
Silulumesh (or Silulu)		6 years
Inimabakesh (or Duga)		5 years
Igeshaush (or Ilu-An)		6 years
Yarlagab		3 years
Ibate of Gutium		3 years
Yarla (or Yarlangab)		3 years
Kurum		1 year
Apilkin		3 years
La-erabum		2 years		mace head inscription
Irarum		2 years
Ibranum		1 year
Hablum		2 years
Puzur-Suen	"the son of Hablum"	7 years
Yarlaganda		7 years		foundation inscription at Umma Umma Umma was an ancient city in Sumer....
		7 years		Si-um or Si-u? — foundation inscription at Umma Umma Umma was an ancient city in Sumer....
Tirigan Tirigan Tirigan was the last Gutian ruler in Sumer, before being defeated by Utu-hengal of Uruk, ca. 2050 BC . ...		40 days		defeated by Utu-hengal Utu-hengal Utu-hengal was one of the first native kings of Sumer after centuries of Akkad and Guti rule.There are several theories regarding his background.... of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....
"Then the army of Gutium was defeated and the kingship taken to Unug (Uruk)."

Fifth Dynasty of Uruk
Uruk

Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Utu-hengal Utu-hengal Utu-hengal was one of the first native kings of Sumer after centuries of Akkad and Guti rule.There are several theories regarding his background....		conflicting dates (427 years / 26 years / 7 years)	ca. 2055 – 2048 BC (short)	defeats Tirigan Tirigan Tirigan was the last Gutian ruler in Sumer, before being defeated by Utu-hengal of Uruk, ca. 2050 BC . ... and the Gutian Gutian Gutian can refer to:* Gutian County in Ningde Municipality, Fujian, China* the Gutian Massacre of Christians in that county* Gutian in Shanghang County, Longyan Municipality, Fujian... s, appoints Ur-Namma governor of Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....
"Then Unug was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland.... im (Ur)."

Ur III period

"Sumerian Renaissance"

)

Third Dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Ur-Namma (Ur-Nammu)		18 years	ca. 2047 – 2030 BC (short)	defeats Nammahani of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, Lagash was one of the oldest cities of Sumer and later Babylonia.... ; contemporary of Utu-hengal Utu-hengal Utu-hengal was one of the first native kings of Sumer after centuries of Akkad and Guti rule.There are several theories regarding his background.... of Uruk Uruk Uruk , from the Akkadian rendering of the Sumerian toponym 'unug', is modern Warka , Iraq. Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient Nil canal, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq....
Shulgi Shulgi Shulgi of Urim was the second king of the "Sumerian Renaissance". He reigned for 48 years, dated to 2047 BC–1999 BC short chronology . Shulgi was the son of Ur-Nammu king of Ur; according to one later text , by a daughter of the former king Utu-hengal of Uruk and was a member of the Third dynasty of Ur....	"the son of Ur-Namma"	46 years	ca. 2029 – 1982 BC (short)	possible lunar/solar eclipse 2005 BC
Amar-Suena	"the son of Shulgi"	9 years	ca. 1981 – 1973 BC (short)
Shu-Suen	"the son of Amar-Suena"	9 years	ca. 1972 – 1964 BC (short)
Ibbi-Suen	"the son of Shu-Suen"	24 years	ca. 1963 – 1940 BC (short)
"Then Urim was defeated. The very foundation of Sumer was torn out. The kingship was taken to Isin ISIN An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s.... ."

Middle Bronze Age I

Isin
ISIN

An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....
-Larsa
Larsa

Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
period

Independent Amorite

Amorite

Amorite refers to a Semitic language people who occupied the country west of the Euphrates from the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. The term Amurru refers to them, as well as to their principal deity....
states in lower Mesopotamia. The Dynasty of Larsa
Larsa

Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
(ca. 1961 – 1674 BC (short)) from this period is not mentioned in the King List.

Dynasty of Isin
ISIN

An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....

Ruler	Epithet	Length of reign	Approx. dates	Comments
Dynasty of Isin ISIN An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....			ca. 1953 – 1730 BC (short)
Ishbi-Erra		33 years		contemporary of Ibbi-Suen of Ur Ur Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....
Shu-ilishu	"the son of Ishbi-Erra"	20 years
Iddin-Dagan	"the son of Shu-ilishu"	20 years
Ishme-Dagan	"the son of Iddin-Dagan"	20 years
Lipit-Eshtar	"the son of Ishme-Dagan (or Iddin-Dagan)"	11 years		contemporary of Gungunum Gungunum Gungunum ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1868 BC to 1841 BC. He was an Amorite and the son ofSamium. He was a contemporary of Lipit-Ishtar of Isin and... of Larsa Larsa Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
Ur-Ninurta	("the son of Ishkur, may he have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life")*	28 years		Contemporary of Abisare Abisare Abisare ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1841 BC to 1830 BC. He was an Amorite.... of Larsa Larsa Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
Bur-Suen	"the son of Ur-Ninurta"	5 years
Lipit-Enlil	"the son of Bur-Suen"	5 years
Erra-imitti		8 years
Enlil-bani		24 years		contemporary of Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El Sumu-la-El was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned ca.1817 BC - 1781 BC. See alsoBabyloniaReferences... of Babylon Babylon Babylon* was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, sometimes considered an empire, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad.... . During his reign, the king's gardener, to celebrate the New Year was named 'king for a day' then sacrificed, the "king" died during the celebration; Enlil-Bani remained on the throne.
Zambiya		3 years		contemporary of Sin-Iqisham Sin-Iqisham Sin-Iqisham ruled the ancient Near East city-stateof Larsa from 1776 BC to 1771 BC. He was the son of Sin-Eribam anda contemporary of Zambiya of Isin.... of Larsa Larsa Larsa , was an important city of ancient Sumer. It lies some 25 km southeast of the ruin mounds of Uruk , near the east bank of the Shatt-en-Nil canal ....
Iter-pisha		4 years
Ur-du-kuga		4 years
Suen-magir		11 years
(Damiq-ilishu)*	("the son of Suen-magir")*	(23 years)*

* These epithets or names are not included in all versions of the king list.

Sumerian king list

Composition

The list

Early Bronze Age I

Early Bronze Age II

First Dynasty of KishKish (Sumer)Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Early Bronze Age III

First dynasty of UrUrUr is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Second Dynasty of KishKish (Sumer)Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Dynasty of HamaziHamaziHamazi was an ancient kingdom or city-state of some importance that reached its peak ca. 2500-2400 BC. Its exact location is unknown, but is thought to have been located in the western Zagros mountains roughly between Elam and Assyria, possibly near Nuzi or modern Hamadan....

Second Dynasty of UrUrUr is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Dynasty of AdabAdabAdab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur....

Dynasty of MariMari, SyriaMari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria....

Third Dynasty of KishKish (Sumer)Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Dynasty of AkshakAkshakAkshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River....

Fourth Dynasty of KishKish (Sumer)Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Akkadian Empire

Dynasty of AkkadAkkadThe Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad Sumerian language: Agade KUR A.GA.D?KI "land of Akkad". ; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region Akkadian URU Akkad KI in central Mesopotamia....

Early Bronze Age IV

Gutian period

GutianGuti (Mesopotamia)The Gutian dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia around 2150 BC , by destabilising Akkad at the end of the reign of king Ur-Utu of Uruk. They reigned roughly a total of one century .... Rule

Ur III period

Third Dynasty of UrUrUr is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Middle Bronze Age I

Dynasty of IsinISINAn International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....

See also

First Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

First dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Second Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Second Dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Dynasty of Adab
Adab

Adab was an ancient Sumerian city between Telloh and Nippur....

Dynasty of Mari
Mari, Syria

Mari was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria....

Third Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Dynasty of Akshak
Akshak

Akshak was a city of ancient Sumer, situated on the northern boundary of Akkad, sometimes identified with Babylonian Upi . Its exact location is uncertain, it probably was near Eshnunna, on the banks of the Diyala River....

Fourth Dynasty of Kish
Kish (Sumer)

Kish is modern Tell al-Uhaymir, Babil Governorate, Iraq), and was an ancient city of Sumer. Kish is located some 12 km east of Babylon, and 80 km south of Baghdad....

Dynasty of Akkad
Akkad

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad Sumerian language: Agade KUR A.GA.D?KI "land of Akkad". ; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region Akkadian URU Akkad KI in central Mesopotamia....

Gutian
Guti (Mesopotamia)

The Gutian dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia around 2150 BC , by destabilising Akkad at the end of the reign of king Ur-Utu of Uruk. They reigned roughly a total of one century ....
Rule

Third Dynasty of Ur
Ur

Ur is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Once a coastal city near the mouth of the then Euphrates river on the Persian Gulf, Ur is now well inland....

Dynasty of Isin
ISIN

An International Securities Identification Number uniquely identifies a Security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. Securities for which ISINs are issued include Bond , commercial paper, equities and Warrant s....