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The Rosaceae or rose
Rose

A rose is a perennial plant flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors....
 family is a large family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 of plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-160 genera. Traditionally it has been divided into four subfamilies: Rosoideae
Rosoideae

The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as Fragaria and brambles....
, Spiraeoideae
Spiraeoideae

The subfamily Spiraeoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the order Rosales.Most are shrubs, but there are some herbs. Most have simple leaves, but the genera Aruncus and Sorbaria pinnately compound leaves....
, Maloideae
Maloideae

The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
, and Amygdaloideae. These subfamilies are primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits, although this approach is not followed universally. Recent work has identified that the traditional four subfamilies are not all monophyletic, but the structure of the family is still awaiting complete resolution.

ee List of Rosaceae genera
List of Rosaceae genera

There are approximatively 100-160 genus and 3,500- 4,000 species in the family Rosaceae. It also includes subgenera and synonyms....
.

Identified clades include:

Amongst these groups, Neillieae
Neillieae

Neillieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the Maloideae. It includes the genera Physocarpus, Neillia, and Stephanandra....
 appears to be the sister group to Maloideae
Maloideae

The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
, and Dryadeae may be a sibling group to Rosoideae
Rosoideae

The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as Fragaria and brambles....
.






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The Rosaceae or rose
Rose

A rose is a perennial plant flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors....
 family is a large family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 of plant
Plant

Plants are Life organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae....
s, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-160 genera. Traditionally it has been divided into four subfamilies: Rosoideae
Rosoideae

The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as Fragaria and brambles....
, Spiraeoideae
Spiraeoideae

The subfamily Spiraeoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the order Rosales.Most are shrubs, but there are some herbs. Most have simple leaves, but the genera Aruncus and Sorbaria pinnately compound leaves....
, Maloideae
Maloideae

The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
, and Amygdaloideae. These subfamilies are primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits, although this approach is not followed universally. Recent work has identified that the traditional four subfamilies are not all monophyletic, but the structure of the family is still awaiting complete resolution.

Genera

See List of Rosaceae genera
List of Rosaceae genera

There are approximatively 100-160 genus and 3,500- 4,000 species in the family Rosaceae. It also includes subgenera and synonyms....
.

Identified clades include:
  • Subfamily Rosoideae
    Rosoideae

    The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as Fragaria and brambles....
    : Traditionally composed of those genera bearing small fruits, each of which is an achene
    Achene

    An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are "monocarpellate" and wikt:indehiscent . Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it....
     or drupelet, and often the fleshy part of the fruit (e.g. Strawberry
    Strawberry

    Fragaria is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits....
    ) is the hypanthium
    Hypanthium

    A hypanthium is a flower structure consisting of the bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens fused together. Its presence is diagnostic of many families, including the Rosaceae, Grossulariaceae, and Fabaceae....
     or the stalk bearing the carpels. The circumscription is now narrowed (excluding, for example, the tribe Dryadeae), but it still remains a diverse group containing 5 or 6 tribes and 20 or more genera. Rose
    Rose

    A rose is a perennial plant flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors....
    , blackberry, raspberry
    Rubus

    Rubus is a large genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. Raspberry, Blackberry, and Dewberry are common, widely distributed members of the genus....
    , strawberry, Potentilla
    Potentilla

    Potentilla is the genus of typical cinquefoils, containing about 500 species of Annual plant, Biennial plant and Perennial plant herbaceouss in the rose family Rosaceae....
    , Geum
    Geum

    Geum is a genus of about 50 species of perennial plant herbaceous plants in the rose family Rosaceae, native to Europe, Asia, North America and South America, Africa and New Zealand....
    .
  • Subfamily Spiraeoideae
    Spiraeoideae

    The subfamily Spiraeoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the order Rosales.Most are shrubs, but there are some herbs. Most have simple leaves, but the genera Aruncus and Sorbaria pinnately compound leaves....
    : Traditionally those genera which bear non-fleshy fruits consisting of five capsules. Now perhaps to be restricted to Spiraea
    Spiraea

    'Spiraea' is a genus of about 80-100 species of shrubs in the Rosaceae, subfamily Spiraeoideae. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity in eastern Asia....
     and Sorbaria
    Sorbaria

    Sorbaria is a genus of around 9 species of flowering plants belong to subfamily Maloideae of family Rosaceae...
     and their respective allies.
  • Subfamily Maloideae
    Maloideae

    The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
     (or Pomoideae): Traditionally this includes those genera (apple
    APPLE

    This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...
    , cotoneaster
    Cotoneaster

    Cotoneaster is a genus of woody plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region , with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China and the Himalaya....
    , hawthorn
    Crataegus

    Hawthorn is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America....
    , pear
    Pear

    The pear is an edible pome fruit produced by a tree of genus Pyrus . The pear is classified within Maloideae, a subfamily within Rosaceae. The apple , which it resembles in floral structure, is also a member of this subfamily....
    , quince
    Quince

    The Quince , or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region....
    , rowan
    Rowan

    The rowans or mountain-ashes are plants in the family Rosaceae, in the genus Sorbus, subgenus Sorbus. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the mountains of western China and the Himalaya, where numerous apomixis microspecies occur....
    , whitebeam
    Whitebeam

    The whitebeams are members of the Rosaceae family, in genus Sorbus subgenus Aria. They are deciduous trees with simple or lobed leaves, arranged alternately....
    , loquat
    Loquat

    The loquat is a fruit tree in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae, indigenous to southeastern China. It has also been known as Japanese medlar....
    , etc), whose fruits consist of five capsules (called "cores") in a fleshy endocarp, surrounded by the ripened stem tissue. This fruit is called a pome
    Pome

    In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer....
    . To these are added the woody genera Lindleya
    Lindleya

    Lindleya is a genus of Mexican evergreen trees of the family Rosaceae. The sole species, L. mespiloides, grows to a height of six meters and bears solitary white fragrant flowers in summer....
     and Vauquelinia
    Vauquelinia

    Vauquelinia, commonly known as the rosewoods, is a genus of the rose family Rosaceae. It consists of two species of shrubs found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico....
    , which share a haploid chromosome
    Chromosome

    A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in Cell . A chromosome is a single piece of DNA that contains many genes, regulatory sequence and other genetic sequence....
     count of 17 (x=17) with the pomiferous genera, Kageneckia
    Kageneckia

    Kageneckia is a genus of plant in family Rosaceae.Species include:* Kageneckia angustifolia D. Don* Kageneckia lanceolata, Hip?lito Ruiz L?pez & Pavon...
    , in which x=15, and the herbaceous genus Gillenia
    Gillenia

    Gillenia is a genus of two species of perennial plant herbs in the Rosaceae family. Common names for plants in this genus include: Bowman's root, Indian-physic, American ipecac....
     (x=9), which is the sibling to the remaining maloids.
  • Subfamily Amygdaloideae
    Prunoideae

    Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, is the flowering plant subfamily containing the genera Prunus and Prinsepia. This subfamily is placed within the Family Rosaceae or by some in its own family, the Prunaceae....
     (or Prunoideae): Traditionally those genera whose fruits consist of a single drupe
    Drupe

    In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovary....
     with a seam, two veins next to the seam, and one vein opposite the seam. Now extended to include the four genera Maddenia, Oemleria, Prinsepia
    Prinsepia

    Prinsepia is a genus of trees in the Rosaceae. It bears fruit which looks like a cherry. The plant grows largely in India, China, Bangladesh, and Taiwan....
     and Prunus
    Prunus

    Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, including the plums, cherry, peaches, apricots and almonds. It is traditionally placed within the rose family Rosaceae as a subfamily, the Prunoideae , but sometimes placed in its own family, the Prunaceae ....
     (plum
    Plum

    A plum or gage is a drupe tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary , the flowers being grouped 1-5 together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side, and a smooth stone....
    , peach
    Peach

    The peach is known as a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach. It is a deciduous tree growing to 5?10 m tall, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae....
    , almond
    Almond

    The Almond is a species of tree of the genus Prunus, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae and native to the Middle East....
    , cherry
    Cherry

    The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherry ....
    , apricot
    Apricot

    The Apricot is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in the subgenus Prunus. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation, but most likely in northern and western China and Central Asia, possibly also Korea and Japan....
    ).
  • Tribe Dryadeae: Fruits are achene with hairy styles. Includes five genera (Dryas
    Dryas (plant)

    Dryas is a genus of dwarf Perennial plant herbaceous plants in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the arctic-alpine regions of Europe, Asia and North America....
    , Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia
    Chamaebatia

    The plant genus Chamaebatia includes two species of aromatic evergreen shrubs known as mountain misery. They are actinorhizal, meaning they are Fabaceae Nitrogen fixation....
    , Cowania     and Purshia
    Purshia

    Purshia is a small genus of 5-8 species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to western North America, where they grow in dry climates from southeast British Columbia in Canada south throughout the western United States to northern Mexico....
    ), most species of which form root nodule
    Root nodule

    Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic bacterium.Under nitrogen limiting conditions, plants from the pea family Fabaceae form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia....
    s which host the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Frankia
    Frankia

    Frankia is a genus of nitrogen fixing filamentous bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to Rhizobia. Bacteria of this genus form root nodules....
    .
  • Tribe Neillieae
    Neillieae

    Neillieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the Maloideae. It includes the genera Physocarpus, Neillia, and Stephanandra....
    : Neillia (including Stephanandra
    Stephanandra

    Stephanandra is a genus in the family Rosaceae. The deciduous, thicket-forming shrubs have attractive wavy-margined leaves that resemble maple leaves and have a good orange-yellow fall color....
    ) and Physocarpus
    Physocarpus

    Physocarpus is a genus of about ten species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America and northeastern Asia .They are deciduous shrubs growing to 1-3 m tall....
    .


Amongst these groups, Neillieae
Neillieae

Neillieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the Maloideae. It includes the genera Physocarpus, Neillia, and Stephanandra....
 appears to be the sister group to Maloideae
Maloideae

The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
, and Dryadeae may be a sibling group to Rosoideae
Rosoideae

The rose subfamily Rosoideae consists of more than 850 species, including many shrubs, perennial herbs, and fruit plants such as Fragaria and brambles....
. Other genera, for example Kerria, appear not to belong to any of these groups.

Fruits

The fruits of the Rosaceae come in varieties. The most common is a drupe
Drupe

In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovary....
 but there are many others. Apple
APPLE

This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...
s, pear
Pear

The pear is an edible pome fruit produced by a tree of genus Pyrus . The pear is classified within Maloideae, a subfamily within Rosaceae. The apple , which it resembles in floral structure, is also a member of this subfamily....
s, quince
Quince

The Quince , or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region....
s, and most other members of the Maloideae
Maloideae

The Maloideae is a large subfamily of the rose family Rosaceae with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere....
 are pome
Pome

In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer....
s, but some are capsule
Capsule (fruit)

In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart to release the seeds within....
s such as in Lindleya
Lindleya

Lindleya is a genus of Mexican evergreen trees of the family Rosaceae. The sole species, L. mespiloides, grows to a height of six meters and bears solitary white fragrant flowers in summer....
. The fruit of a strawberry is an achene
Achene

An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are "monocarpellate" and wikt:indehiscent . Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it....
 held by a red ripe peg. Pome
Pome

In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer....
s and the strawberry
Strawberry

Fragaria is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits....
 are false fruits, while drupe
Drupe

In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part surrounds a shell of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. These fruits develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovary....
s are true fruits. Most fruits of the family are edible and are very important in flavoring such as strawberries
Strawberry

Fragaria is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits....
, cherries
Cherry

The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherry ....
 and apple
APPLE

This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...
s. Almond
Almond

The Almond is a species of tree of the genus Prunus, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae and native to the Middle East....
s are raised for their stones which are used as smoked or salted nut
Nut (fruit)

Nut is a general term for the large, dry, oily seed or fruit of some plant. While a wide variety of dried seeds and fruits are called nuts, only a certain number of them are considered by biologists to be true nuts....
s. Apple
APPLE

This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...
s and strawberries
Strawberry

Fragaria is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits....
 are hybrids of different species in the same genus.

Economic importance

The rose family is probably the third most economically important crop plant family (after the grass family
Poaceae

Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the Magnoliophyta. Plants of this family are usually called grasses; the shrub- or tree-like plants in this family are called bamboo ....
 and the pea family
Fabaceae

Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants, which is commonly known as the legume family, pea family, bean family or pulse family....
), including apple
APPLE

This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac...
s, pear
Pear

The pear is an edible pome fruit produced by a tree of genus Pyrus . The pear is classified within Maloideae, a subfamily within Rosaceae. The apple , which it resembles in floral structure, is also a member of this subfamily....
s, quince
Quince

The Quince , or Cydonia oblonga, is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and native to warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region....
s, medlar
Medlar

Medlar is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae. One, Common Medlar Mespilus germanica, is a long-known native of southwest Asia and possibly also southeastern Europe, and the other, Stern's Medlar Mespilus canescens, was recently discovered in North America....
s, loquat
Loquat

The loquat is a fruit tree in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae, indigenous to southeastern China. It has also been known as Japanese medlar....
s, almond
Almond

The Almond is a species of tree of the genus Prunus, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae and native to the Middle East....
s, peach
Peach

The peach is known as a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach. It is a deciduous tree growing to 5?10 m tall, belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae....
es, apricot
Apricot

The Apricot is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in the subgenus Prunus. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation, but most likely in northern and western China and Central Asia, possibly also Korea and Japan....
s, plum
Plum

A plum or gage is a drupe tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary , the flowers being grouped 1-5 together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side, and a smooth stone....
s, cherries
Cherry

The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherry ....
, strawberries
Strawberry

Fragaria is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits....
, raspberries
Raspberry

The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the subgenus Rubus#Scientific classification of the genus Rubus; the name also applies to these plants themselves....
, blackberries
BlackBerry

The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager. In 2002, the more commonly known smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services as well as a multi-touch interface....
 and cut rose
Rose

A rose is a perennial plant flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colors....
s among the crop plants belonging to the family.

External links

  • at Washington State University
  • at the University of Illinois.
  • at Plants For A Future - Species Database.
  • Flowers in Israel
  • Diagnostic photos of many different species at the Morton Arboretum
    Morton Arboretum

    The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, Illinois, covers 1,700 acres and is made up of gardens of various plant types and collections of trees from specific taxonomical and geographical areas....