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Original Dixieland Jass Band

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Original Dixieland Jass Band



 
 
Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) was a New Orleans, Dixieland Jazz band that made the first jazz
Jazz

Jazz is a primarily American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions....
 recordings early in 1917, their "Livery Stable Blues" became the first issued Jazz single.

The group composed and made the first recordings of many jazz standard
Jazz standard

A jazz standard is a jazz tune that is held in continuing esteem and which is widely known, performed, and recorded among jazz musicians as part of the jazz musical repertoire....
s, the most famous being "Tiger Rag
Tiger Rag

"Tiger Rag" is a jazz standard, originally recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1917....
". In late 1917 it changed the name to "Jazz."

The band consisted of five musicians who had previously played in the Papa Jack Laine
Papa Jack Laine

George Vital Laine aka Papa Jack was the most busy and perhaps the most important band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish-American War to World War I....
 bands, a diverse and racially integrated
Racial integration

Racial integration, or simply integration includes desegregation . In addition to desegregation, integration includes goals such as leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of Race , and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the m...
 collection of musicians who played for parade
Parade

A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, float or sometimes large balloons....
s, dance
Dance

Dance is an art form that generally refers to Motion of the body, usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of Emotional expression, social social interaction or presented in a spirituality or performance setting....
s, and advertising
Advertising

Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to Purchasing or to consume more of a particular brand of Product or Service ....
 in New Orleans.

The ODJB were frequently billed as the "Creators of Jazz", because they were the first band to record jazz commercially and to have hit recordings in the new genre.






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Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) was a New Orleans, Dixieland Jazz band that made the first jazz
Jazz

Jazz is a primarily American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions....
 recordings early in 1917, their "Livery Stable Blues" became the first issued Jazz single.

The group composed and made the first recordings of many jazz standard
Jazz standard

A jazz standard is a jazz tune that is held in continuing esteem and which is widely known, performed, and recorded among jazz musicians as part of the jazz musical repertoire....
s, the most famous being "Tiger Rag
Tiger Rag

"Tiger Rag" is a jazz standard, originally recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1917....
". In late 1917 it changed the name to "Jazz."

The band consisted of five musicians who had previously played in the Papa Jack Laine
Papa Jack Laine

George Vital Laine aka Papa Jack was the most busy and perhaps the most important band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish-American War to World War I....
 bands, a diverse and racially integrated
Racial integration

Racial integration, or simply integration includes desegregation . In addition to desegregation, integration includes goals such as leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of Race , and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the m...
 collection of musicians who played for parade
Parade

A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, float or sometimes large balloons....
s, dance
Dance

Dance is an art form that generally refers to Motion of the body, usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of Emotional expression, social social interaction or presented in a spirituality or performance setting....
s, and advertising
Advertising

Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to Purchasing or to consume more of a particular brand of Product or Service ....
 in New Orleans.

The ODJB were frequently billed as the "Creators of Jazz", because they were the first band to record jazz commercially and to have hit recordings in the new genre. The appellation is accurate in that they were the first band to create successful and popular recordings of jazz. Band leader and trumpeter Nick LaRocca
Nick LaRocca

Dominic James "Nick" La Rocca was an early jazz cornetist and trumpeter and the leader of the Original Dixieland Jass Band. According to La Rocca himself, he was "The Creator of Jazz", "The Christopher Columbus of Music", and "The most lied about person in history since Jesus"....
 argued that the ODJB deserved recognition as the first band to record jazz commercially and the first band to establish jazz as a musical idiom or genre.

Origins of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band

In early 1916 a promoter from Chicago
Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
 approached clarinetist Alcide Nunez
Alcide Nunez

Alcide Patrick Nunez was an early United States jazz clarinetist. Also known as Yellow Nunez and Al Nunez, he was born in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana of an Isle?os family and moved to New Orleans in his childhood....
 and drum
Drum

The drum is a member of the percussion instrument group, technically classified as a membranophone.. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as a drumstick, to produce sound....
mer Johnny Stein
Johnny Stein

John Philip Hountha "Johnny" Stein was an American jazz drummer and bandleader.Stein's surnames are the subject of much confusion; his mother's name was Stein from a previous marriage, and although he was apparently given the last name Hountha, he used Stein professionally....
 about bringing a New Orleans-style band to Chicago
Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
, where the similar Brown's Band From Dixieland led by trombonist
Trombone

The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass instrument family. Like all brass instruments, it is a lip-reed aerophone: sound is produced when the player?s vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate....
 Tom Brown
Tom Brown (trombonist)

Tom Brown, sometimes known by the nickname Red Brown , was an early New Orleans dixieland jazz trombonist. He also played string bass professionally....
 was already enjoying success. They then assembled trombonist Eddie Edwards
Eddie Edwards

File:Eddie Edwards.jpgEdwin Branford "Eddie" Edwards was an early jazz trombonist, best known his pioneer recordings with the Original Dixieland Jass Band....
, pianist
Piano

The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard instrument. Widely used in Western music for solo performance, ensemble use, chamber music, and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to musical composition and rehearsal....
 Henry Ragas
Henry Ragas

Henry Ragas was a jazz pianist who played with the Original Dixieland Jazz Band on their earliest recording sessions. As such, he is the very first jazz pianist to be recorded , although his contributions are barely audible due to the primitive recording equipment available....
 and cornetist Frank Christian
Frank Christian

Frank Joseph Christian was an early jazz trumpeter.Frank Joseph Christian was born in the Bywater, New Orleans of downtown New Orleans, Louisiana....
. Shortly before they were to leave, Christian backed out, and Nick LaRocca
Nick LaRocca

Dominic James "Nick" La Rocca was an early jazz cornetist and trumpeter and the leader of the Original Dixieland Jass Band. According to La Rocca himself, he was "The Creator of Jazz", "The Christopher Columbus of Music", and "The most lied about person in history since Jesus"....
 was hired as a last-minute replacement.

On March 3, 1916 the musicians began their job at Schiller's Cafe in Chicago under the name Stein's Dixie Jass Band. The band was a hit and received offers of higher pay elsewhere. Since Stein as leader was the only musician under contract by name, the rest of the band broke off, sent to New Orleans for drummer Tony Sbarbaro
Tony Sbarbaro

Antonio Sparbaro, better known as Tony Sbarbaro or Tony Spargo was an American jazz drummer associated with New Orleans jazz. He was the drummer of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band for over 50 years....
, and on June 5 started playing renamed as The Dixie Jass Band. LaRocca and Nunez had personality conflicts, and on October 30 Tom Brown's Band and the ODJB mutually agreed to switch clarinetists, bringing Larry Shields
Larry Shields

Lawrence James "Larry" Shields was an early American dixieland jazz clarinetist.Shields was born into an Irish-American family in Uptown New Orleans, on the same block where jazz pioneer Buddy Bolden lived....
 into the Original Dixieland Jass Band. The band attracted the attention of theatrical agent Max Hart, who booked the band in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
. At the start of 1917 the band began an engagement playing for dancing at Reisenweber's Cafe in Manhattan
Manhattan

Manhattan is one of the five borough of New York City, located primarily on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson River.With a United States Census of 1,620,867 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles , Manhattan, coextensive with New York County, is the most population density county in the United States, w...
.

When the New Orleans Jazz style swept New York by storm in 1917 with the arrival of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, Jimmy Durante
Jimmy Durante

James Francis ?Jimmy? Durante was an United States singer, pianist, comedian and actor, whose distinctive gravel delivery, comic language butchery, jazz-influenced songs, and large nose ? his frequent jokes about it included a frequent self-reference that became his nickname: "Schnozzola" ? helped make him one of America's most familiar and...
 was part of the audience at Reisenweber's Cafe on Columbus Circle when the ODJB played that venue. Durante was very impressed with the ODJB and invited them to play at a club called the Alamo in Harlem where Jimmy played piano. The ODJB was soon the hottest thing in show business and Durante had his friend Johnny Stein assemble a group of like-minded New Orleans musicians to accompany his act at the Alamo. They billed themselves as "Durante's Jazz and Novelty Band". In late 1918 they recorded two sides for Okeh under the name of the New Orleans Jazz Band. They re-did the same two numbers a couple of months later for Gennett under the name of Original New Orleans Jazz Band, and in 1920 the same group recorded again for Gennett as Jimmy Durante's Jazz Band. Numerous jazz bands were formed in the wake of the success of the ODJB that copied and replicated the style and sound of the ODJB.

First recordings

While a couple of other New Orleans bands had passed through New York City slightly earlier, they were part of vaudeville
Vaudeville

Vaudeville was a genre of a variety show prevalent on the theatre in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s. It developed from many sources, including the concert saloon, minstrel show, freak shows, dime museums, and literary burlesque....
 acts. The ODJB, on the other hand, played for dancing and were hence the first "jass" band to get a following of fans in New York, and then record at a time when the USA's recording industry was almost entirely centered in New York and New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
.

Shortly after arriving in New York they were offered a chance per a letter dated January 29, 1917, to audition for the Columbia Gramophone Company
Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label founded in 1888.Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in pre-recorded sound, being the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders....
. The session took place on Wednesday, January 31, 1917
1917 in music

Sorry, no overview for this topic
, the first jazz recordings ever made. Columbia opted to shelve the records, later that year releasing "Darktown Strutter's Ball" and "(Back Home in) Indiana" as catalogue #A-2297 in the wake of the group's success for the Victor Talking Machine Company
Victor Talking Machine Company

The Victor Talking Machine Company was an United States corporation, the leading American producer of phonographs and gramophone record and one of the leading phonograph companies in the world at the time....
.

The band then recorded two sides, "Livery Stable Blues" and "Dixie Jass Band One Step," on February 26, 1917 for the Victor label, these titles released as the sides of a 78 record on March 7. The ODJB's records, first marketed simply as a novelty, were a surprise hit, and gave many Americans their first taste of jazz. Musician Joe Jordan
Joe Jordan (musician)

Joe Jordan was an African American musician and composer. Jordan was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and received musical training at the Lincoln Institute in Jefferson City, Missouri....
 sued, since the "One Step" incorporated portions of his 1909 ragtime
Ragtime

Ragtime is an originally American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918. Ragtime was the first truly American musical genre, predating jazz....
 composition "That Teasin' Rag". The record labels were subsequently changed to "Introducing 'That Teasin' Rag' by Joe Jordan".

The surprising success of the ODJB influenced other groups to form jazz bands and to record the new music of jazz, such as the Earl Fuller's Famous Jazz Band, the Frisco Jazz Band, and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings.

The seminal 78 releases by the ODJB include the following Victor, Columbia, and Aeolian Vocalion recordings:

  • 1) Dixie Jass Band One Step/Introducing That Teasin' Rag/Livery Stable Blues, 1917, Victor 18255.
  • 2) At the Jazz Band Ball/Barnyard Blues, 1917, Aeolian Vocalion A1205.
  • 3) Ostrich Walk/Tiger Rag, 1917, Aeolian Vocalion A1206.
  • 4) Reisenweber Rag/Look at 'Em Doing it Now, 1917, Aeolian Vocalion 1242.
  • 5) Darktown Strutter's Ball/(Back Home in) Indiana, 1917, Columbia A2297. The ODJB's recording of Darktown Strutter's Ball was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame on February 8, 2006.
  • 6) Skeleton Jangle/Tiger Rag (1918 version), 1918, Victor 18472.
  • 7) Bluin' the Blues/Sensation Rag, 1918, Victor 18483.
  • 8) Mournin' Blues/Clarinet Marmalade, 1918, Victor 18513. Mournin' Blues also appeared as Mornin' Blues on some releases.
  • 9) Fidgety Feet (War Cloud)/Lazy Daddy, 1918, Victor 18564.
  • 10) 'Lasses Candy/Satanic Blues, 1919, Columbia 759.
  • 11) Oriental Jazz or Jass, 1919, recorded November 24, 1917 and issued as Aeolian Vocalion 12097 in April, 1919 with Indigo Blues by Ford Dabney's Band.
  • 12) Soudan (also known as Oriental Jass or Oriental Jazz), 1920, recorded in London in the UK in May, 1920 and released as English Columbia 829. Soudan was composed by Czech composer Gabriel Sebek in 1906 as In the Soudan: A Dervish Chorus or Oriental Scene for Piano, Op. 45. The B side was "Me-Ow" by the London Dance Orchestra.
  • 13) Margie/Singin' the Blues/Palesteena, 1920, Victor 18717.
  • 14) Broadway Rose/Sweet Mama (Papa's Getting Mad)/Strut, Miss Lizzie, 1920, Victor 18722.
  • 15) Home Again Blues/Crazy Blues/It's Right Here For You (If You Don't Get It, Tain't No Fault O' Mine), 1921, Victor 18729.
  • 16) Tell Me/Mammy O' Mine, 1921, recorded in the UK and released as Columbia 804.
  • 17) I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles/My Baby's Arms, 1921, Columbia 805.
  • 18) I've Lost My Heart in Dixieland/I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now, 1921, Columbia 815.
  • 19) Sphinx/Alice Blue Gown, 1921, Columbia 824.
  • 20) Jazz Me Blues/St. Louis Blues, 1921, Victor 18772.
  • 21) Royal Garden Blues/Dangerous Blues, 1921, Victor 18798.
  • 22) Bow Wow Blues (My Mama Treats Me Like a Dog), 1922, Victor 18850. The B side featured Railroad Blues by the Benson Orchestra of Chicago under pianist and composer Roy Bargy.
  • 23) Toddlin' Blues/Some of These Days, 1923, Okeh 4738.
  • 24) You Stayed Away Too Long/Slipping Through My Fingers, 1935, Vocalion 3099.
  • 25) Original Dixieland One-Step/Barnyard Blues, 1936, Victor 25502.
  • 26) Who Loves You?/Did You Mean It?, 1936, Victor 25420, which featured vocals by Chris Fletcher and Nick LaRocca on trumpet.
  • 27) Ooooo-Oh Boom!/Please Be Kind, 1938, RCA Bluebird B-7442.
  • 28) Good-Night, Sweet Dreams, Good-Night/In My Little Red Book, 1938, RCA Bluebird B-7444, which featured vocals by Lola Bard.
  • 29) Tiger Rag (1943 version), 1944, V-Disc 214.
  • 30) Sensation Rag (1943 version), 1944, V-Disc 214B2.
  • 31) Shake It and Break It/When You and I Were Young, Maggie, 1946, Commodore C-613.


Later history of the band

After their initial recording for Victor, they recorded for Columbia (after the first Victor session, not before as has sometimes been said) and Aeolian-Vocalion
Vocalion Records

Vocalion Records was a record label historically active in the United States and in the United Kingdom.Vocalion was founded in 1916 by the Aeolian Piano Company of New York City, which also introduced a line of phonographs at the same time....
 in 1917, and returned to make more sides for Victor the following year, while enjoying continued popularity in New York. Trombonist Edwards was drafted in 1918 and replaced with Emile Christian
Emile Christian

Emile Joseph Christian was an early jazz trombonist; he also played cornet and string bass.Christian was born into a musical family in the Bywater, New Orleans of New Orleans, most prominently his older brother Frank Christian was a noted cornetist and bandleader....
, and pianist Henry Ragas
Henry Ragas

Henry Ragas was a jazz pianist who played with the Original Dixieland Jazz Band on their earliest recording sessions. As such, he is the very first jazz pianist to be recorded , although his contributions are barely audible due to the primitive recording equipment available....
 died in the Spanish Flu
Spanish flu

The 1918 flu pandemic was an influenza pandemic that spread to nearly every part of the world. It was caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus Strain of subtype H1N1....
 Pandemic
Pandemic

A pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that spreads through populations across a large region; for instance a continent, or even worldwide....
 the following year of influenza, to be replaced by pianist and composer J. Russel Robinson.

Robinson composed the jazz standard "Eccentric" ("That Eccentric Rag"), "Margie", "Jazzola", "Singin' the Blues (Till My Daddy Comes Home)", recorded by Bix Beiderbecke
Bix Beiderbecke

Leon Bix Beiderbecke was an American jazz cornetist and composer, as well as a skilled classical and jazz pianist.One of the leading names in 1920s jazz, Beiderbecke's career was cut short by chronic poor health, exacerbated by alcoholism....
, Frankie Trumbauer
Frankie Trumbauer

Frankie "Tram" Trumbauer was one of the leading jazz saxophonists of the 1920s and 1930s. He played C-melody saxophone, which in size is between an alto and tenor saxophone....
, and Eddie Lang
Eddie Lang

Eddie Lang was an American jazz guitarist, regarded as the most important Chicago jazz guitarist and the Father of the Jazz Guitar. He played a Gibson L-4 and Gibson L-5 guitar, providing great influence for many guitarists, including Django Reinhardt....
, "Mary Lou", "Pan Yan (And His Chinese Jazz Band)", "How Many Times?", "Aggravatin' Papa (Don't You Try to Two-Time Me)", "What Are Little Girls Made Of?", "Get Rhythm in Your Feet", recorded by Red Allen
Red Allen

Henry "Red" Allen was a jazz trumpeter whose style has been claimed to be the first to fully incorporate the innovations of Louis Armstrong....
 and His Orchestra with Chu Berry, "Yeah Man!", recorded by Fletcher Henderson
Fletcher Henderson

Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr. was an United States pianist, bandleader, arrangement and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and Swing ....
 and His Orchestra in 1933 and released on Vocalion, "Reefer Man" for Cab Calloway in 1932, "Dynamite Rag", "Meet Me at No Special Place", recorded by Nat King Cole
Nat King Cole

Nathaniel Adams Coles , known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an United States musician who first came to prominence as a leading jazz pianist....
, "Alhambra Syncopated Waltzes", "Te-na-na (From New Orleans)", "Beale Street Mama", recorded by Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith

Bessie Smith was an United States blues singer.The most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s, Smith is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era, and along with Louis Armstrong, a major influence on subsequent jazz vocalists....
 and Cab Calloway
Cab Calloway

Cabell "Cab" Calloway III was a famous American jazz singer and bandleader.Calloway was a master of energetic scat singing and led one of the United States' most popular African American big bands from the start of the 1930s through the late 1940s....
, and "Palesteena (Lena from Palesteena)". In 1916, Robinson, whose name appeared as "J. Russel Robinson", co-wrote the song "Ole Miss Rag" with W. C. Handy
W. C. Handy

William Christopher Handy was a blues composer and musician, often known as the "Father of the Blues".Handy remains among the most influential of American songwriters....
. In 1919, Robinson co-wrote "Though We're Miles and Miles Apart" with W.C. Handy and Charles N. Hillman which was released by Handy's publishing company. Robinson also wrote the blues classic "St. Louis Gal", which was recorded by Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith

Bessie Smith was an United States blues singer.The most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s, Smith is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era, and along with Louis Armstrong, a major influence on subsequent jazz vocalists....
.

Robinson's compositions for the ODJB in 1920, the classic "Margie", "Singin' the Blues", and "Palesteena (Lena from Palesteena)", released as a 78, were among the most popular and best-selling hits of 1920. "Aggravatin' Papa" was composed with Roy Turk and Addie Britt and was recorded by Alberta Hunter
Alberta Hunter

Alberta Hunter , was an United States blues singer, songwriter, and nurse. Her career had started back in the early 1920s, and from there on, she became a successful jazz and blues recording artist, being critically acclaimed to the ranks of Ethel Waters and Bessie Smith....
 in 1923 with Fletcher Henderson's Dance Orchestra and also by Bessie Smith, Sophie Tucker
Sophie Tucker

Sophie Tucker was a singer and comedian, one of the most popular entertainers in America during the first two-thirds of the 20th century.She was born Sonia Kalish to a Jewish family in Tsarist Russia....
, Florence Mills
Florence Mills

Florence Mills, born Florence Winfrey , known as the "Queen of Happiness," was an American cabaret singer, dancer, and comedian known for her effervescent stage presence, delicate voice, and winsome, wide-eyed beauty....
, Lucille Hegamin
Lucille Hegamin

Lucille Nelson Hegamin was a United States singer and entertainer, and a pioneer African American blues recording artist.Hegamin was born as Lucille Nelson in Macon, Georgia....
, and Pearl Bailey
Pearl Bailey

Pearl Mae Bailey was an American singer and actress. After appearing in vaudeville, she made her Broadway theatre debut in St. Louis Woman in 1946....
. Robinson also wrote with lyricist Roy Turk the compositions "Sweet Man O' Mine", "A-Wearin' Away the Blues", and "Mama Whips! Mama Spanks! (If Her Daddy Don't Come Home)" for blues and jazz singer Mamie Smith
Mamie Smith

Mamie Smith was an United States vaudeville singer, dancer, pianist and actor, who appeared in several motion pictures late in her career. As a vaudeville singer she performed a number of styles including jazz and blues....
 and her Jazz Band in 1921, which were released on the Okeh label.

Robinson was a member of the ODJB until it broke up in 1923 and rejoined the band when it reformed in 1936.

The ODJB classic "Margie", composed by J. Russel Robinson with Con Conrad, with lyrics added by Benny Davis, has been covered over a hundred times. "Margie" has been recorded by Louis Armstrong
Louis Armstrong

Louis Daniel Armstrong , nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was an American jazz trumpeter and singer.Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an innovative cornet and trumpet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence on jazz, shifting the music's focus from collective improvisation to solo performers....
, who also covered the ODJB's "Tiger Rag", Ray Charles
Ray Charles

Ray Charles Robinson , known by his stage name Ray Charles, was an United States pianist, singer, and songwriter who shaped the sound of rhythm and blues....
, Al Jolson
Al Jolson

Al Jolson , born in Lithuania, Russian Empire, was a highly acclaimed American singer, comedian, and actor, and, according to PBS, the "first openly Jewish man to become an entertainment star in America." His career lasted from 1911 until his death in 1950, during which time he was commonly dubbed "the world's greatest entertainer.? Numerous...
, Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington

Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader.Duke Ellington was recognized during his life as one of the most influential Jazz royalty, if not in all American music and he is of only four jazz musicians ever to have been featured on the cover of Time magazine ....
 and His Orchestra in 1935, the Billy Kyle
Billy Kyle

William Osborne "Billy" Kyle was an United States jazz pianist.Kyle was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He began playing the piano in school and by the early 1930s worked with Lucky Millinder, and later the Mills Blue Rhythm Band....
 Swing Club Band, Claude Hopkins
Claude Hopkins

Claude Driskett Hopkins was an United States jazz stride piano pianist and bandleader....
, Red Nichols
Red Nichols

Ernest Loring "Red" Nichols was an United States jazz cornettist, composer, and jazz bandleader....
, Django Reinhardt
Django Reinhardt

Jean-Baptiste "Django" Reinhardt was a Belgian Gypsy jazz guitarist.One of the first prominent European jazz musicians, Reinhardt remains one of the most renowned jazz guitarists due to his innovative and distinctive playing....
, George Paxton
George Paxton

George Paxton was an United States big band bandleader, saxophonist, composer, publisher of sheet music, and arranger of swing jazz music from the 1930s to the late 1940s; as well as president and record producer of Coed Records, primarily a doo-wop record label, from the late 1950s to the mid 1960s....
, the Dutch Swing College Band
Dutch Swing College Band

The Dutch Swing College Band "DSCB" is a dixieland revival band founded on May 5, 1945 by bandleader and clarinetist/saxophonist Peter Schilperoort....
, Fats Domino
Fats Domino

Antoine Dominique "Fats" Domino is a classic Rhythm and blues and rock and roll pianist and singer-songwriter....
, Sidney Bechet
Sidney Bechet

Sidney Bechet was an American jazz saxophone, clarinetist, and composer.He was one of the first important soloists in jazz , and was perhaps the first notable jazz saxophonist of any sort....
, Don Redman
Don Redman

Donald Matthew Redman was an American jazz musician, arranger, and composer.Redman was born in Piedmont, West Virginia. His father was a music teacher, his mother was a singer....
, Cab Calloway
Cab Calloway

Cabell "Cab" Calloway III was a famous American jazz singer and bandleader.Calloway was a master of energetic scat singing and led one of the United States' most popular African American big bands from the start of the 1930s through the late 1940s....
, Jim Reeves
Jim Reeves

James Travis "Jim" Reeves was an United States singer-songwriter of country western and pop music music....
, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman
Benny Goodman

Benjamin David Goodman, was an United States jazz musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as "King of Swing ", "Patriarch of the Clarinet", "The Professor", and "Swing's Senior Statesman"....
.

"Margie" was a #9 hit for the ODJB in 1921 with J. Russel Robinson on piano. Eddie Cantor had the biggest hit version of the ODJB classic, spending 5 weeks at #1 in 1921. The song was also featured in the movie The Eddie Cantor Story and was the theme of the television series of the same name in 1961-1962. Cantor also recorded the ODJB's "Palesteena (Lena from Palesteena)". Gene Rodemich and His Orchestra reached #7 with their version in 1920. Ted Lewis
Ted Lewis

Ted Lewis may be:*Ted Lewis , Edward Morgan Lewis*Ted Lewis , US bandleader, musician, entertainer, singer*Ted Lewis , English crime novelist...
 and His Band reached #4 in 1921. Frank Crumit
Frank Crumit

Frank Crumit was a popular United States singer and songwriter. Crumit was born in Jackson, Ohio, the son of Frank and Mary Poore Crumit, and he died of a heart attack in New York City at the age of 53....
 had a #7 hit in 1921. Claude Hopkins and His Orchestra reached #5 in 1934 with Orlando Peterson on vocals. Don Redman and His Orchestra got to #15 in 1939 with a cover of the ODJB song. Dave Brubeck
Dave Brubeck

David Warren Brubeck , better known as Dave Brubeck, is an United States Jazz piano. Regarded as a jazz icon, he has written a number of jazz standards, including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke"....
, Bix Beiderbecke
Bix Beiderbecke

Leon Bix Beiderbecke was an American jazz cornetist and composer, as well as a skilled classical and jazz pianist.One of the leading names in 1920s jazz, Beiderbecke's career was cut short by chronic poor health, exacerbated by alcoholism....
, Bing Crosby
Bing Crosby

Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby was an United States popular singer and actor whose career lasted from 1926 until his death.One of the first multimedia stars, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby held a nearly unrivaled command of record sales, radio ratings and motion picture grosses....
, Jo Stafford
Jo Stafford

Jo Elizabeth Stafford was an United States singer of traditional pop music and jazz standards whose career ran from the late 1930s to the early 1960s....
, Erroll Garner
Erroll Garner

Erroll Louis Garner was an United States jazz pianist and composer known for his Swung note playing and ballads. His best-known composition, the ballad Misty became a jazz standard with singers....
, Oscar Peterson
Oscar Peterson

Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec, Order of Ontario was a Canada jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends, and was a member of jazz royalty....
, Charlie Shavers
Charlie Shavers

Charlie James Shavers was a Swing era jazz trumpet player who played at one time or another with Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Eldridge, Johnny Dodds, Jimmy Noone, Sidney Bechet, Midge Williams and Billie Holiday....
, Jimmy Smith
Jimmy Smith

Jimmy Smith may refer to:* Jimmy Smith , former NFL player with the Jacksonville Jaguars* Jimmy Smith , Australian rules footballer and coach of St Kilda...
, Joe Venuti, Ray Barretto
Ray Barretto

Ray Barretto a.k.a. King of the Hard Hands , was a Grammy Award-winning Puerto Rico jazz musician, widely credited as the godfather of Latin jazz....
, and Shelly Manne
Shelly Manne

Shelly Manne , born Sheldon Manne in New York City, was an American Jazz drumming. Most frequently associated with West coast jazz, he was known for his versatility and also played in a number of other styles, including Dixieland, Swing music, bebop, avant-garde jazz and Jazz fusion, as well as contributing to the musical background of...
 have also recorded the song. Jimmie Lunceford
Jimmie Lunceford

James Melvin "Jimmie" Lunceford was an United States jazz alto saxophonist and bandleader of the swing era.Lunceford was born in Fulton, Missouri, but attended school in Denver and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at Fisk University....
 recorded the song in 1938 with a Sy Oliver
Sy Oliver

Melvin "Sy" Oliver was a jazz arranger, trumpeter, composer, singer and bandleader. His mother was a piano teacher and his father was a multi-instrumentalist who made a name for himself demonstrating saxophones at a time that instrument was little used outside of marching bands....
 arrangement that featured Trummy Young
Trummy Young

James "Trummy" Young was a trombonist in the Swing Era. Although he was never really a star or a bandleader himself, he did have one hit with his version of "Margie," which he played and sang with Jimmie Lunceford's Orchestra....
.

Other New Orleans musicians, including Nunez, Tom Brown, and Frank Christian, followed the ODJB's example and came to New York to play jazz as well, giving the ODJB competition. LaRocca decided to take the band to London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
, where they would once again enjoy being the only authentic New Orleans jazz band in the metropolis, and again present themselves as the Originators of Jazz because they were the first band to record the new genre of music dubbed jass or jazz. In London, they made twenty more recordings for the British branch of Columbia. While in London, they recorded the second, more commercially successful, version of their hit song Soudan (also known as Oriental Jass).

The band returned to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 in July 1920 and toured for four years. This version of the band played in a more commercial manner, adding a saxophone to the arrangements in the manner of other popular orchestras. In the 1920s LaRocca was replaced by teenaged trumpeter Henry Levine, who later brought this kind of repertoire to the NBC radio show The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street
The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street

The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street was a musical variety radio program which began on the Blue Network in 1940. The magazine Radio Life described it as "one of radio's strangest offsprings......
. Jazz pianist and composer Frank Signorelli, who co-wrote the jazz standards "A Blues Serenade", recorded by Glenn Miller and Duke Ellington, "Gypsy", and "Stairway to the Stars", joined the ODJB for a brief time in 1921.

Break-up


The band broke up in the mid-1920s and its originators scattered. During the Depression, trombonist Eddie Edwards was discovered operating a newsstand in New York City. Newspaper publicity resulted in Edwards fronting a local nightclub band.

In 1936 the musicians played a reunion performance on network radio. RCA Victor invited them back into the studio, and they recorded six numbers as "The Original Dixieland Five." The group toured briefly before again disbanding. Clarinetist Larry Shields received particularly positive attention on this tour, and Benny Goodman
Benny Goodman

Benjamin David Goodman, was an United States jazz musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as "King of Swing ", "Patriarch of the Clarinet", "The Professor", and "Swing's Senior Statesman"....
 commented that Shields was an important early influence.

Edwards and Sbarbaro formed some bands without other original members in the 1940s and 1950s under the ODJB name. In 1944, a new version of "Tiger Rag" was released as a V-Disc or Victory Disc, V-Disc 214, by the reformed band. "Sensation Rag" was also released as V-Disc 214B2. V-Discs were non-commercial releases recorded for the U.S. armed forces.

Back in New Orleans, LaRocca licensed bandleader Phil Zito to use the ODJB name for many years. Nick LaRocca's son, Jimmy LaRocca, continues to lead bands under the name The Original Dixieland Jazz Band today.

In 1960 the book The Story of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band was published. Writer H.O. Brunn based it on Nick LaRocca's recollections, which sometimes differ from that of other sources.

Movie appearance

In 1917, the band appeared in the first appearance of a jazz band in a motion picture, a silent movie entitled The Good for Nothing, which was directed by Carlyle Blackwell, who also played the lead role as Jack Burkshaw. Written by Alexander Thomas, it also featured Evelyn Greeley and Kate Lester, and was produced by William Brady. Nick LaRocca, Larry Shields, Tony Sbarbaro, and Henry Ragas appeared in the film as a band, with LaRocca on trumpet, Shields on clarinet, Ragas on piano, and Sbarbaro on drums. The film, released on December 10, 1917, was produced by Peerless Productions and distributed by World Pictures.

Music of the ODJB

Their first release "Livery Stable Blues" featured instruments doing barnyard imitations and the fully loaded trap set, wood block
Wood block

A wood block is essentially a small piece of slit drums made from a single piece of wood and used as a percussion instrument. It is struck with a stick, making a characteristically percussive sound....
s, cowbells, gong
Gong

A gong is an East Asia and South East Asian musical instrument that takes the form of a flat metal disc which is hit with a mallet.Gongs are broadly of three types....
s, and Chinese gourd
Gourd

A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, or a name given to the hollow, dried shell of a fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family of plants of the genus Lagenaria....
s. This musical innovation represented one of the first experimental exercises in jazz. At the time their music was liberating. Those barnyard sounds were also experiments in altering the tonal qualities of the instruments, and those clattering wood blocks were experiments in breaking up the rhythm. The music had attitude to spare compared to the vapid pop music of the time.

It can also be argued that they were amongst the most talented composers of popular music of their day. Many of the tunes first composed and recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, such as "Tiger Rag
Tiger Rag

"Tiger Rag" is a jazz standard, originally recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1917....
" and "Margie", were recorded by all the major jazz bands and orchestras of the twentieth century, black and white. "Tiger Rag" was recorded by everyone from Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington to Glenn Miller to Benny Goodman. "Tiger Rag", in particular, became popular with many colleges and universities with a tiger as a mascot. In the biography John Coltrane: His Life and Music, published in 1999, Lewis Porter noted that the ODJB's classic "Margie" was a "specialty" of John Coltrane, a song he performed regularly in his early career. "Tiger Rag", "Margie", "Clarinet Marmalade", "At The Jazz Band Ball", "Sensation Rag", and "Fidgety Feet" remain much played classics in the repertory of Dixieland
Dixieland

Dixieland music or sometimes referred to as Hot jazz or New Orleans jazz is a style of jazz which developed in New Orleans, Louisiana at the start of the 20th century, and was spread to Chicago and New York City by New Orleans bands in the 1910s....
 and Traditional Jazz bands today. Their tunes were published as co-compositions of some or all of the entire ensemble, including band leader Nick La Rocca.

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band recording of "Tiger Rag" was no.1 for two weeks on the U.S. hit parade charts beginning on December 11, 1918. The Mills Brothers recorded "Tiger Rag" in 1931 with lyrics and spent four weeks at no.1 on the charts in 1931-1932 with their version of the ODJB song.

Compared to later jazz, the ODJB recordings have only modest improvisation in mostly ensemble tunes. Clarinetist Larry Shields is perhaps the most interesting player, showing a good fluid tone, and if his melodic variations and breaks now seem overly familiar, this is because they were widely imitated by musicians who followed in the ODJB's footsteps.

Their concept of arrangement was somewhat limited, and their recordings can seem rather repetitive. The lack of a bass player is also scarcely compensated for by the piano on their earlier, acoustically recorded sessions.

The ODJB's arrangements were wild and impolite and definitely had a jazz feel, and that style is still referred to as the style of music known as Dixieland
Dixieland

Dixieland music or sometimes referred to as Hot jazz or New Orleans jazz is a style of jazz which developed in New Orleans, Louisiana at the start of the 20th century, and was spread to Chicago and New York City by New Orleans bands in the 1910s....
.

Fletcher Henderson and His Orchestra, one of the most popular and influential jazz bands of the 1920s, recorded several ODJB compositions:

  • 1) "Beale Street Mama", composed by ODJB pianist J. Russel Robinson, was recorded by the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra in 1923 as an instrumental and was released on Paramount;
  • 2) "Clarinet Marmalade" was recorded in 1926 by the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra and released on Vocalion and on Brunswick. In 1931, Henderson recorded a new version of "Clarinet Marmalade", which was released on Columbia;
  • 3) "Livery Stable Blues" was recorded in 1927 and released on Columbia;
  • 4) "Fidgety Feet", composed by Nick LaRocca, was recorded in 1927 and was released on the Vocalion label;
  • 5) "Sensation" was recorded in 1927 and released on Vocalion;
  • 6) "Tiger Rag" was recorded in 1931 and was released on Crown;
  • 7) "Aggravatin' Papa", co-written by ODJB pianist J. Russel Robinson, was recorded by the Fletcher Henderson Dance Orchestra in 1923 with Alberta Hunter on vocals;
  • 8) "Singin' the Blues (Till My Daddy Comes Home)" was recorded in 1931 with Rex Stewart on cornet.


Jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke recorded nine compositions of the ODJB in various bands and orchestras from 1924-1930: "Fidgety Feet", his first recording in 1924, "Tiger Rag", "Sensation", "Lazy Daddy", "Ostrich Walk", "Clarinet Marmalade", "Singin' the Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang, "Margie", and "At The Jazz Band Ball". Beiderbecke was influenced by the ODJB to become a jazz musician and was heavily influenced by Nick LaRocca's trumpet style with the ODJB.

Louis Armstrong acknowledged the importance of the ODJB in the evolution and development of jazz and the influence they had on him:

“Only four years before I learned to play the trumpet in the Waif´s Home, or in 1909, the first great jazz orchestra was formed in New Orleans by a cornet player named Dominick James LaRocca. They called him "Nick" LaRocca. His orchestra had only five pieces but they were the hottest five pieces that had ever been known before. LaRocca named this band, "The Old Dixieland Jass Band". He had an instrumentation different from anything before, an instrumentation that made the old songs sound new. Besides himself at the cornet, LaRocca had Larry Shields, clarinet, Eddie Edwards, trombone, Ragas, piano, and Sbarbaro, drums. They all came to be famous players and the Dixieland Band has gone down now in musical history.”- Louis Armstrong, Swing That Music, 1936

The ODJB deserves recognition as the first band to successfully record jazz and for establishing and creating jazz as a new musical idiom and genre of music.

Cover Versions of "Tiger Rag"

The ODJB's original 1917 composition "Tiger Rag" became a jazz standard that was later covered by Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ted Lewis, Joe Jackson, and the Mills Brothers.

There were 136 cover versions of ODJB's copyrighted jazz standard and classic "Tiger Rag" by 1942 alone. "Tiger Rag" was recorded by:

  • Louis Armstrong, who released the ODJB classic as a 78 single, in 1930 on Okeh and in 1934 on Brunswick.
  • Benny Goodman and his Orchestra.
  • Frank Sinatra.
  • Duke Ellington and his Famous Orchestra on a two-part, double-sided 78 released on Brunswick in 1929.
  • Edward "Kid" Ory with his Creole Jazz Orchestra.
  • Bix Beiderbecke with the Wolverines or the Wolverine Orchestra.
  • Ethel Waters and the Jazz Masters in 1922.
  • Billie Holiday.
  • Sidney Bechet.
  • Bob Crosby and his Bobcats.
  • Fats Waller.
  • Gene Krupa.
  • Ozzie Nelson and His Orchestra
  • Phil Napoleon and his Orchestra in 1926 on Edison.
  • Abe Lyman and his Orchestra.
  • Harry Reser.
  • Whiteway Jazz Band.
  • The New Orleans Rhythm Kings in 1922 on Gennett.
  • Fletcher Henderson.
  • Jelly Roll Morton in 1938.
  • Ray Miller's Orchestra in 1929 on Brunswick.
  • Red McKenzie.
  • Freddy Fisher.
  • Acker Bilk.
  • Harry Roy and his Orchestra.
  • The Maple City Four.
  • The Saint Jazz Band.
  • Isham Jones' Orchestra.
  • Eddie Condon.
  • Pete Fountain released "Tiger Rag" as a 45 single on Coral.
  • Tommy Dorsey.
  • Glenn Miller and his Orchestra.
  • Muggsy Spanier.
  • George Barnes.
  • Liberace
  • Barney Kessel
  • Bobby Short
  • Teddy Wilson.
  • Alvino Rey.
  • The Mills Brothers in 1931, no.1 for four weeks.
  • The Washboard Rhythm Kings.
  • Art Tatum in 1932.
  • Bert Ambrose and his Orchestra.
  • Jack Hylton.
  • Lew Stone.
  • Billy Cotton.
  • Jack Payne.
  • Ray Noble.
  • Joe Jackson.
  • Django Reinhardt with the Quintette of the Hot Club of France.
  • Roy Smeck.
  • Tiger Rag was covered on the 78 series entitled Studies in Swing No.1, 1927, with Nat Gonella on solo trumpet.
  • The Paul Whiteman Orchestra.
  • Jimmy Dorsey with Spike Hughes.
  • Les Paul and Mary Ford in 1952.


In 1954, "Tiger Rag" was featured in the MGM cartoon "Dixieland Droopy", directed by Tex Avery, which Droopy plays on his record. It's also what the flea jazz band that gets on Droopy performs in this cartoon.

The ODJB's "Tiger Rag" was added to the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry in 2002 [1].

Finally, "Tiger Rag" was used in a Microsoft Xbox ad, the "Banned Xbox 360 Ad: Best Ad Ever!", advertising the Xbox 360 console from Microsoft.

Honors

In 1977, the ODJB classic "Singin' the Blues", co-written by J. Russel Robinson, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in a landmark 1927 recording by Frankie Trumbauer and His Orchestra featuring Bix Beiderbecke on cornet and Eddie Lang on guitar, as Okeh 40772-B, recorded on February 4, 1927.

In 2006, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band's recording of "Darktown Strutter's Ball", released in 1917 as Columbia single A2297, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

In 2008, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band classic "Ostrich Walk", written by Edwin B. Edwards, Nick LaRocca, Henry Ragas, Tony Sbarbaro, and Larry Shields, in a performance by Bix Beiderbecke and Frankie Trumbauer, was included on the soundtrack to the Brad Pitt movie The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, which was nominated for 13 Academy Awards. The soundtrack also included the J. Russel Robinson co-composition "Wah Dee Dah", in a performance by Cab Calloway. The movie was based on a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald from the collection Tales of the Jazz Age.