List of species described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Encyclopedia
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
encountered 178 new plants and 122 species and subspecies of animals. They [almost always, Lewis] "collected" them. Lewis did make notes about the specimens but the analyses and detailed scientific descriptions of the specimens were done by others. It was, for instance, Frederick Pursh, who Lewis hired in Philadelphia to review the plant collection and describe and publish the results which Pursh did in 1818. Lewis described and published none of the plants he collected.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition, or ″Corps of Discovery Expedition" was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson and led by two Virginia-born veterans of Indian wars in the Ohio Valley, Meriwether Lewis and William...
encountered 178 new plants and 122 species and subspecies of animals. They [almost always, Lewis] "collected" them. Lewis did make notes about the specimens but the analyses and detailed scientific descriptions of the specimens were done by others. It was, for instance, Frederick Pursh, who Lewis hired in Philadelphia to review the plant collection and describe and publish the results which Pursh did in 1818. Lewis described and published none of the plants he collected.
Mammals
- Discovered (for the first time by science):
- Black-tailed Prairie DogBlack-tailed Prairie DogThe black-tailed prairie dog , is a rodent of the family Sciuridae found in the Great Plains of North America from about the USA-Canada border to the USA-Mexico border. Unlike some other prairie dogs, these animals do not truly hibernate. The black-tailed prairie dog can be seen aboveground in...
(Cynomys ludovicianus) - Bushy-tailed WoodratBushy-tailed WoodratThe Bushy-tailed Woodrat, Packrat, or Woodrat is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.It is found in Canada and the United States....
(Neotoma cinerea) - Grizzly BearGrizzly BearThe grizzly bear , also known as the silvertip bear, the grizzly, or the North American brown bear, is a subspecies of brown bear that generally lives in the uplands of western North America...
(Ursus arctos horribilis or Ursus ferox) - Mule DeerMule DeerThe mule deer is a deer indigenous to western North America. The Mule Deer gets its name from its large mule-like ears. There are believed to be several subspecies, including the black-tailed deer...
(Odocoileus hemionus) - PronghornPronghornThe pronghorn is a species of artiodactyl mammal endemic to interior western and central North America. Though not an antelope, it is often known colloquially in North America as the prong buck, pronghorn antelope, or simply antelope, as it closely resembles the true antelopes of the Old World and...
(Antilocapra americana) - Swift FoxSwift FoxThe swift fox is a small light orange-tan fox around the size of a domestic cat found in the western grasslands of North America, such as Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. It also lives in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada, where it was previously extirpated...
(Vulpes velox) - white-tailed JackrabbitWhite-tailed JackrabbitThe White-tailed Jackrabbit , also known as the Prairie Hare and the White Jack, is a hare found in western North America. Briefly reputed to have been extirpated , it is now clear from observations, roadkilled specimens and historical records that white-tailed jackrabbits are still extant in...
(Lepus townsendii)
- Black-tailed Prairie Dog
- Described:
- American BadgerAmerican BadgerThe American badger is a North American badger, somewhat similar in appearance to the European badger. It is found in the western and central United States, northern Mexico and central Canada, as well as in certain areas of southwestern British Columbia.Their habitat is typified by open...
(Taxidea taxus) - BeaverBeaverThe beaver is a primarily nocturnal, large, semi-aquatic rodent. Castor includes two extant species, North American Beaver and Eurasian Beaver . Beavers are known for building dams, canals, and lodges . They are the second-largest rodent in the world...
(Castor canadensis) - Bighorn sheepBighorn SheepThe bighorn sheep is a species of sheep in North America named for its large horns. These horns can weigh up to , while the sheep themselves weigh up to . Recent genetic testing indicates that there are three distinct subspecies of Ovis canadensis, one of which is endangered: Ovis canadensis sierrae...
(Ovis canadensis auduboni) - BisonBisonMembers of the genus Bison are large, even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae. Two extant and four extinct species are recognized...
(Bison bison) - Black BearAmerican black bearThe American black bear is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in largely forested areas, but do leave forests in...
(Ursus americanus) - Columbian Ground SquirrelColumbian Ground SquirrelThe Columbian ground squirrel is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is found in Canada and the United States....
(Spermophilus columbianus) - CoyoteCoyoteThe coyote , also known as the American jackal or the prairie wolf, is a species of canine found throughout North and Central America, ranging from Panama in the south, north through Mexico, the United States and Canada...
(Canis latrans) - Eastern CottontailEastern CottontailThe eastern cottontail is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae. It is one of the most common rabbit species in North America.-Distribution:...
(Sylvilagus floridanus) - Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
- ElkElkThe Elk is the large deer, also called Cervus canadensis or wapiti, of North America and eastern Asia.Elk may also refer to:Other antlered mammals:...
(Cervus canadensis) - Eastern Gray SquirrelEastern Gray SquirrelThe eastern gray squirrel is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus native to the eastern and midwestern United States, and to the southerly portions of the eastern provinces of Canada...
(Sciurus carolinensis) - Gray WolfGray WolfThe gray wolf , also known as the wolf, is the largest extant wild member of the Canidae family...
(Canis lupus or Canis nubilis) - Long-tailed WeaselLong-tailed WeaselThe long-tailed weasel , also known as the bridled weasel or big stoat is a species of mustelid distributed from southern Canada throughout all the United States and Mexico, southward through all of Central America and into northern South America.-Evolution:The long-tailed weasel is the product of...
(Mustela frenata) - MuskratMuskratThe muskrat , the only species in genus Ondatra, is a medium-sized semi-aquatic rodent native to North America, and introduced in parts of Europe, Asia, and South America. The muskrat is found in wetlands and is a very successful animal over a wide range of climates and habitats...
(Fiber zibethicus) - Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)
- Northern Pocket GopherNorthern Pocket GopherThe Northern Pocket Gopher, Thomomys talpoides, was first discovered by Lewis and Clark on April 9, 1805 at the mouth of the Knife River, North Dakota. These animals are often rich brown or yellowish brown, but also grayish or closely approaching local soil color and have white markings under chin...
(Thomomys talpoides) - Northern River OtterNorthern River OtterThe North American river otter , also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent, found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5 and 14 kg...
(Lontra canadensis) - Northern Short-tailed ShrewNorthern Short-tailed ShrewThe Northern Short-tailed Shrew is the largest shrew in the genus Blarina, and occurs in the northeastern region of North America. It is a semifossorial, highly active and voracious insectivore and is present in a variety of habitats. It is notable in that it is one of the few venomous mammals...
(Blarina brevicauda) - Black-tailed DeerBlack-tailed DeerTwo forms of black-tailed deer or blacktail deer occupying coastal temperate rainforest on North America's Pacific coast are subspecies of the mule deer. They have sometimes been treated as a species, but virtually all recent authorities maintain they are subspecies...
(Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) - PorcupinePorcupinePorcupines are rodents with a coat of sharp spines, or quills, that defend or camouflage them from predators. They are indigenous to the Americas, southern Asia, and Africa. Porcupines are the third largest of the rodents, behind the capybara and the beaver. Most porcupines are about long, with...
(Erethizon dorsatum) - Red FoxRed FoxThe red fox is the largest of the true foxes, as well as being the most geographically spread member of the Carnivora, being distributed across the entire northern hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, Central America, and the steppes of Asia...
(Vulpes vulpes) - Richardson's Ground SquirrelRichardson's Ground SquirrelRichardson's ground squirrel , or the flickertail, is a North American ground squirrel in the genus Urocitellus...
or Flickertail (Spermophilus richardsonii) - Striped SkunkStriped SkunkThe striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, is an omnivorous mammal of the skunk family Mephitidae. Found over most of the North American continent north of Mexico, it is one of the best-known mammals in Canada and the United States.-Description:...
(Mephitis mephitis) - Thirteen-lined ground squirrelThirteen-lined ground squirrelThe thirteen-lined ground squirrel , also known as the striped gopher, leopard ground squirrel, squinney, and as the leopard-spermophile in Audubon’s day, is a ground squirrel....
(Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) - White-tailed deerWhite-tailed DeerThe white-tailed deer , also known as the Virginia deer or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States , Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru...
(Odocoileus virginianus)
- American Badger
Birds
- Discovered (for the first time by science):
- Clark's NutcrackerClark's NutcrackerClark's Nutcracker , sometimes referred to as Clark's Crow or Woodpecker Crow, is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae. It is slightly smaller than its Eurasian relative the Spotted Nutcracker . It is ashy-grey all over except for the black-and-white wings and central tail feathers...
(Nucifraga columbiana) - Common PoorwillCommon PoorwillThe Common Poorwill is a nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, the nightjars. It is found from British Columbia and southeastern Alberta, through the western United States to northern Mexico...
(Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) - Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
- Interior Least Tern (Sterna antillarum athalassos)
- Lewis's WoodpeckerLewis's WoodpeckerThe Lewis's Woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis, is a large North American species of woodpecker which was named for Meriwether Lewis, one of the explorers who surveyed the areas bought by the United States of America during the Louisiana Purchase.-Description:...
(Melanerpes lewis) - McCown's LongspurMcCown's LongspurThe McCown's Longspur is a small ground-feeding bird from the family Calcariidae, which also contains the longspurs and snow buntings.-Description:...
(Calcarius mccownii) - Trumpeter SwanTrumpeter SwanThe Trumpeter Swan, Cygnus buccinator, is the largest native North American bird, if measured in terms of weight and length, and is the largest living waterfowl species on earth. It is the North American counterpart of the European Whooper Swan.-Description:Males typically measure from and weigh...
(Cygnus buccinator)
- Clark's Nutcracker
- Described:
- American AvocetAmerican AvocetThe American Avocet is a large wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae.This avocet has long, thin, gray legs, giving it its colloquial name, "blue shanks". The plumage is black and white on the back with white on the underbelly. The neck and head are cinnamon colored in the summer...
(Recurvirostra americana) - American BitternAmerican BitternThe American Bittern is a wading bird of the heron family Ardeidae. New evidence has led the American Ornithologists' Union to move the heron family into the order Pelecaniformes .-Description:...
(Botaurus lentiginosus) - American CrowAmerican CrowThe American Crow is a large passerine bird species of the family Corvidae. It is a common bird found throughout much of North America...
(Corvus brachyrhynchos) - American GoldfinchAmerican GoldfinchThe American Goldfinch , also known as the Eastern Goldfinch and Wild Canary, is a small North American bird in the finch family...
(Carduelis tristis) - American KestrelAmerican KestrelThe American Kestrel , sometimes colloquially known as the Sparrow Hawk, is a small falcon, and the only kestrel found in the Americas. It is the most common falcon in North America, and is found in a wide variety of habitats. At long, it is also the smallest falcon in North America...
(Falco sparverius) - American RobinAmerican RobinThe American Robin or North American Robin is a migratory songbird of the thrush family. It is named after the European Robin because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closely related, with the European robin belonging to the flycatcher family...
(Turdus migratorius) - American White PelicanAmerican White PelicanThe American White Pelican is a large aquatic bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Central America, in winter....
(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) - Bald EagleBald EagleThe Bald Eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. It is the national bird and symbol of the United States of America. This sea eagle has two known sub-species and forms a species pair with the White-tailed Eagle...
(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) - Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia)
- Belted KingfisherBelted KingfisherThe Belted Kingfisher is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, the only member of that group commonly found in the northern United States and Canada. It is depicted on the 1986 series Canadian $5 note. All kingfishers were formerly placed in one family, Alcedinidae, but recent research suggests...
(Ceryle alcyon) - Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
- Blue GrouseBlue GrouseThe genus Dendragapus, contains two closely related species of grouse that have often been treated as a single variable taxon . The two species are the Dusky Grouse and the Sooty Grouse...
(Dendragapus obscurusDendragapus obscurusThe Dusky Grouse is a species of forest-dwelling grouse native to the Rocky Mountains in North America. It is closely related to the Sooty Grouse , and the two were previously considered a single species, the Blue Grouse.-Description:Adults have a long square tail, gray at the end...
) - Blue JayBlue JayThe Blue Jay is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to North America. It is resident through most of eastern and central United States and southern Canada, although western populations may be migratory. It breeds in both deciduous and coniferous forests, and is common near and in...
(Cyanocitta cristata) - Brewer's BlackbirdBrewer's BlackbirdThe Brewer's Blackbird is a medium-sized New World blackbird, named after the ornithologist Thomas Mayo Brewer....
(Euphagus cyanocephalus) - Brown-headed CowbirdBrown-headed CowbirdThe Brown-headed Cowbird is a small brood parasitic icterid of temperate to subtropical North America. They are permanent residents in the southern parts of their range; northern birds migrate to the southern United States and Mexico in winter, returning to their summer habitat around March or...
(Molothrus ater) - Canada GooseCanada GooseThe Canada Goose is a wild goose belonging to the genus Branta, which is native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, having a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brownish-gray body....
(Branta canadensis) - Carolina ParakeetCarolina ParakeetThe Carolina Parakeet was the only parrot species native to the eastern United States. It was found from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf of Mexico, and lived in old forests along rivers. It was the only species at the time classified in the genus Conuropsis...
(Conuropsis carolinensis) - Cedar WaxwingCedar WaxwingThe Cedar Waxwing is a member of the family Bombycillidae or waxwing family of passerine birds. It breeds in open wooded areas in North America, principally southern Canada and the northern United States.-Description:...
(Bombycilla cedrorum) - Cliff SwallowCliff SwallowThe Cliff Swallow is a member of the passerine bird family Hirundinidae — the swallows and martins.It breeds in North America, and is migratory, wintering in western South America from Venezuela southwards to northeast Argentina...
(Hirundo pyrrhonota or Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) - Columbian Sharp-tailed GrouseColumbian Sharp-tailed GrouseThe Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse is a subspecies of Sharp-tailed Grouse native to the Western United States and British Columbia.-Description:...
(Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) - Common NighthawkCommon NighthawkThe Common Nighthawk is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark , displaying cryptic colouration and intricate patterns, this bird becomes invisible by day. Once aerial, with its buoyant but erratic flight,...
(Chordeiles minor) - Common RavenCommon RavenThe Common Raven , also known as the Northern Raven, is a large, all-black passerine bird. Found across the northern hemisphere, it is the most widely distributed of all corvids...
(Corvus corax) - Eastern KingbirdEastern KingbirdThe Eastern Kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus, is a large Tyrant flycatcher.Adults are grey-black on the upperparts with light underparts; they have a long black tail with a white end and long pointed wings. They have a red patch on their crown, seldom seen...
(Tyrannus tyrannus) - Great Blue HeronGreat Blue HeronThe Great Blue Heron is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America as well as the West Indies and the Galápagos Islands. It is a rare vagrant to Europe, with records from Spain, the Azores and England...
(Ardea herodias) - Great EgretGreat EgretThe Great Egret , also known as the Great White Egret or Common Egret, White Heron, or Great White Heron, is a large, widely-distributed egret. Distributed across most of the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world, in southern Europe it is rather localized...
(Ardea alba) - Greater Prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus)
- Golden eagleGolden EagleThe Golden Eagle is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Once widespread across the Holarctic, it has disappeared from many of the more heavily populated areas...
(Aquila chrysaetos) - Great Horned OwlGreat Horned OwlThe Great Horned Owl, , also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.-Description:...
(Bubo virginianus) - Hairy WoodpeckerHairy WoodpeckerThe Hairy Woodpecker is a medium-sized woodpecker, averaging approximately 250 mm in length with a 380 mm wingspan...
(Picoides villosus) - Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
- KilldeerKilldeerThe Killdeer is a medium-sized plover.Adults have a brown back and wings, a white belly, and a white breast with two black bands. The rump is tawny orange. The face and cap are brown with a white forehead. They have an orange-red eyering...
(Charadrius vociferusKilldeerThe Killdeer is a medium-sized plover.Adults have a brown back and wings, a white belly, and a white breast with two black bands. The rump is tawny orange. The face and cap are brown with a white forehead. They have an orange-red eyering...
) - Lark sparrowLark SparrowThe Lark Sparrow is a fairly large American sparrow. It is the only member of the genus Chondestes.This passerine bird breeds in southern Canada, much of the United States, and northern Mexico. It is much less common in the east, where its range is contracting...
(Chondestes grammacus) - Loggerhead ShrikeLoggerhead ShrikeThe Loggerhead Shrike is a passerine bird. It is the only member of the shrike family endemic to North America; the related Northern Shrike occurs north of its range but also in the Palearctic....
(Lanius ludovicianus) - Long-billed CurlewLong-billed CurlewThe Long-billed Curlew, Numenius americanus, is a large North American shorebird of the family Scolopacidae. This species was also called "sicklebird" and the "candlestick bird". The species is native to central and western North America...
(Numenius americanus) - MallardMallardThe Mallard , or Wild Duck , is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia....
(Anas platyrhynchos) - Merganser (Mergus serrator)
- Mourning DoveMourning DoveThe Mourning Dove is a member of the dove family . The bird is also called the Turtle Dove or the American Mourning Dove or Rain Dove, and formerly was known as the Carolina Pigeon or Carolina Turtledove. It is one of the most abundant and widespread of all North American birds...
(Zenaida macroura) - Northern FlickerNorthern FlickerThe Northern Flicker is a medium-sized member of the woodpecker family. It is native to most of North America, parts of Central America, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and is one of the few woodpecker species that migrate. There are over 100 common names for the Northern Flicker...
(Colaptes auratus) - Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) - tentative
- OspreyOspreyThe Osprey , sometimes known as the sea hawk or fish eagle, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey. It is a large raptor, reaching more than in length and across the wings...
(Pandion haliaetus) - Passenger PigeonPassenger PigeonThe Passenger Pigeon or Wild Pigeon was a bird, now extinct, that existed in North America and lived in enormous migratory flocks until the early 20th century...
(Ectopistes migratorius) - Pinyon jayPinyon JayThe Pinyon Jay is a jay between the North American Blue Jay and the Eurasian Jay in size. It is the only member of the genus Gymnorhinus, . Its overall proportions are very Nutcracker-like and indeed this can be seen as convergent evolution as both birds fill similar ecological niches...
(Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) - Piping ploverPiping PloverThe Piping Plover is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America. The adult has yellow-orange legs, a black band across the forehead from eye to eye, and a black ring around the neck...
(Charadrius melodus) - Plains Sharp-tailed grouseSharp-tailed GrouseThe Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus , is a medium-sized prairie grouse. It is also known as the sharptail, and is known as "fire grouse" or "fire bird" by Native American Indians due to their reliance on brush fires to keep their habitat open.-Taxonomy:The Greater Prairie-chicken,...
(Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi) - Red-headed WoodpeckerRed-headed WoodpeckerThe Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, is a small or medium-sized woodpecker from temperate North America. Their breeding habitat is open country across southern Canada and the eastern-central United States.-Taxonomy:...
(Melanerpes erythrocephalus) - Red-tailed HawkRed-tailed HawkThe Red-tailed Hawk is a bird of prey, one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the "chickenhawk," though it rarely preys on standard sized chickens. It breeds throughout most of North America, from western Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West...
(Buteo jamaicensis) - Red-winged BlackbirdRed-winged BlackbirdThe Red-winged Blackbird is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found in most of North and much of Central America. It breeds from Alaska and Newfoundland south to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and Guatemala, with isolated populations in western El Salvador, northwestern Honduras, and...
(Agelaius phoeniceus) - Ruffed GrouseRuffed GrouseThe Ruffed Grouse is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada to Alaska. It is non-migratory.The Ruffed Grouse is frequently referred to as a "partridge"...
(Bonasa umbellus) - Sandhill CraneSandhill CraneThe Sandhill Crane is a large crane of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. The common name of this bird references habitat like that at the Platte River, on the edge of Nebraska's Sandhills in the American Midwest...
(Grus canadensis) - Snow GooseSnow GooseThe Snow Goose , also known as the Blue Goose, is a North American species of goose. Its name derives from the typically white plumage. The genus of this bird is disputed...
(Chen caerulescens) - Sprague's PipitSprague's PipitSprague's Pipit is a small passerine bird that breeds in the short and mixed-grass prairies of North America and overwinters in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Easiest to identify by the distinctive descending call that is delivered in the breeding season from a considerable...
(Anthus spragueii) - Upland SandpiperUpland SandpiperThe Upland Sandpiper is a large shorebird, closely related to the curlews . Older names are the Upland Plover and Bartram's Sandpiper. It is the only member of the genus Bartramia. The genus name and the old common name Bartram's Sandpiper commemorate the American naturalist William Bartram...
(Bartramia longicauda) - Western meadowlarkWestern MeadowlarkNot to be confused with Eastern MeadowlarkThe Western Meadowlark is a medium-sized icterid bird, about 8.5 in long. It nests on the ground in open country in western and central North America. It feeds mostly on insects, but also seeds and berries...
(Sturnella neglecta) - Whip-poor-willWhip-poor-willThe Eastern Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus, is a medium-sized nightjar from North and Central America. The whip-poor-will is commonly heard within its range, but less often seen because of its superior camouflage...
(Caprimulgus vociferus) - Whooping craneWhooping CraneThe whooping crane , the tallest North American bird, is an endangered crane species named for its whooping sound. Along with the Sandhill Crane, it is one of only two crane species found in North America. The whooping crane's lifespan is estimated to be 22 to 24 years in the wild...
(Grus americana) - Wild TurkeyWild TurkeyThe Wild Turkey is native to North America and is the heaviest member of the Galliformes. It is the same species as the domestic turkey, which derives from the South Mexican subspecies of wild turkey .Adult wild turkeys have long reddish-yellow to grayish-green...
(Meleagris gallopavo) - WilletWilletThe Willet, Tringa semipalmata , is a large shorebird in the sandpiper family. It is a good-sized and stout scolopacid, the largest of the shanks...
(Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) - Wood DuckWood DuckThe Wood Duck or Carolina Duck is a species of duck found in North America. It is one of the most colourful of North American waterfowl.-Description:...
(Aix sponsa)
- American Avocet
Reptiles
- Discovered (for the first time by white people):
- Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridisCrotalus viridisCrotalus viridis is a venomous pitviper species native to the western United States, southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico. Currently, nine subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
) - Western hognose snake (Heterodon nasicusHeterodon nasicusHeterodon nasicus is a harmless colubrid species found in North America and northern Mexico. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the typical form described here.-Description:...
)
- Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis
- Described:
- Bull snake (Pituophis cateniferPituophis cateniferPituophis catenifer is a harmless colubrid species found in North America. Six subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. The specific name catenifer is Latin for 'chain bearing', referring to the dorsal color pattern.-Description:Adults specimens are...
) - Spiny Soft shell Turtle (Apalone spinifera)
- Western Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans)
- Western Kitty Snake (Thamnophis katniss vahrans)
- Bull snake (Pituophis catenifer
Fish
- Discovered (for the first time by white people):
- Blue catfishBlue catfishThe blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, is one of the largest species of North American catfish. Blue catfish are distributed primarily in the Mississippi River drainage including the Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and Arkansas rivers...
(Ictalurus furcatus) - Channel catfishChannel catfishChannel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is North America's most numerous catfish species. It is the official fish of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Tennessee, and is informally referred to as a "channel cat". In the United States they are the most fished catfish species with approximately 8...
(Ictalurus punctatus) - Cutthroat troutCutthroat troutThe cutthroat trout is a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family of order Salmoniformes. It is one of the many fish species colloquially known as trout...
(Salmo clarki or Onchorhynchus clarki) - GoldeyeGoldeyeThe goldeye, Hiodon alosoides, is a species of fish in the mooneye family . It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay. It is...
(Hiodon alosoides) - Mountain suckerMountain suckerThe Mountain Sucker is a sucker found throughout western North America.This is a slender and streamlined sucker, generally olive green to brown above and on the sides, and white to yellowish underneath. There may be a pattern of darker blotches along the sides...
(Prosopium williamsoniMountain whitefishThe mountain whitefish is one of the most widely distributed salmonid fish of western North America. It is found from the Mackenzie River drainage in Northwest Territory, Canada south through western Canada and the northwestern USA in the Pacific, Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins to the...
) - White sturgeon
- Blue catfish
- Described:
- Common Northern Sucker (Catastomus catostomus)
- SaugerSaugerThe sauger is a freshwater perciform fish of the family Percidae which resembles its close relative the walleye. They are members of the largest vertebrate order, Perciforms. They are the most migratory percid species in North America. Saugers obtain two dorsal fins, the first is spiny and the...
(Stizostedion canadensis)
Plants
- Discovered (for the first time by white people):
- Black greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus)
- Blue FlaxBlue flaxBlue flax is a common name of two or more species in the genus Linum :*Linum lewisii*Linum perenne...
(Linum lewisiiLinum lewisiiLinum lewisii is a perennial plant in the family Linaceae, native to western North America from Alaska south to Baja California, and from the Pacific Coast east to the Mississippi River...
) - BuffaloberryBuffaloberryShepherdia are a genus of small shrubs which have rather bitter tasting berries, native to northern and western North America. They are non-legume Nitrogen fixers...
(Shepherdia argenteaShepherdia argenteaShepherdia argentea is a species of Shepherdia, native to central North America from southern Canada south in the United States to northern California and New Mexico.It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–6 m tall...
) - Curly-top gumweed (Grindelia squarrosaGrindelia squarrosaGrindelia squarrosa is a small North American biennial or short-lived perennial plant which grows to a height of 90 cm and bears yellow flowers from June to September. It was discovered by Lewis and Clark and before that it had been used by Great Plains Tribes as a medicinal herb.-External...
) - Fringed sagebrush (Artemisia ludovicianaArtemisia ludovicianaArtemisia ludoviciana is a species of sagebrush known by several common names, including silver wormwood, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, and gray sagewort....
) - Gumbo evening primrose (Oenothera caespitosaOenothera caespitosaOenothera caespitosa, known commonly as tufted evening primrose and fragrant evening primrose, is a perennial plant of the genus Oenothera native to much of western and central North America...
) - Indian tobacco (Nicotiana quadrivalvisNicotiana quadrivalvisNicotiana quadrivalvis is a species of wild tobacco known by the common name Indian tobacco. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is a bushy, sprawling annual herb growing up to two meters in maximum height...
) - Lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexaSalvia reflexaSalvia reflexa is a perennial subshrub native to the United States and Mexico and introduced to Argentina, Australia, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand.It reaches 4-28 inches in height with small, opposite, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic leaves up to two inches...
) - Red false mallow (Sphaeralcea coccineaSphaeralcea coccineaSphaeralcea coccinea is a perennial plant growing 10–30 cm tall from spreading rhizomes with a low habit. They have grayish stems with dense, star-shaped hairs and alternately arranged leaves. The leaf blades are 2–5 cm long, palmately shaped, and deeply cut, with 3–5 main wedge-shaped segments....
) - Shadscale (Atriplex canescensAtriplex canescensAtriplex canescens, Chamiso, Chamiza, Four wing saltbush, Four-wing saltbush, and Fourwing saltbush, is a species of evergreen shrub in the Amaranthaceae family, which is native to the western and mid-western United States....
) - Silver-leaf Scurfpea (Psoralea argophylla or Pediomelum argophylla)
- Snow-on-the-mountain (Euphorbia marginataEuphorbia marginataEuphorbia marginata, snow-on-the-mountain, smoke-on-the-prairie, variegated spurge,whitemargined spurge, is a small shrub in the Euphorbiaceae or spurge family native to parts of temperate North America...
) - White Milkwort (Polygala alba)
- Wild Alfalfa (Psoralidium tenuiflora or Psoralea tenuiflora)
- Described:
- Antelope bush (Purshia tridentataPurshia tridentataPurshia tridentata is a nitrogen fixing shrub in the genus Purshia, native to mountainous areas of western North America ranging from southeastern British Columbia in the north, east to Montana and south to California and New Mexico...
) - Aromatic Aster (Aster oblongifoliusAster oblongifoliusAster oblongifolius is a species of Aster native to parts of eastern and central United States. It is found in parts of Kansas,Ohio, northern Illinois, hilly parts of southern Illinois, and on the banks of the Mississippi River and Illinois River, as well as other parts of the central United...
) - Aromatic Sumac aka Squaw bush (Rhus aromaticaRhus aromaticaRhus aromatica is a plant species in the family Anacardiaceae native to Canada and the United States....
) - BearberryBearberryBearberries are three species of dwarf shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos. Unlike the other species of Arctostaphylos , they are adapted to Arctic and sub-Arctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe, one with a small highly disjunctive population...
aka KinnikinnickKinnikinnickKinnikinnick is a Native American smoking product, typically made of mixture of various leaves or barks with other plant materials.-Etymology:...
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursiArctostaphylos uva-ursiArctostaphylos uva-ursi, with names for this species including Kinnikinnick and Pinemat manzanita, one of several related species referred to as Bearberry...
) - Bur OakBur oakQuercus macrocarpa, the Bur Oak, sometimes spelled Burr Oak, is a species of oak in the white oak section Quercus sect. Quercus, native to North America in the eastern and midwestern United States and south-central Canada...
(Quercus macrocarpa) - Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothraeGutierrezia sarothraeGutierrezia sarothrae is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names broom snakeweed and perennial matchweed. It is native to much of the western half of North America, from central Canada to northern Mexico...
) - Canada Milk-vetch (Astragalus canadensisAstragalus canadensisAstragalus canadensis is a common and widespread member of the milkvetch genus in the legume family, known commonly as Canadian milkvetch. The plant is found throughout Canada and the United States in many habitats including wetlands, woodlands, and prairies...
) - Common Horsetail, aka Scouring rush (Equisetum arvenseEquisetum arvenseEquisetum arvense, commonly known as the Field Horsetail or Common Horsetail, is a rather bushy perennial with a rhizomatous stem formation native to the northern hemisphere. These horsetails may have sterile or fertile stems. Sterile stems start to grow after the fertile stems have wilted...
) - Common Juniper (Juniperus communisJuniperus communisJuniperus communis, the Common Juniper, is a species in the genus Juniperus, in the family Cupressaceae. It has the largest range of any woody plant, throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia.-...
) - Common Monkey-flower (Mimulus guttatusMimulus guttatusMimulus guttatus, the Common monkey-flower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial herbaceous wildflower that grows along the banks of streams and seeps in western North America.-Description:...
) - Creeping Juniper (Juniperus horizontalisJuniperus horizontalisJuniperus horizontalis is a low-growing shrubby juniper native to northern North America, throughout most of Canada from Yukon east to Newfoundland, and in the United States in Alaska, and locally from Montana east to Maine, reaching its furthest south in Wyoming and northern Illinois.It lives up...
) - Dwarf Sagebrush (Artemisia canaArtemisia canaArtemisia cana is a species of sagebrush native to western and central North America, having three subspecies. It known by many common names, including silver sagebrush, sticky sagebrush, silver wormwood, hoary sagebrush, and dwarf sagebrush...
) - Eastern CottonwoodEastern CottonwoodPopulus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood, is a cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States, the southernmost part of eastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico.-Description:...
(Populus deltoides) - False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosaAmorpha fruticosaAmorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by several common names, including desert false indigo and bastard indigobush. It is found throughout eastern Canada, northern Mexico, and most of the continental United States, but it is probably naturalized in western...
) - Fire-on-the-Mountain (Euphorbia cyathophora)
- Ginger Gayfeather aka Medium Button Snakeroot (Liatris firecrotchus)
- Golden currant (Ribes aureumRibes aureumRibes aureum Pursh is a species of small to medium-sized deciduous shrubs 2 to 3 meters tall in the genus Ribes...
) - Large-flowered Clammyweed (Polanisia dodecandra trachysperma)
- Long-leaved Sagebrush aka Mugwort (Artemisia longifolia)
- Meadow AnemoneMeadow AnemonePulsatilla pratensis is a species of the genus Pulsatilla, native to central and eastern Europe, from southeast Norway and western Denmark south and east to Bulgaria. It grows from near sea level in the north of the range, up to 2,100 m in the south of its range.It is a herbaceous perennial plant...
(Anemone canadensisAnemone canadensisAnemone canadensis is a herbaceous perennial native to moist meadows, thickets, streambanks, and lakeshores in North America, spreading rapidly by underground rhizomes, valued for its white flowers.-Description:Shoots with deeply divided and toothed basal leaves grow from caudices on long,...
) - Missouri milk-vetch (Astragalus missouriensisAstragalus missouriensisAstragalus missouriensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Missouri milkvetch. It is native to central North America, where it is common and widespread.-External links:**...
) - Moundscale (Atriplex gardneri)
- Needle-and-thread grass aka Porcupine Grass (Hesperostipa comataHesperostipa comataHesperostipa comata, commonly known as needle-and-thread grass, is a species of grass native to North America, especially the western third. It has a wide distribution spanning from northern Canada to Mexico.-Description:...
) - Pasture sagewort (Artemisia frigida)
- Pin CherryPin cherryPrunus pensylvanica, also known as bird cherry, fire cherry, pin cherry, and red cherry, is a North American cherry species in the genus Prunus.-Distribution:...
(Prunus pennsylvanica) - Ponderosa PinePonderosa PinePinus ponderosa, commonly known as the Ponderosa Pine, Bull Pine, Blackjack Pine, or Western Yellow Pine, is a widespread and variable pine native to western North America. It was first described by David Douglas in 1826, from eastern Washington near present-day Spokane...
(Pinus ponderosa) - Purple ConeflowerEchinacea angustifoliaEchinacea angustifolia is a herbaceous plant species in Asteraceae. The plants grow tall with spindle-shaped taproots that are often branched. The stems and leaves are moderately to densely hairy.E. angustifolia blooms late spring to mid summer...
(Echinacea angustifoliaEchinacea angustifoliaEchinacea angustifolia is a herbaceous plant species in Asteraceae. The plants grow tall with spindle-shaped taproots that are often branched. The stems and leaves are moderately to densely hairy.E. angustifolia blooms late spring to mid summer...
) - Purple Prairie-clover (Petalostemon purpurea or Dalea purpureaDalea purpureaDalea purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name purple prairie clover, better written as "prairie-clover," in recognition of the fact that it is not a true clover...
) - RabbitbrushEricameriaEricameria is a genus of shrubs in the Asteraceae or daisy family known by the common names rabbitbrush, rabbitbush, and goldenbush. These are semi-deciduous shrubs familiarly known as to sagebrush. They are distributed in the arid western United States and northern Mexico. Bright yellow flowers...
(Ericameria nauseosa; formerly Chrysothamnus nauseosus) - Raccoon Grape (Ampelopsis cordata)
- Rigid Goldenrod (Solidago rigida)
- Rocky Mountain Beeplant (Cleome serrulata)
- Rough Gayfeather aka Large Button Snakeroot (Liatris asperaLiatris asperaLiatris aspera also known as the lacerate, rough, tall or prairie blazing star is a wildflower that is found the mid to eastern United States in habitats that range from mesic to dry prairie and dry savanna....
) - Silky Wormwood (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Spiny Goldenweed (Machaeranthera pinnatifida or Haplopappus spinulosus)
- Thick-spike Gayfeather aka Prairie Button Snakeroot (Liatris pycnostachyaLiatris pycnostachyaLiatris pycnostachya is an ornamental plant native to the tallgrass prairies of the Midwestern United States.-External links:*...
) - Western Red Cedar aka Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorumJuniperus scopulorumJuniperus scopulorum is a species of juniper native to western North America, in Canada in British Columbia and southwest Alberta, in the United States from Washington east to North Dakota, south to Arizona and also locally western Texas, and northernmost Mexico from Sonora east to Coahuila...
) - Wild Four-o'clock (Mirabilis nyctagineaMirabilis nyctagineaMirabilis nyctaginea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family known by several common names, including wild four o'clock, heartleaf four o'clock, and heartleaf umbrella wort. It is native to the central section of North America, and it occurs elsewhere as an introduced species,...
) - Wild RiceWild riceWild rice is four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China...
(Zizania palustris) - Wild Rose (Rosa arkansana)
- Antelope bush (Purshia tridentata