List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen

This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese of Bremen , supposedly a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Cologne, then of the bishops of Bremen, who were in personal union

Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...

archbishops of Hamburg (simply titled Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen), later simply titled archbishops of Bremen, since 1180 simultaneously officiating as rulers of princely rank (prince-archbishop) in the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen , a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...

. Bremen

Bremen

The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...

and Hamburg

Hamburg

-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...

were the seats of the chapters

Cathedral chapter

In accordance with canon law, a cathedral chapter is a college of clerics formed to advise a bishop and, in the case of a vacancy of the episcopal see in some countries, to govern the diocese in his stead. These councils are made up of canons and dignitaries; in the Roman Catholic church their...

at Bremen Cathedral

Bremen Cathedral

Bremen Cathedral , dedicated to St. Peter, is a church situated in the market square in the center of Bremen, in northern Germany. The cathedral belongs to the Bremian Evangelical Church, a member of the Protestant umbrella organisation named Evangelical Church in Germany...

and Hamburg Concathedral, while the incumbents used to reside in their castle in Vörde

Bremervörde

Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Oste river near the mid of the triangle, which is formed of the rivers Weser and Elbe respectively the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven....

since 1219.

Titles of the incumbents of the Bremian See

Not all incumbents of the Bremian See were imperially

Holy Roman Empire

invested princely power as Prince-Archbishops and not all were papally confirmed as bishops. In 1180 part of the Bremian diocesan territory and small parts of the neighbouring Diocese of Verden were disentangled from the Duchy of Saxony

Duchy of Saxony

The medieval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian stem duchy" covering the greater part of Northern Germany. It covered the area of the modern German states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt and most of Schleswig-Holstein...

and became an own territory of imperial immediacy called Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen , a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

. The prince-archbishopric was an elective monarchy

Elective monarchy

An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected rather than hereditary monarch. The manner of election, the nature of the candidacy and the electors vary from case to case...

, with the monarch being the respective archbishop usually elected by the Bremian Chapters at Bremen Cathedral and Hamburg Concathedral, with the latter enfranchised to three capitular votes, and confirmed by the Holy See

Holy See

The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...

, or exceptionally only appointed by the Holy See. Papally confirmed archbishops were then invested by the emperor with the princely regalia

Regalia

Regalia is Latin plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a Sovereign.The word stems from the Latin substantivation of the adjective regalis, 'regal', itself from Rex, 'king'...

, thus the title prince-archbishop

Prince-Bishop

A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

. However, sometimes the respective incumbent of the see never gained a papal confirmation, but was still invested the princely regalia. Also the opposite occurred with a papally confirmed archbishop, never invested as prince. A number of incumbents, elected by the chapter, neither achieved papal confirmation nor imperial investiture

Investiture

Investiture, from the Latin is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent...

, but as a matter of fact nevertheless de facto held the princely power. The respective incumbents of the see bore the following titles:

Bishop
Bishop (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the Catholic faith and ruling the Church....

of Bremen from 787 to 845
Archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...

of Hamburg and Bishop of Bremen in personal union
Personal union
A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...

(colloquially also Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen) from 848 to 1072
Archbishop of Bremen (colloquially also Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen) from 1072 to 1179
Prince-Archbishop
Prince-Bishop
A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial Prince of the Church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent titles of nobility held concurrently with their inherent clerical office...

of Bremen from 1180 to 1566, paralleled by the de facto rule of Catholic Administrators from 1316 to 1327 and again 1348 to 1360
Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1316 to 1327, 1348 to 1360, and again 1568 to 1645. Either simply de facto replacing the Prince-Archbishop or lacking canon-law prerequisites the incumbent of the see would officially only hold the title administrator (but nevertheless colloquially referred to as Prince-Archbishop). Between 1568 and 1645 all administrators were Lutherans, while else they were Roman Catholics.
The last, but only provisional incumbent of the See
Episcopal See
An episcopal see is, in the original sense, the official seat of a bishop. This seat, which is also referred to as the bishop's cathedra, is placed in the bishop's principal church, which is therefore called the bishop's cathedral...

, Francis of Wartenberg, therefore bore the title Vicar Apostolic (1645–1648)

Catholic Bishops of Bremen till 845

Episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Bishops of Bremen (787–845)
787–789	Willehad also Willehadus or Willihad	Northumbria Northumbria Northumbria was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.Northumbria was... ca. 745 – 8 November 789, Blexen, today a part of Nordenham Nordenham Nordenham is a town in the Wesermarsch district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located at the mouth of the Weser river on the Butjadingen peninsula on the coast of the North Sea. The seaport city of Bremerhaven is located on the other side of the river...	death	Saint
789–805	sede vacante Sede vacante Sede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon Law of the Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church...
805–838	Willerich Willerich Willerich was the second bishop of Bremen in Germany; or, according to some, the first, his predecessor Willehad being just a missionary in the area, and the diocese set up after his death. He was consecrated in 804 or 805.... also Willeric, Wilrich, Wilderic	unknown – 4 May? 838	death
838–845	Leuderich also Leutrich in High German	unknown – 24 August 845	death
845–847	sede vacante

Catholic Archbishops of Hamburg in personal union Bishops of Bremen (848–1072)

Episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Archbishops of Hamburg in personal union Bishops of Bremen (848–1072)
847–865	Ansgar Ansgar Saint Ansgar, Anskar or Oscar, was an Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. The see of Hamburg was designated a "Mission to bring Christianity to the North", and Ansgar became known as the "Apostle of the North".-Life:After his mother’s early death Ansgar was brought up in Corbie Abbey, and made rapid... also Anschar in Low Saxon, Oskar in Scandinavian languages	Corbie Corbie Corbie is a commune of the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:The small town is situated up river from Amiens, in the département of Somme and is the main town of the canton of Corbie. It lies in the valley of the River Somme, at the confluence of the River Ancre. The town... 796 or 8 September 801? – 3 February 865 Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...	death	in personal union Personal union A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state... archbishop of Hamburg 831–865, Apostle of the North Saint
865–888	Rimbert Rimbert Saint Rimbert was archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg from 865 until his death.A monk in Turholt , he shared a missionary trip to Scandinavia with his friend Ansgar, whom he later succeeded as archbishop in Hamburg-Bremen in 865... of Turholt also Rembert or Rembart	near Turholt Torhout Torhout is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality only comprises the city of Torhout proper. On January 1, 2008 Torhout had a total population of 19,755... ? in Flanders Flanders Flanders is the community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands. "Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp... 830 – 11 June 888, Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...	death	second Apostle of the North Saint
888–909	Adalgar Adalgar Adalgar was the third archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen from 888 until his death. Adalgar is revered as a saint. His feast day is 29 April.... also Adelger	unknown – 9 May 909 Bremen	death	Saint
*909–916	Hoger also Huggar	unknown – 20 December 916	death
917–918	Reginwart	unknown – 1 October 918	death
918–936	Unni Unni (archbishop) Saint Unni was an archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen . He died as a missionary in Birka in Sweden, where he tried to continue Ansgar's work....	unknown – 17 September 936, Birka Birka During the Viking Age, Birka , on the island of Björkö in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient. Björkö is located in Lake Mälaren, 30 kilometers west of contemporary Stockholm, in the municipality of Ekerö...	death	third Apostle of the North Saint
936–988	Adaldag Adaldag Adaldag was the seventh archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, from 937 until his death.He was of noble birth, a relation and pupil of Adalward, Bishop of Verden, and became canon of Hildesheim... also Adelgis or Adelger	ca. 900 – 28 April 988	death
988–1013	Liawizo I also Libizo, Libentius I in Latin	Burgundy or Raetia Raetia Raetia was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian people. It was bounded on the west by the country of the Helvetii, on the east by Noricum, on the north by Vindelicia, on the west by Cisalpine Gaul and on south by Venetia et Histria... unknown – 4 January 1013	death	Apostle of the Slavs uncle of Liawizo II Saint
1013–1029	Unwan, Count Palatine of Saxony Unwan, Archbishop of Bremen Unwan was the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen from 1013 until his death.Unwan was granted his see on the agreement that his inheritance would go to the diocese on his death. Throughout his tenure, he was in conflict with the equally ambitious Bernard II, Duke of Saxony, as was his successor, Adalbert... also Unwin (House of Immeding Immedinger The Immedinger were a noble family of medieval Saxony, descended from the Saxon leader Widukind. The most notable member was Saint Matilda , queen consort of King Henry I of Germany.... )	unknown – 27 January 1029 Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...	death
1029–1032	Liawizo II also Libentius II	unknown – 24 August 1032	death	nephew of Liawizo I
1032–1035	Hermann	unknown – 19 September 1035	death
1035–1043	Adalbrand of Bremen (in High German) also Alebrand in Low Saxon, or Bezelin, Becelin, Bencelin	*unknown – 15 April 1043	death
1043–1072	Adalbert, Count Palatine of Saxony Adalbert of Hamburg This article is about Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen. For other uses, see Adalbert .Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen was a German prelate, who was Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen from 1043 until his death... as Albert I	Goseck Goseck Goseck is a municipality lying on the Saale River, in the Burgenlandkreis district of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.-Geographic location:Goseck is located on the north bank of the Saale River about halfway between Naumburg and Weißenfels.... ca. 1000 – 16/25 March 1072 Goslar Goslar Goslar is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz mountain range. The Old Town of Goslar and the Mines of Rammelsberg are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.-Geography:Goslar is situated at the...	death

Catholic Archbishops of Bremen (1072–1179)

Episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Archbishops of Bremen (1072–1179)
1072–1101	Liemar	unknown – 16 May 1101 Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...	death
1101–1104	Humbert, Archbishop of Bremen	unknown – 10 November 1104	death
1104–1123	Frederick I	unknown – 29 January 1123	death
1123–1148	Adalbero, Archbishop of Bremen as Adalbert II	unknown – 5 August 1148	death
1148–1168	Hartwig, Count of Stade as Hartwig I (House of Udonids)	before 1124 – 11 October 1168 Bremen	death	brother of Liutgard of Stade Lutgard of Salzwedel Lutgard of Salzwedel or Liutgard/Luitgard of Stade, was a Danish Queen consort, spouse of King Eric III of Denmark.-Life:... , Queen consort of Denmark
1168, episcopate claimed	Siegfried of Anhalt Siegfried, Count of Anhalt Siegfried of Anhalt was born as the third son of Sophie of Winzenburg and her husband Albert the Bear, then Count of Anhalt, of the House of Ascania. He was educated as a Roman Catholic clerk. In 1168 he was elected Archbishop of Bremen, but failed to gain control of the See... (House of Ascania)	ca. 1132 – 24 October 1184	inhibited by Guelphic partisans	Archbishop Elect of Bremen, elected by the Chapter and preferred by his father Albert the Bear Albert I of Brandenburg Albert the Bear was the first Margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.-Life:... , Bishop of Brandenburg 1173–1179, became Prince-Archbishop of Bremen in 1180
1168–1178	Baldwin I also Balduin	unknown – 18 June 1178 Bremen Bremen The City Municipality of Bremen is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany. A commercial and industrial city with a major port on the river Weser, Bremen is part of the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan area . Bremen is the second most populous city in North Germany and tenth in Germany.Bremen is...	dismissed by Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:... , ensued by Baldwin's death	preferred candidate of Guelphic Henry III, the Lion Henry the Lion Henry the Lion was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, which duchies he held until 1180.... , imposed by Frederick I Barbarossa Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa was a German Holy Roman Emperor. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy in Pavia in 1155, and finally crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV, on 18 June 1155, and two years later in 1157 the term... against the Chapter's candidate Siegfried
1178–1179	Bert(h)old also Bertram	unknown – 6 April 1212	dismissal	never papally confirmed, Prince-Bishop of Metz Diocese of Metz The Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz is a Diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in France. In the Middle Ages it was in effect an independent state, part of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by the bishop who had the ex officio title of count. It was annexed to France by King Henry II in... 1180–1212

Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1180–1316)

Reign and episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1180–1316)
1180–1184	Siegfried of Anhalt Siegfried, Count of Anhalt Siegfried of Anhalt was born as the third son of Sophie of Winzenburg and her husband Albert the Bear, then Count of Anhalt, of the House of Ascania. He was educated as a Roman Catholic clerk. In 1168 he was elected Archbishop of Bremen, but failed to gain control of the See... (House of Ascania)	ca. 1132 – 24 October 1184	death	before bishop of Brandenburg 1173–1180
1184–1185	rule by the Chapter due to sede vacante
1185–1190	Hartwig of Uthlede Hartwig of Uthlede Hartwig of Uthlede was - as Hartwig II - Prince-Archbishop of Bremen and one of the originators of the Livonian Crusade. Coming from a family of the Bremian Ministerialis at Uthlede, he was a canon of Bremen Cathedral and a clerk of Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony, House of Guelph, before becoming... as Hartwig II, also Wilrich	unknown – 3 November 1207	dismissal	deposed as prince by Henry VI Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI was King of Germany from 1190 to 1197, Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 to 1197 and King of Sicily from 1194 to 1197.-Early years:Born in Nijmegen,... , never papally dismissed as archbishop
1190–1192	rule by the Chapter due to sede vacante			Chapter disregarded Hartwig II's persisting papal acceptance as archbishop
1192	Valdemar of Denmark Valdemar of Denmark (bishop) Valdemar Knudsen was a Danish clergyman and statesman. His mother gave birth to him as the posthumous illegitimate son of Canute V of Denmark... also Waldemar (House of Estridsen)	1157/1158 – April 1235 or 1236 Cîteaux	held in Danish captivity 1193–1206	imprisoned by Canute VI of Denmark Canute VI of Denmark Canute VI was King of Denmark . Canute VI was the eldest son of King Valdemar I and Sophia of Polotsk.-Life:... , also bishop of Schleswig 1182–1208
1192–1207	Hartwig of Uthlede Hartwig of Uthlede Hartwig of Uthlede was - as Hartwig II - Prince-Archbishop of Bremen and one of the originators of the Livonian Crusade. Coming from a family of the Bremian Ministerialis at Uthlede, he was a canon of Bremen Cathedral and a clerk of Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony, House of Guelph, before becoming... as Hartwig II, also Wilrich	unknown – 3 November 1207	death	de facto reaccepted by the Chapter, since Valdemar stayed imprisoned
1207–1210	Burchard, Count of Stumpenhusen as Burchard I		resignation	temporarily accepted as anti-archbishop only in Hamburg, nephew of Gerard I
1208–1217	Valdemar of Denmark Valdemar of Denmark (bishop) Valdemar Knudsen was a Danish clergyman and statesman. His mother gave birth to him as the posthumous illegitimate son of Canute V of Denmark... (House of Estridsen)	1157/1158 – April 1235 or 1236 Cîteaux	dismissal	only in Bremen accepted as imperially invested prince, papally dismissed and banned
1210–1219	Gerard of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen as Gerard I (House of Oldenburg House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden... )	unknown – 14 August 1219	death	uncle of Burchard of Stumpenhusen, also prince-bishop of Osnabrück Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück was a prince-bishopric centred on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück. The diocese was erected in 772 and is the oldest see founded by Charlemagne, in order to Christianize the conquered stem-duchy of Saxony.... 1190–1216
1219–1258	Gebhard of Lippe also Gerard II (House of Lippe House of Lippe The House of Lippe is a German Royal House. The House of Lippe descends from Count Jobst Hermann of Lippe whose son Bernhard I was the founder of the state of Lippe in 1123.... )	ca. 1190 – 27 July or 28 August 1258 Vörde Bremervörde Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Oste river near the mid of the triangle, which is formed of the rivers Weser and Elbe respectively the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven....	death	son of Bernard II, Lord of Lippe Bernard II, Lord of Lippe Bernard II was Lord of Lippe from 1167 through 1196.... , titled Bishop of Hamburg in the diocesan territory right of the Elbe Elbe The Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of the northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia , then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg... , and Archbishop of Bremen left of the Elbe
1258–1273	Hildebold, Count of Wunstorf	unknown – 11 October 1273	death
1273–1274	rule by the Chapter due to sede vacante
1274–1306	Gilbert of Brunckhorst also Gis(el)bert of Bronchorst (House of Bronckhorst)	unknown – 18 November 1306 Vörde Bremervörde Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Oste river near the mid of the triangle, which is formed of the rivers Weser and Elbe respectively the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven....	death
1306–1307	Henry of Goltern also of Golthorn, as Henry I	unknown – 9 April 1307	death	died before papal confirmation
1307, only elect	Florence, Count of Brunckhorst also Florentius, Floris, also of Bronchorst (House of Bronckhorst)	unknown – 1308 Avignon Avignon Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...	death	died before papal confirmation, counter-candidate to the next
1307, only elect	Bernard of Wölpe (Counts of Wölpe County of Wölpe The County of Wölpe was the territorial lordship of a noble family in the Middle Ages in the Middle Weser Region near Nienburg/Weser which folded in 1302. The seat of the counts of Wölpe was the castle site at Erichshagen-Wölpe on the Wölpe stream in the borough of Nienburg in north Germany... )	ca. 1230/1240 – 17 September 1310	death	never papally confirmed, counter-candidate to the former
1307–1310	rule by the Chapter due to sede vacante
1310–1316 (1327)	Jens Grand Jens Grand Dr. Jens Grand, the Firebug was a Danish archbishop of Lund , titular Archbishop of Riga and Terra Mariana , and Prince-Archbishop of Bremen , known as the central figure of the second ecclesiastical struggle in Denmark in the late 13th century... the Firebug as John I, (House of Hvide Hvide Hvide was a medieval Danish clan, and afterwards in early modern era a Danish noble surname of presumably one surviving branch of leaders of that clan. Before 16th century it was not used as surname... )	ca. 1260 – 30 May 1327 Avignon Avignon Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...	declared mentally insane by the Chapter on 19 May 1316 and dismissed, however, in 1318 papally recognised again till his death	lacking the capitular elective mandate, only papally appointed, before Archbishop of Lund Diocese of Lund -External links:* from Nordisk Familjebok, in Swedish... 1289–1302, Prince-Archbishop of Riga 1304–1310

Catholic Administrators (1316–1327; 1345–1362) and Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1327–1348)

Reign	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Administrators of Bremen (1316–1327)
1316–1324	John of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Celle line) (House of Welf)	before 1296 – 1324	deposed by the chapter in 1322, but in the same year papally recognised till his death	son of Otto the Strict, appointed administrator by the chapter, replacing Grand declared mentally insane
1324–1327	Nicolaus Ketelhot also Kettelhodt or Kesselhut	unknown – 11 February 1332	ascension of Burchard II	also Prince-Bishop of Verden 1312–31 serving as administrator and vicar general Vicar general A vicar general is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular... (this as of 1322), supported by Vicar General Dietrich von Xanthen
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1327–1348)
1327–1344	Burchard Grelle as Burchard II	unknown – 13 August 1344	death
1344–1348	Otto of Oldenburg as Otto I (House of Oldenburg House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden... )	unknown – before 14 March 1348	death	uncle of the next
Roman Catholic Administrator of Bremen (1345–1360)
1345–1360/62	Maurice of Oldenburg (House of Oldenburg House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden... )	unknown – 24 July 1364 or 1368 killed in action near Blexen Nordenham Nordenham is a town in the Wesermarsch district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located at the mouth of the Weser river on the Butjadingen peninsula on the coast of the North Sea. The seaport city of Bremerhaven is located on the other side of the river...	dismissal	nephew of the former, son of John II elected prince-archbishop by the chapters in 1348, but never papally confirmed, appointed administrator by his uncle and again by Godfrey, who appointed him also coadjutor, forced to resign in 1362 by Albert II Albert of Brunswick and Lunenburg-Wolfenbüttel Duke Albert of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Wolfenbüttel line was as Albert II Prince-Archbishop of Bremen in the years 1361–1395.-Before ascending to the See of Bremen:...

Catholic Prince-Archbishops and Administrator of Bremen (1348–1496)

Reign and episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops and Administrator of Bremen (1348–1496)
de jure De jure De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".De jure = 'Legally', De facto = 'In fact'.... 1348–1360, de facto never	Godfrey, Count of Arnsberg also Godfried in Low Saxon	ca. 1285 – 4 December 1363	resignation	lacking the capitular elective mandate, only papally confirmed as archbishop, never gained power, de facto wielded by Administrator Maurice, also Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück was a prince-bishopric centred on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück. The diocese was erected in 772 and is the oldest see founded by Charlemagne, in order to Christianize the conquered stem-duchy of Saxony.... 1321–1349
1360–1395	Albert of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) Albert of Brunswick and Lunenburg-Wolfenbüttel Duke Albert of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Wolfenbüttel line was as Albert II Prince-Archbishop of Bremen in the years 1361–1395.-Before ascending to the See of Bremen:... as Albert II (House of Welf)	unknown – 14 April 1395	death	lacking the capitular elective mandate, brother of Magnus II Torquatus Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Magnus , called Magnus with the Necklace or Magnus II, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruling the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Wolfenbüttel and, temporarily, Lüneburg....
1395–1406	Otto of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel line) as Otto II (House of Welf)	*ca. 1364 – 30 June 1406	death	Prince-Bishop of Verden 1388–1395, son of Magnus Torquatus
1406–1421	Johann Slamstorp also Slamestorpe, or Schlamstorf in High German, as John II	*ca. 1350/60 – 20 December 1421	death
1422–1435	Nicholas of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst (House of Oldenburg House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden... )	unknown – 8 December 1447	resignation
1435–1441	Baldwin of Wenden also Boldewin of Dahlen or Balduin, as Baldwin II	unknown – 8 July 1441	death
1442–1463	Gerard of Hoya also Gerhard von der Hoye as Gerard III (Counts of Hoya)	unknown – 1463	death
Roman Catholic Administrator of Bremen (1463–1496)
1463–1496	Henry XXVII of Schwarzburg as Henry II (House of Schwarzburg House of Schwarzburg The House of Schwarzburg was one of the oldest noble families of Thuringia, until its extinction in 1971 with the death of Prince Friedrich Günther... )	13 November 1440 – 24 December 1496 underways to East Frisia East Frisia East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....	death	Archbishop elect, due to minority only appointed administrator, having come of age and after election and investiture as Prince-Bishop of Münster (1466–1496), where he preferently resided, he never pursued his papal appointment as archbishop any more

Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1497–1568)

Reign and episcopate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen (1497–1568)
1497–1511	Johann Rode von Wale Johann Rode von Wale Johann Rode von Wale was a Catholic cleric, a Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, a chronicler, a long-serving government official and as John III Prince-archbishop of Bremen between 1497 and... also Johann Roden Bok, or Rhode or Rufus as John III	ca. 1445 – 4 December 1511, Vörde Bremervörde Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Oste river near the mid of the triangle, which is formed of the rivers Weser and Elbe respectively the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven....	death
1511–1542/1547	Christopher the Spendthrift of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) (House of Welf)	1487 – 22 January 1558, Tangermünde Tangermünde Tangermünde is a town in the district of Stendal, in the northeastern part of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the Elbe river in the Altmark region.-History:Tangermünde can look back at an 1000-year history...	de facto dismissal as prince by Chapter and Estates	son of Henry IV Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Henry , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called Henry the Elder or Henry the Evil, was prince of Wolfenbüttel from 1491 until his death.-Life:... , also Prince-Bishop of Verden 1502–1558, where he usually resided, dismissed for his prodigality by Chapter and Estates of the Prince-Archbishopric
1542/1547–1549	rule by the Chapter and the Prince-Archbishopric's Estates		Emperor Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As... 's threat to impose an administrator	Chapter and Estates dismissed the prince-archbishop due to his prodigality
1549–1558	Christopher the Spendthrift (House of Welf)	1487 – 22 January 1558, Tangermünde Tangermünde Tangermünde is a town in the district of Stendal, in the northeastern part of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the Elbe river in the Altmark region.-History:Tangermünde can look back at an 1000-year history...	death	also Prince-Bishop of Verden 1502–1558, where he usually resided, reaccepted as prince by Chapter and Estates after Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As... threatened to install an administrator of his choice, brother of the next
1558–1566	George of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel line) (House of Welf)	22 November 1494 – 4 December 1566	death	brother of the former, also Prince-Bishop of Verden 1558–1566
1566–1568	rule by Chapter and Estates		majority of Administrator Henry III Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg was a Prince-Archbishop of Bremen , then Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück , then Prince-Bishop of Paderborn . The Roman Catholic Church never confirmed the Lutheran Henry as bishop....	sede vacante (1566–1567), then custodianship for the minor administrator

Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1568–1645)

Reign	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1568–1645)
1568–1585	Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg was a Prince-Archbishop of Bremen , then Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück , then Prince-Bishop of Paderborn . The Roman Catholic Church never confirmed the Lutheran Henry as bishop.... as Henry III (House of Ascania)	1 November 1550 – 22 April 1585 Vörde Bremervörde Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Oste river near the mid of the triangle, which is formed of the rivers Weser and Elbe respectively the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven....	death	elected by the Chapter, dominated by Lutheran capitulars, imperially invested as prince, but never papally confirmed, also administrator of the prince-bishoprics of Osnabrück Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück was a prince-bishopric centred on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück. The diocese was erected in 772 and is the oldest see founded by Charlemagne, in order to Christianize the conquered stem-duchy of Saxony.... (1574–1585) and Paderborn Bishopric of Paderborn The Archdiocese of Paderborn is an Archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany; its seat is Paderborn. It was a diocese from its foundation in 799 until 1802, and again from 1821 until 1930. In 1930, it was promoted to an archdiocese... (1577–1585)
1585–1589	rule by Chapter and Estates		majority of Administrator John Adolphus John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel . He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen...	custodianship for the minor administrator
1589–1596	John Adolphus of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel . He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen... (House of Holstein-Gottorp House of Holstein-Gottorp The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, ruled Sweden from 1751 until 1818, and Norway from 1814 to 1818.In 1743 Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was elected crown prince of Sweden as a Swedish concession to Russia, a strategy for achieving an acceptable peace... )	* 27 February 1575 – 31 March 1616* Gottorp Gottorp Gottorf Castle is a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the ancestral home of the Holstein-Gottorp branch of the House of Oldenburg...	resignation	also 1st Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck Bishopric of Lübeck The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and, later, Protestant diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire.-History: The original diocese was founded about 970 by Emperor Otto I in the Billung March at Oldenburg in Holstein , the former capital of the pagan Wagri tribe... 1586–1607, after succeeding in 1590 his father as Duke regnant the Bremian Chapter enforced his resignation in favour of his brother
1596–1634	John Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp John Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp was the Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck and the Prince-Bishopric of Verden.His parents were Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and Christine,... (House of Holstein-Gottorp House of Holstein-Gottorp The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, ruled Sweden from 1751 until 1818, and Norway from 1814 to 1818.In 1743 Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was elected crown prince of Sweden as a Swedish concession to Russia, a strategy for achieving an acceptable peace... )	Gottorp Gottorp Gottorf Castle is a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the ancestral home of the Holstein-Gottorp branch of the House of Oldenburg... , 1 September 1579 – 3 September 1634, Altkloster Buxtehude Buxtehude is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany in the district of Stade and part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . Buxtehude is a steadily growing medium-sized town and the second largest in the district of Stade. It lies on the southern borders of the Altes Land within easy reach of...	death	also administrator of the Prince-Bishoprics of Lübeck Bishopric of Lübeck The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and, later, Protestant diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire.-History: The original diocese was founded about 970 by Emperor Otto I in the Billung March at Oldenburg in Holstein , the former capital of the pagan Wagri tribe... (1607–1634) and Verden (1631–1634).
1634–1635	rule by Chapter and Estates due to sede vacante
1635–1645	Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark Frederick III of Denmark Frederick III was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. He instituted absolute monarchy in Denmark and Norway in 1660, confirmed by law in 1665 as the first in western historiography. He was born the second-eldest son of Christian IV of Denmark and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg... as Frederick II (House of Oldenburg House of Oldenburg The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden... )	Haderslev Haderslev Haderslev is a town and municipality on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark. Also included is the island of Årø as well as several other smaller islands in the Little Belt. The municipality covers and has a population of 56,414 . Its mayor is Jens Christian Gjesing,... , 18 March 1609 – 9 February 1670, Copenhagen Copenhagen Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...	resignation by Second Peace of Brömsebro Treaty of Brömsebro The Second Treaty of Brömsebro was signed on 13 August 1645, and ended the Torstenson War, a local conflict that began in 1643 and was part of the larger Thirty Years' War) between Sweden and Denmark-Norway...	also administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden 1623–1629 and again 1634–1644, expelled from both sees by the Swedes

Catholic Administrator and Vicar Apostolic 1635/1645 – securalisation

Reign or vicariate	Name	Birth and death with places	Reason for end of office	Notes
Roman Catholic Administrator and Vicar Apostolic 1635/1645
1635, papal appointment, imperial investiture, lacking the capitular elective mandate	Leopold William of Austria Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria was an Austrian military commander, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1647 to 1656, and a patron of the arts.-Biography:... as Administrator Leopold William (House of Habsburg)	Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt -Main sights:* The Late-Romanesque Dom, consecrated in 1279 and cathedral from 1469 to 1785. The choir and transept, in Gothic style, are from the 14th century. In the late 15th century 12 statues of the Apostles were added in the apse, while the bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl is attributed to... , 5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662, Vienna Vienna Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...	due to the Swedish occupation of the Prince-Archbishopric he never gained de facto power	Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII , born Maffeo Barberini, was pope from 1623 to 1644. He was the last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms, and was a prominent patron of the arts and reformer of Church missions... provided him as administrator (he lacked any clerical qualification to be bishop) of Bremen, his father Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II , a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , and King of Hungary . His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.- Life :... invested him with the princely regalia Regalia Regalia is Latin plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a Sovereign.The word stems from the Latin substantivation of the adjective regalis, 'regal', itself from Rex, 'king'... also administrator of the prince-bishoprics of Halberstadt Bishopric of Halberstadt The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese from 804 until 1648 and an ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire from the late Middle Ages... (1628–48), Olomouc Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic. Not much is known about the beginnings of the Diocese of Olomouc... (1637–62), Passau (1625–62), Strasbourg Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.The archdiocese is unique in France as it has no suffragans and is immediately subject to the Holy See in Rome.... (1626–62), and Wrocław (1656–62), as well as of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg Archbishopric of Magdeburg The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese and Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River.... (1631–38).
1645, papal appointment, lacking the capitular elective mandate	Francis of Wartenberg Vicar Apostolic Franz Wilhelm	Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... , 1 March 1593 – 1 December 1661, Ratisbon Regensburg Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...	he never gained pastoral influence, let alone power as prince-archbishop due to the Swedish occupation of the prince-archbishopric	Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj , was Pope from 1644 to 1655. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle... appointed him vicar apostolic, i.e. provisional head of see, also prince-bishop of Osnabrück (1625–1634 and again 1648–1661), of Ratisbon Bishopric of Regensburg The Bishopric of Regensburg was a small prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now southern Germany. It was elevated to the Archbishopric of Regensburg in 1803 after the dissolution of the Archbishopric of Mainz, but became a bishopric again in 1817.-History:The diocese... (1649–1661) and of Verden (1630–1631)
1645–1648	rule by the Swedish occupants due to sede vacante Sede vacante Sede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon Law of the Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church...
After 15 May 1648	The Prince-Archbishopric was converted into a heritable monarchy, the Duchy of Bremen, first ruled in personal union Personal union A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state... by the Swedish crown. See List of Dukes of Bremen (1648–1823).

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