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Wiener Neustadt
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Wiener Neustadt ( English: Vienna's Newtown, Croatian: Becko Novo Mjesto), is a town located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administration of Wiener Neustadt-Land.
city was founded by the Babenberger Duke Leopold V in 1194, who financed the construction of the city with the ransom paid for the English king Richard the Lionheart, who had previously been held as a hostage in Austria at Dürnstein.
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Encyclopedia
Wiener Neustadt ( English: Vienna's Newtown, Croatian: Becko Novo Mjesto), is a town located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administration of Wiener Neustadt-Land.
History
The city was founded by the Babenberger Duke Leopold V in 1194, who financed the construction of the city with the ransom paid for the English king Richard the Lionheart, who had previously been held as a hostage in Austria at Dürnstein. Wiener Neustadt, meaning more or less New Vienna ("Viennese Newtown"), first served as a fortress to defend against nearby Hungary. Important privileges were given to the city in order to enable it to prosper. In the 15th century, Wiener Neustadt experienced a population boom, when Emperor Friedrick III took up his residence here and in Graz. The Wappenwand (coat of arms wall) at the local castle displays the coats of arms of his possessions in the middle. His son Maximilian I maintained his court in Wiener Neustadt and is buried there in the St. George's Cathedral.
King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary conquered the city in August of 1487 after having laid siege to it for two years. He dedicated the Corvinus Cup to the inhabitants. Maximilian I managed to reconquer his native city in 1490. During the 16th century, Wiener Neustadt lost its status as imperial residence and much of its importance. However, it still fulfilled its function as bulwark against the Turks and the Kuruc. In 1751 it received greater attention when Empress Maria Theresa of Austria decided to dedicate the First Military Academy worldwide inside the imperial castle. In 1752, the Theresian Military Academy took up its operations, which have continued to this day with only a few interruptions. (Erwin Rommel became the commandant in 1938.) In 1768, Wiener Neustadt was destroyed by an earthquake and damaged the castle, which was rebuilt using plans made by the architect Nicolò Pacassi. In 1785, Emperor Joseph II transferred the see of the diocese of Wiener Neustadt to St. Pölten.
In the 19th century the city became an industrial town, especially after the opening of the Austrian Southern Railway in 1842. In 1909, the "first official Austrian airfield" was inaugurated north of the city. It later served as a training ground for the flight pioneers Igo Etrich, Karl Illner and Adolf Warchalowski, who conducted their tests there.
Targets of strategic bombing during World War II included the city's Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke (WNF) factory and two Raxwerke plants which used Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp labor. Bombing operations such as Operation Pointblank left
Main sights
- The Late-Romanesque Dom, consecrated in 1279 and cathedral from 1469 to 1785. The choir and transept, in Gothic style, are from the 14th century. In the late 15th century 12 statues of the Apostles were added in the apse, while the bust of Cardinal Melchior Klesl is attributed to Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
- Former church of St. Peter an der Sperr, erected in the 13th century and modified in the mid-15th century by the imperial architect Peter von Pusica. Secularized in the 19th century, it is now used for exhibitions.
- The Military Academy, a 13th century formerly four-towered castle which was later used as residence by Frederick III of Habsburg. The latter had it enlarged and the St. George Chapel built in the mid-15th century: it has notable glassworks and houses the tomb of Emperor Maximilian I. It became seat of the Academy in 1752. Destroyed during World War II, it has been rebuilt to the original appearance.
- Water tower
- Tower of Tortures (early 13th century), now housing a private weapons collection.
- Mariensäule (a plague column at Hauptplatz)
- Church of the Capuchins, documented from the 13th century. Of the original construction today the Gothic choir (late 14th century) and the statues of St. Mary and St. James can be seen.
- The medieval walls, built using part of the ransom of Richard I of England.
- City archives
- Hospital museum
- Kurt Ingerl-Gedenkraum
- Mineralogical museum
- Tower museum in the cathedral
Transportation
Wiener Neustadt connects to other major centers of population by the Austrian Federal Railway and the Autobahn. The city has two airfields (a military one which was the first airfield in Austria and a civil one owned by Diamond Aircraft) and is the starting point of Austria's only shipping canal, the Wiener Neustaedter Kanal, which was meant to reach out to Trieste but was never finished.
University, professional schools, vocational academies
Austria's first and largest Fachhochschule for business and engineering, the University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, is located here.
Development of the city
The most recent extension of the city is the , Latin for new city, an ambitious project for an industrial, research and commercial center. In 2008, on the area of the Civitas Nova, a cancer research center for ion therapy will be opened under the name of (link in German).
Culture
In 1996 Wiener Neustadt became internationally famous as a designed by a Japanese artist was built around the main square. The is a big music venue (link in German).
People
Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke (WNF)
In WWII, WNF manufactured Bf 109s and repaired Junkers bombers and destroyers. WNF had absorbed Hirtenburg, which itself had taken over Hopfner. WNF aircraft included the Wn11, 15, & 16 and the Wiener Neustadter (Doblohff) WNF 342 Tip-Jet Helicopter. In 1944, the Doblhof WNF-4 was the first ramjet powered helicopter.
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