List of Spanish monarchs

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List of Spanish monarchs

This is a list of Spanish monarchs—that is, rulers of the country of Spain

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
in the modern sense of the word. The forerunners of the Spanish throne, as well as of the Portuguese throne

List of Portuguese monarchs

This is a list of Portuguese monarchs dating from the independence of Portugal from the kingdom of Kingdom of Le?n in 1128 under Afonso Henriques, who proclaimed himself King in 1139, to the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on October 5, 1910, during the reign of Manuel II of Portugal, "the Patriot," or "the Missed Kin...
, were the following:

These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Ferdinand the Catholic was king of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia , Sardinia and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, de jure uxoris King of Crown of Castile and then Regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of his mentally unstable daughter Joanna the Mad....
and Isabella I of Castile

Isabella I of Castile

Isabella I was Kings of Castile. She and her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon, laid the foundation for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor....
. Although their kingdoms continued to be separate, with their personal union

Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
they ruled them together as one dominion. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre

Navarre

Navarre is a region in northern Spain, constituting one of its autonomous communities in Spain - the "Foral Community of Navarre" ....
and annexed it to what was to become Spain.

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This is a list of Spanish monarchs—that is, rulers of the country of Spain

Spain

List of Portuguese monarchs

Kings of the Visigoths
Suebi Kings of Gallaecia
Suebi

The Suebi or Suevi were a group of Germanic peoples who were first mentioned by Julius Caesar in connection with Ariovistus' campaign, c....
Kings of Asturias
List of Asturian monarchs

This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Asturias. While their existence and dates seem plausible, further verifiable details about their reigns are often scarce, especially for the early ones....
Kings of Aragon
Kings of Castile
List of Castilian monarchs

This is a list of counts, kings, and queens of Kingdom of Castile.It is, in part, a continuation of the list of Asturian monarchs and the list of Leonese monarchs....
Kings of Leon
Kings of Navarre

These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Isabella I of Castile

Personal union

Navarre

Navarre is a region in northern Spain, constituting one of its autonomous communities in Spain - the "Foral Community of Navarre" ....
and annexed it to what was to become Spain. Isabella left her kingdom to her daughter Joanna of Castile

Joanna of Castile

Joanna , called Joanna the Mad queen regnant as Kings of Castile of Crown of Castile jointly with her husband Philip I of Castile and later also as List of Aragonese monarchs of Crown of Aragon jointly with her son the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor....
. Ferdinand served as her regent during her insanity

Insanity

Traditionally, insanity or madness is the behavior whereby a person flouts societal norms and may become a danger to themselves and others....
; though rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced by Joanna's husband Philip the Handsome, he resumed his regency after Philip's death. In 1516, after Ferdinand II's death, his daughter Joanna inherited the kingdom of Aragon, but was kept prisoner at Tordesillas as insane. As Joanna's son, the future Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Emperor

Image:HRR 14Jh.jpgThe Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii principle that regarded the Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480....
Charles V, did not want to be merely a regent, he was proclaimed king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother in Brussels. Subsequently, Castilian and Aragonese Cortes alleged oath to him as co-king with his mother. Upon her death, he became sole King of Castile and Aragon, and the thrones were thereafter united permanently.

Kingdom of Spain (1516-1873)

House of Habsburg / House of Austria

Under Joanna and Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.

#	Name	Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
1	Charles I Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556.... with Joanna Joanna of Castile Joanna , called Joanna the Mad queen regnant as Kings of Castile of Crown of Castile jointly with her husband Philip I of Castile and later also as List of Aragonese monarchs of Crown of Aragon jointly with her son the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.... (1516-1555)	March 14, 1516	January 16, 1556	Carlos I	Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Romans, Italy and Spain, Archduke of Austria, (Titular) Duke of Burgundy	son and co-monarch of Joanna Joanna of Castile Joanna , called Joanna the Mad queen regnant as Kings of Castile of Crown of Castile jointly with her husband Philip I of Castile and later also as List of Aragonese monarchs of Crown of Aragon jointly with her son the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.... ; grandson of Isabella I Isabella I of Castile Isabella I was Kings of Castile. She and her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon, laid the foundation for the political unification of Spain under their grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.... and Ferdinand II Ferdinand II of Aragon Ferdinand the Catholic was king of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia , Sardinia and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, de jure uxoris King of Crown of Castile and then Regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of his mentally unstable daughter Joanna the Mad....
2	Philip II Philip II of Spain Philip II was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, List of monarchs of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England, as husband of Mary I of England, from 1554 to 1558, lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories, such as Duke or Count; and King of Portugal as Philip I...	January 16, 1556	September 13, 1598	Felipe II	King of Spain, Portugal, and Naples King consort of England and Ireland; Ruler of the Spanish Netherlands; Duke of Milan	son of Charles I Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
3	Philip III Philip III of Spain Philip III was the monarch of Spain and King of Portugal, where he ruled as Philip II , from 1598 until his death. His Political minister was the Francisco Gom?z de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma....	September 13, 1598	March 31, 1621	Felipe III	King of Spain and Portugal	son of Philip II Philip II Philip II may refer to:* Philip II of Macedon * Philip II of France * Philip V of France and Philip II of Navarre * Philip II of Taranto * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy ...
4	Philip IV Philip IV of Spain Philip IV , was List of Spanish monarchs between 1621 and 1665, Sovereignty of the Spanish Netherlands, and List of Portuguese monarchs until 1640....	March 31, 1621	September 17, 1665	Felipe IV	King of Spain and Portugal (until 1640)	son of Philip III Philip III Philip III may refer to:Philip III of Macedon Philip III of France Philip III of Navarre Philip III of Taranto, Principality of Achaea ...
5	Charles II Charles II of Spain Charles II , was the last Habsburg Spain of Spain and the ruler of nearly all of Italy , the Spanish territories in the Southern Low Countries, and Spanish empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines....	September 17, 1665	November 1, 1700	Carlos II	King of Spain Ruler of the Spanish Netherlands	son of Philip IV Philip IV Philip IV may refer to:* Philip IV of Macedon * Philip IV of France * Philip the Handsome and I of Castile, "the Handsome" * Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal ...

House of Bourbon

In the year 1700 died. Charles' will named the 16-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain

Maria Theresa of Spain

Maria Theresa of Spain was the daughter of Philip IV of Spain and ?lisabeth of France . She was List of Queens and Empresses of France as wife of Louis XIV of France....
, as his successor. Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duc de Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles VI was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary from 1711 to 1740, Archduke of Austria. From 1703 to 1711 he was an active claimant to the List of Spanish monarchs as Charles III....
.

Both claimants, Philip and Charles, had a legal right to the Spanish throne due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Habsburg , Holy Roman emperor, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, was the second son of the emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife Maria Anna of Spain....
, were sons of Charles' aunts, Anne of Austria

Anne of Austria

Maria Anna of Spain

Maria Anna , also known as Maria Anna of Austria, Infanta of Spain, Archduchess of Austria, and after marriage, The Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Hungary, was the youngest daughter of King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria ....
. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother

Maria Theresa of Spain

Maria Theresa of Spain was the daughter of Philip IV of Spain and ?lisabeth of France . She was List of Queens and Empresses of France as wife of Louis XIV of France....
and great-grandmother

Anne of Austria

Anne of Austria was Queen consort of France and Navarre and regent for her son, Louis XIV of France. During her regency Jules Cardinal Mazarin served as France's Religious minister....
were older than Leopold's. However, the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.

After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne but would forever renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants. Thus, the war outbreaked and Archduke Charles

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles VI was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary from 1711 to 1740, Archduke of Austria. From 1703 to 1711 he was an active claimant to the List of Spanish monarchs as Charles III....
was proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III opposite to Philip V.

#	Name	Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
6	Philip V Philip V of Spain Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....	November 16, 1700	January 14, 1724 (abdicated)	Felipe V	King of Spain	Great Grandson of Philip IV Philip IV of Spain Philip IV , was List of Spanish monarchs between 1621 and 1665, Sovereignty of the Spanish Netherlands, and List of Portuguese monarchs until 1640.... , via his eldest daughter, Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain Maria Theresa of Spain was the daughter of Philip IV of Spain and ?lisabeth of France . She was List of Queens and Empresses of France as wife of Louis XIV of France....
7	Louis I	January 14, 1724	August 31, 1724	Luis I	King of Spain	Son of Philip V Philip V of Spain Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....
8	Philip V Philip V of Spain Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....	September 6, 1724	July 9, 1746	Felipe V	King of Spain	Father of Louis I
9	Ferdinand VI Ferdinand VI of Spain Ferdinand VI, , list of Spanish monarchs from 1746 until his death, fourth son of Philip V of Spain, founder of the Spanish House of Bourbon dynasty , by his first marriage with Maria Louisa of Savoy, was born at Madrid on September 23 1713....	July 9, 1746	August 10, 1759	Fernando VI	King of Spain	Son of Philip V Philip V of Spain Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....
10	Charles III Charles III of Spain Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....	August 10, 1759	December 14, 1788	Carlos III	King of Spain, Naples and Sicily Duke of Parma	Son of Philip V Philip V of Spain Philip V of Spain , born Philippe de France, fils de France and Counts and Dukes of Anjou, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the House of Bourbon dynasty in Spain....
11	Charles IV Charles IV of Spain Charles IV was list of Spanish monarchs from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808....	December 14, 1788	March 19, 1808	Carlos IV	King of Spain	Son of Charles III Charles III of Spain Charles III was list of Spanish monarchs 1759?88 , King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily 1735?59 , and Duchy of Parma 1732?35 . He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism....
12	Ferdinand VII Ferdinand VII of Spain Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....	March 19, 1808	May 6, 1808	Fernando VII	King of Spain	Son of Charles IV Charles IV of Spain Charles IV was list of Spanish monarchs from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808....

House of Bonaparte

The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph

Joseph Bonaparte

Joseph-Napol?on Bonaparte, King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies, Comte de Survilliers was the elder brother of French Emperor Napoleon I of France, who made him King of Naples and King of Sicily and later King of Spain....
, imposed by his brother Emperor Napoleon I of France

Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century....
after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State. He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
13	Joseph Joseph Bonaparte Joseph-Napol?on Bonaparte, King of Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily, King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies, Comte de Survilliers was the elder brother of French Emperor Napoleon I of France, who made him King of Naples and King of Sicily and later King of Spain....		June 6, 1808	December 11, 1813 (abdicated)	José I	King of Spain King of Naples and Sicily and the Indies Comte de Survilliers

House of Bourbon (first restoration)

Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
14	Ferdinand VII Ferdinand VII of Spain Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....		December 11, 1813	September 29, 1833	Fernando VII	King of Spain	Son of Charles IV Charles IV of Spain Charles IV was list of Spanish monarchs from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808....
15	Isabella II Isabella II of Spain Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....		September 29, 1833	September 30, 1868 (abdicated)	Isabel II	Queen of Spain	Daughter of Ferdinand VII Ferdinand VII of Spain Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....

House of Savoy

After the Spanish Revolution of 1868

Glorious Revolution (Spain)

The Glorious Revolution took place in Spain in 1868,deposing Isabella II of Spain.An 1866 rebellion led by General Juan Prim and a revolt of the sergeants at San Gil sent a signal to Spanish liberals and republicans that there was serious unrest with the state of affairs in Spain that could be harnessed if it were properly led....
deposed Isabella II, there was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from October 8, 1868 until January 2, 1871, while it was requested a new monarch. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used was King of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of nation.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
16	Amadeo		December 4, 1870	February 11, 1873	Amadeo I	King of Spain

First Spanish Republic
First Spanish Republic

The First Spanish Republic started with the abdication as King of Spain on February 10 1873, of Amadeus I of Spain, following the Hidalgo Affair, when he had been required by the radical government to sign a decree against the artillery officers....
(1873-1874)

See President of Spain
President of Spain

Today, Spain is a constitutional monarchy, and there is thus no person holding the title of President of Spain. However, the Prime Minister of Spain holds the official title of President of the Government....

Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931)

House of Bourbon (second restoration)

Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne. Constitutional king of Spain.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
17	Alfonso XII Alfonso XII of Spain Alfonso XII was king of Spain, reigning from 1875 to 1885, after a coup d'?tat restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic....		December 29, 1874	November 25, 1885	Alfonso XII	King of Spain	Son of Isabella II Isabella II of Spain Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....
18	Alfonso XIII Alfonso XIII of Spain Alfonso XIII , List of Spanish monarchs, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority....		May 17, 1886	April 14, 1931	Alfonso XIII	King of Spain	Son of Alfonso XIII Alfonso XIII of Spain Alfonso XIII , List of Spanish monarchs, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority....

Second Spanish Republic
Second Spanish Republic

The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King of Spain Alfonso XIII of Spain left the country following local and municipal elections in which republican candidates won the majority of votes in urban areas and April 1 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to Nationalist...
(1931-1939)

Francoist Spain
Spain under Franco

Francisco Franco became the undisputed dictator of Spain when he defeated the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. Franco declared an official end of hostilities on April 1 1939, and reworked the name of the republic into the ?Spanish State,? a new moniker attempting to distinguish the new regime from both the monarchy and the republic...
(1936-1975)

On October 1, 1936 General Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco

Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te?dulo Franco y Bahamonde, Salgado y Pardo de Andrade , commonly known as Francisco Franco or Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was the dictator and Head of State of Spain from October 1936, and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in 1975....
was proclaimed Head of State (Caudillo) in parts of Spain controled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after Spanish Civil War

Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'?tat by a group of Spanish Army generals, supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right , Carlist groups and the fascistic Falange, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of pr...
broke out. After the end of war on April 1, 1939 General Franco took control of entire Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.

Kingdom of Spain (1975-Present)

House of Bourbon (third restoration)

Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
19	Juan Carlos I		November 22, 1975	Incumbent Incumbent The incumbent, in politics, is the holder of a political office. This term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent....	Juan Carlos I	King of Spain	Grandson of Alfonso XIII Alfonso XIII of Spain Alfonso XIII , List of Spanish monarchs, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority.... , via his son Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona

List of Spanish monarchs

Kingdom of Spain (1516-1873)

House of Habsburg / House of Austria

House of Bourbon

House of Bonaparte

House of Bourbon (first restoration)

House of Savoy

Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931)

House of Bourbon (second restoration)

Kingdom of Spain (1975-Present)

House of Bourbon (third restoration)

See also

External links