Kas Oosterhuis
Encyclopedia
Kas Oosterhuis is professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...

 at the Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology , also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands...

, as well as director of Hyperbody and the Protospace Laboratory for Collaborative Design and Engineering. His teaching and research is in the areas of interactive architecture
Interactive architecture
Interactive Architecture signifies a field of architecture in which objects and space have the ability to meet changing needs with respect to evolving individual, social, and environmental demands...

, real time behaviour of buildings and environments, living building concepts, collaborative design, file to factory production and parametric design.

Born in 1951 in Amersfoort
Amersfoort
Amersfoort is a municipality and the second largest city of the province of Utrecht in central Netherlands. The city is growing quickly but has a well-preserved and protected medieval centre. Amersfoort is one of the largest railway junctions in the country, because of its location on two of the...

, Kas Oosterhuis studied architecture at the Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology , also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands...

. Afterwards, he taught as unit master at the AA
Architectural Association School of Architecture
The Architectural Association School of Architecture, more usually known as the AA, is an architectural school in London, United Kingdom...

 in London. From there, he worked and lived one year in the former studio of Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl.-Biography:-Early life:...

 in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

, together with visual artist Ilona Lénárd
Ilona Lénárd
Ilona Lénárd was born 1948 in Hungary. She is an independent visual artist and realizes large scale urban art projects in cooperation with architect Kas Oosterhuis. During their stay at Theo van Doesburg's studio in Meudon near Paris, Oosterhuis and Lénárd opted for a fusion of architecture and art...

. In 1989, he founded Kas Oosterhuis Architekten in Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...

 (renamed to Oosterhuis Lénárd, or ONL, in 2004). Since 2000, Oosterhuis has been professor of digital design methods at the Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology , also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands...

.

History

  • 2005 ONL*NUT joint office, Nanjing University of Technology
    Nanjing University of Technology
    Nanjing University of Technology , colloquially known as Gong Da , is a university located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The university specializes in engineering. English language courses are compulsory.- History :...

    , Nanjing
    Nanjing
    ' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

     China
    China
    Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

  • 2003 office name changed to ONL [Oosterhuis_Lénárd] BV
  • from 2000 professor Technical University Delft
  • 1989 founding Kas Oosterhuis Architekten
  • 1988/1989 living/working in studio Theo van Doesburg
    Theo van Doesburg
    Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch artist, practicing in painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl.-Biography:-Early life:...

     in Paris
    Paris
    Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

     [with Ilona Lénárd
    Ilona Lénárd
    Ilona Lénárd was born 1948 in Hungary. She is an independent visual artist and realizes large scale urban art projects in cooperation with architect Kas Oosterhuis. During their stay at Theo van Doesburg's studio in Meudon near Paris, Oosterhuis and Lénárd opted for a fusion of architecture and art...

    ]
  • 1987/1989 Unit Master AA London
  • 1970/1979 TU Delft architecture
  • 1951 born in Amersfoort
    Amersfoort
    Amersfoort is a municipality and the second largest city of the province of Utrecht in central Netherlands. The city is growing quickly but has a well-preserved and protected medieval centre. Amersfoort is one of the largest railway junctions in the country, because of its location on two of the...

     4 July

Awards

  • 2007 Dutch Design Prize [Cockpit in Acoustic Barrier]
  • 2007 National Steel Prize [Cockpit in Acoustic Barrier]
  • 2007 Mies van der Rohe Award nomination [Cockpit in Acoustic Barrier]
  • 2006 Funda Award [Hessing Cockpit in Acoustic Barrier]
  • 2005 Proholz Prize, Austria
    Austria
    Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

     [Schmetterling Wingman]
  • 2002 European Aluminium Award nomination [TT Monument and Web of North*Holland]
  • 1999 Mies van der Rohe Award nomination [Saltwaterpavilion]
  • 1999 National Steelprize nomination [Saltwaterpavilion]
  • 1998 Business Week / Architectural Record Award [Garbagetransferstation Elhorst/ Vloedbelt]
  • 1998 Zeeuwse Architectuurprijs [Saltwaterpavilion]
  • 1996 OCÉBNA Prize for industrial Architecture [Garbagetransferstation Elhorst/ Vloedbelt]
  • 1996 National Steelprize honorable mention [Garbagetransferstation Elhorst/ Vloedbelt]

Projects

  • 2007 CET Budapest, Budapest
    Budapest
    Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...

    , Hungary
    Hungary
    Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...

     http://cet-budapest.hu/
  • 2007 Landmark
    Landmark
    This is a list of landmarks around the world.Landmarks may be split into two categories - natural phenomena and man-made features, like buildings, bridges, statues, public squares and so forth...

    , Kaiserslautern
    Kaiserslautern
    Kaiserslautern is a city in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate at the edge of the Palatinate forest . The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is from Paris, from Frankfurt am Main, and from Luxembourg.Kaiserslautern is home to 99,469 people...

     Germany
    Germany
    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

  • 2007 Capital Centre
    Capital Centre
    The Capital Centre was an indoor arena located in Landover, Maryland, unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland; a suburb of Washington, D.C. Completed in 1973, the arena sat 18,756 for basketball and 18,130 for hockey....

    , Abu Dhabi
    Abu Dhabi
    Abu Dhabi , literally Father of Gazelle, is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western...

     United Arab Emirates
    United Arab Emirates
    The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...

  • 2007 Dubai Sports City
    Dubai Sports City
    The Dubai Sports City is a $4 billion, mixed-use sports city currently being constructed in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The city will consist of apartment buildings as well as several sports facilities. The first structures opened in late 2007...

    , Dubai
    Dubai
    Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...

     United Arab Emirates
    United Arab Emirates
    The United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...

  • 2007 Drents Museum
    Drents Museum
    The Drents Museum is a historical museum located in Assen, Netherlands. It was founded by the King's Commissioner of Drenthe on November 28, 1854 as the Provincial Museum of Drents Antiquities.-Collection:...

    , Assen
    Assen
    Assen is a municipality and a city in the north eastern Netherlands, capital of the province of Drenthe. It received city rights in 1809. Assen's main claim to fame is the TT Circuit Assen the motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Saturday in June the Dutch TT is run...

     the Netherlands
  • 2007 F side, 56 houses Bijlmermeer
    Bijlmermeer
    The Bijlmermeer or colloquially Bijlmer is one of the neighbourhoods that form the Amsterdam Zuidoost borough of Amsterdam, Netherlands. To many people, the Bijlmer designation is used to refer to Amsterdam Zuidoost and Diemen Zuid as a pars pro toto...

     Amsterdam
    Amsterdam
    Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...

  • 2007 BMW
    BMW
    Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...

     Ekris Headlights
  • 2006 iWeb
    IWeb
    iWeb was a template-based website creation tool developed by Apple Inc. The first version of iWeb was announced at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 10, 2006 as part of the iLife '06 suite of digital lifestyle applications...

     TU Delft
  • 2006 Digital Pavilion, Seoul
    Seoul
    Seoul , officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world...

     South Korea
    South Korea
    The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...

  • 2006 Acoustic Barrier
  • 2005 Hessing Cockpit
  • 2005 Masterplan Automotive Complex
  • 2002 Web of North-Holland Floriade
    Floriade, Netherlands
    Floriade is an international exhibition of flowers and gardening, held every 10 years in the Netherlands.-Introduction:All have been World Horticultural Expo and listed as an A1 Horticultural Expo A1 category exhibitions by the International Association of Horticultural Producers and hence...

  • 2002 TT Monument
  • 2000 8*Bit Housing
  • 1998 Family
    Family
    In human context, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children...

     Zoetermeer
    Zoetermeer
    Zoetermeer is a city in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 37.06 km² . A small village until the late 1960s, it had 6,392 inhabitants in 1950...

  • 1998 TGV Housing
  • 1997 Saltwaterpavilion Neeltje Jans Zeeland
    Zeeland
    Zeeland , also called Zealand in English, is the westernmost province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the south-west of the country, consists of a number of islands and a strip bordering Belgium. Its capital is Middelburg. With a population of about 380,000, its area is about...

  • 1997 Music sculpture
  • 1995 Dancing Facades
  • 1995 Elhorst / Vloedbelt Garbagetransferstation
  • 1994 Daken Housing
  • 1994 Dijken Housing
  • 1993 De Kassen Kattenbroek
  • 1991 Drive-in Patio Housing the Hague
    The Hague
    The Hague is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants , it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam...

  • 1991 Villa Hutten
  • 1987 BRN Catering

Writings

  • 2007 iA
    Interactive architecture
    Interactive Architecture signifies a field of architecture in which objects and space have the ability to meet changing needs with respect to evolving individual, social, and environmental demands...

     # 1 Interactive Architecture (bookzine), Episode Publishers Rotterdam
    Rotterdam
    Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...

  • 2006 ONL monography, Images publishers Australia
    Australia
    Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

  • 2006 ONL Hyperbody Logic, AADCU publicatishers, Beijing
    Beijing
    Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

    , China
    China
    Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

  • 2006 GameSetandMatch II, Episode Publisher
  • 2004 BCN Speed and Friction, ESARQ Barcelona
    Barcelona
    Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

  • 2004 Gamesetandmatch, TU Delft
  • 2003 hyperbodies towards an e*motive architecture Birkhäuser Verlag
    Birkhäuser Verlag
    Birkhäuser Verlag is the leading European publisher for architecture, landscaping and design. Since 2010 it is part of the ActarBirkhäuser Group.-Scientific publishing:Founded in 1879 by Emil Birkhäuser the publishers program focused on regional literature...

  • 2002 architecture goes wild 010 publishers
  • 2002 programmable architecture l’ARCAEDIZIONI
  • 2001 Emotive Architecture Inaugural Speech, Faculty of Architecture TU Delft
  • 1999 vectorial bodies archis
    Archis
    Archis may refer to:* Archi people* Archis, Armenia* Archiş, a commune in Arad County, RomaniaArchis means " An anti craft Gun " . Which is used by air force....

    6/99
  • 1998 Kas Oosterhuis architect Ilona Lénárd visual artist 010 publishers
  • 1995 sculpture city book
    Book
    A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of hot lava, paper, parchment, or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf or leaflet, and each side of a leaf is called a page...

    +cd rom 010 publishers
  • 1990 the open volume wiederhall 12

Exhibitions

  • 2006 City Scape 2006, Dubai International Exhibition Centre Dubai
    Dubai
    Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...

  • 2006 Dutch Pavillion, the Big 5, Dubai International Exhibition Centre, Dubai
    Dubai
    Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...

  • 2006 ONL Architects Solo Exhibition at the Suzhou Creek Warehouse, Shanghai
    Shanghai
    Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

  • 2006 The 4th Shanghai International City Garden & Landscape Design Exhibition, Shanghai
    Shanghai
    Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

  • 2006 Sketch
    Sketch (drawing)
    A sketch is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work...

     presented on on exhibition 'A sketch for London', the London Architecture Biennale
  • 2006 DIAF Festival, Beijing
    Beijing
    Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

  • 2006 Exhibition
    Exhibition
    An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within museums, galleries and exhibition halls, and World's Fairs...

     Yearbook
    Yearbook
    A yearbook, also known as an annual, is a book to record, highlight, and commemorate the past year of a school or a book published annually. Virtually all American, Australian and Canadian high schools, most colleges and many elementary and middle schools publish yearbooks...

     Architecture in the Netherlands 2005/2006, Zutphen
  • 2005 ONL*NUT architecture
    Architecture
    Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...

     design
    Design
    Design as a noun informally refers to a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system while “to design” refers to making this plan...

     Nanjing
    Nanjing
    ' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

     China
    China
    Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

  • 2005 'Avenir de Ville', Nancy, France
    France
    The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

  • 2005 mobilion, Rijkswaterstaat
    Rijkswaterstaat
    Rijkswaterstaat, founded in 1798 as the Bureau voor den Waterstaat, is part of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, the former Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management...

    , Utrecht
    Utrecht (city)
    Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands with a population of 312,634 on 1 Jan 2011.Utrecht's ancient city centre features...

  • 2005 tradecom Dubai
    Dubai
    Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...

  • 2004 Archilab
    ArchiLab
    ArchiLab is an annual architectural exposition and conference held in Orléans in France. So far, there have been ArchiLab projects every year from 1999 to 2008.- ArchiLab 2001 :...

  • 2004 algorithmic revolution Karlsruhe
    Karlsruhe
    The City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...

  • 2004 digital fabricators exhibition London
    London
    London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

  • 2004 La Biennale, 9th International Architecture Exhibition
    9th International Architecture Exhibition
    The 9th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2004 Venice Biennale of Architecture was titled METAMORPH. It lasted from September 12 to November 7 and was directed by Kurt W. Forster...

    , Venice
    Venice
    Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...

  • 2003 Non-Standard Architecture Centre Pompidou Paris
    Paris
    Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

  • 2003 abc Haarlem
    Haarlem
    Haarlem is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland, the northern half of Holland, which at one time was the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic...

  • 2003 Leblac Brussels
    Brussels
    Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...

  • 2003 Biennale Valencia
  • 2003 Parasite paradise Utrecht
    Utrecht (city)
    Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands with a population of 312,634 on 1 Jan 2011.Utrecht's ancient city centre features...

  • 2002 Architekturmuseum München
  • 2001 Blobmeister DAM
    Dam (disambiguation)
    Dam can refer to:* Dam, a barrier obstructing flowing water* Reservoir created by such a barrier * An animal's mother** Dam of a horse: see Mare-Personal names:...

    Frankfurt
    Frankfurt
    Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...

  • 2001 Archilab III
  • 2000 Biennale
    Venice Biennale
    The Venice Biennale is a major contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years in Venice, Italy. The Venice Film Festival is part of it. So too is the Venice Biennale of Architecture, which is held in even years...

     Venice
    Venice
    Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...

     (with Ilona Lénárd
    Ilona Lénárd
    Ilona Lénárd was born 1948 in Hungary. She is an independent visual artist and realizes large scale urban art projects in cooperation with architect Kas Oosterhuis. During their stay at Theo van Doesburg's studio in Meudon near Paris, Oosterhuis and Lénárd opted for a fusion of architecture and art...

    )
  • 1999 Archilab I frac centre Orléans
    Orléans
    -Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...

  • 1998 Smart materials AA
    Architectural Association School of Architecture
    The Architectural Association School of Architecture, more usually known as the AA, is an architectural school in London, United Kingdom...

     London
    London
    London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

  • 1998 Transarchitectures03 NAi
    Nai
    Nai may refer to:*Nai , a Barber caste in India* Nai language, a language of Papua New Guinea* Nai , an album by singer Anna Vissi*Nai , a wind instrument, also known as the Moldavian pan flute...

     Rotterdam
    Rotterdam
    Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...

  • 1985 Architecture in LEGO Centre Pompidou Paris
    Paris
    Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...


External links

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