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The Venice Biennale (; also called in English the "Venice Biennial") is a major contemporary art
Contemporary art

Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II....
 exhibition that takes place once every two years (in odd years) in Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
.






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Venezzia Biennial Jn 3
Balazs Kicsiny Pump Room
The Venice Biennale (; also called in English the "Venice Biennial") is a major contemporary art
Contemporary art

Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The definition of the word contemporary would support the first view, but museums of contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II....
 exhibition that takes place once every two years (in odd years) in Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
. The Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido di Venezia, Venice, Italy....
 is part of it, as is the Venice Biennale of Architecture
Venice Biennale of architecture

Mostra di Architettura di Venezia, the Architecture section of the Venice Biennale, was established in 1980, although architecture had been a part of the art biennale since 1975....
, which is held in even years. A dance section, the "International Festival of Contemporary Dance", was established in 1999.

History

The first Biennale
Biennale

Biennale is Italian language for "every other year" and can be used to describe any event that happens every two years. It is commonly used within the art world to describe an international manifestation of contemporary art ....
 was held in 1895; during the first editions, decorative arts played an important role. The event became more and more international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries started installing national pavilions at the exhibition. After World War I, the Biennale showed increasing interest in innovative traditions in modern art. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists
List of modern artists

This is a list of modern artists: important artists who have played a role in the history of modern art, dating from the late 19th century until the 1970s....
 had their work exhibited there.

In 1930, control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist
Fascism

Fascism is a Political radicalism, Authoritarianism Nationalism ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or Race ....
 government. In the 1930s, several new sections of the event were established: the Music Festival in 1930, the International Film Festival in 1932 and the Theatre Festival in 1934. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

After a six-year break during World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the Biennale was resumed in 1948 with renewed attention to avant-garde
Avant-garde

Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English, to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....
 movements in European, and later worldwide, movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism
Abstract expressionism

Abstract expressionism was an American post?World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and also the one that put New York City at the center of the art world, a role formerly filled by Paris....
 was introduced in the 1950s, pop art
Pop art

Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in UK and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist's use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of Fine Art since Pop removes the material from its context and isolates...
 in the 1960s. From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa
Carlo Scarpa

Carlo Scarpa , was an Italy designer with a profound understanding of materials, landscape, and the history of Venetian culture.Scarpa was born in Venice in 1906....
 did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennales exhibition spaces.

The protests of 1968 marked a crisis for the Biennale; the Grand Prizes were abandoned and more emphasis went to thematic exhibitions instead of monographic ones. The 1974 edition was entirely dedicated to Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
, as a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. New prizes - Golden Lion
Golden Lion

The Leone d?Oro is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Biennale Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes....
s, like the awards for the Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival

The Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the Lido di Venezia, Venice, Italy....
 - were installed; postmodern
Postmodernism

Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement'. While "modern" itself refers to something "related to the present", the movement of modernism and the following reaction of postmodernism are defined by a set of perspectives....
 art entered the scene with increasingly varied and popular exhibitions.

In 1980 Achille Bonito Oliva
Achille Bonito Oliva

Achille Bonito Oliva, is a highly recognized and respected Italians contemporary art critic, author of essays on mannerism, and a teacher of History of Contemporary Art at University of Rome La Sapienza in Rome....
 and Harald Szeemann
Harald Szeemann

Harald Szeemann was a Switzerland curator and art history....
 introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale. The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva while Jean Clair
Jean Clair

Jean Clair is an essayist and art historian, and a member of the French Academy.He was director of the Venice Biennale in 1995.He wrote a comprehensive catalog of the works of Balthus....
 and Germano Celant
Germano Celant

Germano Celant is an Italy writer and curator who coined the term "Arte Povera" in 1967 and wrote many articles and books on the subject. He was born in Genoa....
 served as directors in 1995 and 1997 respectively.

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artist than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

The 50th edition, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist
Hans Ulrich Obrist

Hans Ulrich Obrist is a Swiss curator and art critic. In 1993, he founded the Museum Robert Walser and began to run the Migrateurs program at the Mus?e d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris where he served as a curator for contemporary art....
, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez
Rosa Martinez

Rosa Martinez is the Spanish curator of the Vienna, Santa Fe, Moscow, Istanbul Biennales. In 1996 she co-curated Manifesta 1, the European Biennial of Contemporary art....
. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez
Rosa Martinez

Rosa Martinez is the Spanish curator of the Vienna, Santa Fe, Moscow, Istanbul Biennales. In 1996 she co-curated Manifesta 1, the European Biennial of Contemporary art....
 took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

At the 51st Biennale, American artist Barbara Kruger
Barbara Kruger

Barbara Kruger is an United States conceptual artist. She was born in Newark, New Jersey and left there in 1964 to attend Syracuse University. After a year at Syracuse, she moved to New York, where she began attending Parsons School of Design....
 was awarded with the "Golden Lion" award for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Robert Storr
Robert Storr

Robert Storr is an American curator, academic, critic, and Painting. He was named Dean of the Yale School of Art for a five-year period beginning July 2006 and was the director of the Venice Biennale in 2007....
 became the first director from the United States to curate the 52nd edition of the Biennale entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense. This year, Mexico made its official debut at the Biennale with an exhibition by artist Rafael Lozano-Hemmer
Rafael Lozano-Hemmer

Rafael Lozano-Hemmer is a Canadian-based Mexican electronic artist who works with ideas from architecture, technological theater and performance....
 at the Van Axel palace.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum has been appointed artistic director for the 2009 edition.

Format

The formal Biennale is based at a park the Giardini that houses 30 permanent national pavilions. The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion. The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council
British Council

The British Council is a Quango based in the United Kingdom which specialises in international educational and cultural opportunities. It is a non-departmental public body, a public corporation incorporated by royal charter, and is registered as a charity in England....
 while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

The Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists.

The British Pavilion at the Venice Biennale


List of exhibitors in the British Pavilion:

  • 1948 - Sculptures by Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
    . Paintings by J. M. W. Turner
    J. M. W. Turner

    Joseph Mallord William Turner Royal Academy was an English Romanticism Landscape art, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism....
    . Works by Ben Nicholson
    Ben Nicholson

    Benjamin Lauder Nicholson Order of Merit, , known as Ben Nicholson, was an England abstract art....
     and John Tunnard
    John Tunnard

    John Samuel Tunnard was an England surrealism and modernism designer and Painting. He was the cousin of landscape architect Christopher Tunnard....
    .
  • 1950 - Paintings by Matthew Smith
    Matthew Smith (artist)

    Sir Matthew Arnold Bracy Smith was an England Painting.Smith was born at 30 Elmfield Terrace, Halifax, West Yorkshire, Yorkshire, on 22 October 1879, the second of the four sons of Frederic Smith , wire manufacturer, and his wife, Frances Holroyd ....
     and John Constable
    John Constable

    John Constable was an England Romanticism painting. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for his landscape art of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home?now known as "Constable Country"?which he invested with an intensity of affection....
    . Sculptures by Barbara Hepworth
    Barbara Hepworth

    Dame Barbara Hepworth Order of the British Empire was a major United Kingdom Sculpture and artist of the twentieth century. She was a contemporary and friend of Henry Moore....
    .
  • 1952 - Paintings by Graham Sutherland
    Graham Sutherland

    Graham Sutherland Order of Merit was an England artist....
     and Edward Wadsworth
    Edward Wadsworth

    Edward Alexander Wadsworth was an England artist, most famous for his close association with Vorticism....
    . Sculptures by the New Aspects of British Sculpture group (Robert Adams, Kenneth Armitage
    Kenneth Armitage

    William Kenneth Armitage was a British sculptor known for his semiabstract bronzes....
    , Reg Butler
    Reg Butler

    Reginald Cotterell Butler was an England sculptor. He studied and lectured at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London from 1937 to 1939....
    , Lynn Chadwick, Geoffrey Clarke, Bernard Meadows
    Bernard Meadows

    Bernard Meadows was a British modernist sculptor....
    , Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
    , Eduardo Paolozzi
    Eduardo Paolozzi

    Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, Order of the British Empire, Royal Academy , was a Scotland sculpture and artist. He was a major figure in the international art world working without compromise on his own interpretation and vision of the world around us....
    , and William Turnbull).
  • 1954 - Paintings by Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud
    Lucian Freud

    Lucian Michael Freud, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour is a British Painting of Germany origin....
    , and Ben Nicholson
    Ben Nicholson

    Benjamin Lauder Nicholson Order of Merit, , known as Ben Nicholson, was an England abstract art....
    . Sculptures by Reg Butler
    Reg Butler

    Reginald Cotterell Butler was an England sculptor. He studied and lectured at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London from 1937 to 1939....
     relating to his Unknown Political Prisoner monument. Lithographs by Allin Braund
    Allin Braund

    Allin Braund was a British artist who was born in Devon and educated at Hornsey College of Art. He taught at Bideford Grammar School before World War II and returned to Hornsey thereafter to teach design and printmaking until his retirement in 1976....
    , Geoffrey Clarke, Henry Cliffe, Robert Colquhoun
    Robert Colquhoun

    Robert Colquhoun was a Scotland Painting, printmaker and theatre Scenic design.Colquhoun was born in Kilmarnock and was educated at Kilmarnock Academy....
    , William Gear
    William Gear

    William Gear was a Painting, born on 2 August 1915 in Methil in the south-east of Fife, Scotland. Born into a mining family, he studied at Edinburgh College of Art before travelling to Paris to study with Fernand L?ger....
    , Henry Moore
    Henry Moore

    Henry Spencer Moore Order of Merit Companion of Honour Federation of British Artists was an English artist and Sculpture. He is best known for his abstract art monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as Public art....
    , Eduardo Paolozzi
    Eduardo Paolozzi

    Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, Order of the British Empire, Royal Academy , was a Scotland sculpture and artist. He was a major figure in the international art world working without compromise on his own interpretation and vision of the world around us....
    , Ceri Richards
    Ceri Richards

    Ceri Geraldus Richards , was a Wales painter.Richards was born the mining village of Dunvant, near Swansea. After studying drawing in his home town, he attended a summer school at Gregynog, where he became interested in modern art and drawn to the work of Claude Monet....
    , William Scott
    William Scott

    William Scott may refer to:* William Scott , English lawyer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench* William Scott of Scott's Hall , English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports...
    , and Graham Sutherland
    Graham Sutherland

    Graham Sutherland Order of Merit was an England artist....
    .
  • 1956 - Paintings by Ivon Hitchens
    Ivon Hitchens

    Ivon Hitchens was an English painting who started exhibiting during the 1920s. He became part of the 'London Group' of artists and exhibited with them during the 1930s....
    , John Bratby
    John Bratby

    John Randall Bratby was an England painter who founded the "kitchen sink" style of art that was influential in the late 1950s.Born in Wimbledon, London, Bratby studied at Kingston College from 1948 to 1950, then at the Royal College of Art from 1951 to 1954....
    , Derrick Greaves, Edward Middleditch, and Jack Smith
    Jack Smith (artist)

    Jack Smith is a United Kingdom abstract art artist....
    . Sculptures by Lynn Chadwick.
  • 1958 - Paintings by William Scott and S. W. Hayter. Sculptures by Kenneth Armitage
    Kenneth Armitage

    William Kenneth Armitage was a British sculptor known for his semiabstract bronzes....
    , Sezione Giovani, Sandra Blow
    Sandra Blow

    Sandra Blow was an English painter....
    , Anthony Caro
    Anthony Caro

    Sir Anthony Caro, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire, is an England, abstract art sculpture whose work is characterised by assemblies of metal using 'found' industrial objects....
    , and Alan Davie
    Alan Davie

    James Alan Davie is a Scotland painter and musician.He was born in Grangemouth, near Edinburgh, and studied at Edinburgh College of Art in the late 1930s....
    .
  • 1960 - Mixed media works by Victor Pasmore
    Victor Pasmore

    Edwin John Victor Pasmore was a United Kingdom artist and architect. He pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s....
    . Paintings by Merlyn Evans, Geoffrey Clarke, Henry Cliffe.
  • 1962 - Paintings by Ceri Richards
    Ceri Richards

    Ceri Geraldus Richards , was a Wales painter.Richards was born the mining village of Dunvant, near Swansea. After studying drawing in his home town, he attended a summer school at Gregynog, where he became interested in modern art and drawn to the work of Claude Monet....
    . Sculptures by Robert Adams and Hubert Dalwood.
  • 1964 - Mixed media works by Joe Tilson. Paintings by Roger Hilton
    Roger Hilton

    Roger Hilton was a pioneer of abstract art in post-war Britain. He was born in 1911 in Northwood, London, London and studied at the Slade School of Fine Art, London and also in Paris, where he developed links with painters on the Continent....
    , Gwyther Irwin
    Gwyther Irwin

    Gwyther Irwin was a United Kingdom abstract artist born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, who had lived much of his life in north Cornwall. He was educated in Dorset, at Goldsmith's College and at the Central School of Art in London 1951-1954....
    . Sculptures by Bernard Meadows
    Bernard Meadows

    Bernard Meadows was a British modernist sculptor....
    .
  • 1966 - Paintings by Bernard Cohen
    Bernard Cohen

    Bernard Leonard Cohen is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Pittsburgh. He has been a staunch opponent to the so called Linear no-threshold model which postulates that there is no safe threshold for radiation exposure....
    , Harold Cohen, and Robyn Denny
    Robyn Denny

    Robyn Denny, born in Surrey in 1930, is one of a legendary group who transformed British art in the late 1950s, leading it into the international mainstream....
    . Sculptures by Anthony Caro
    Anthony Caro

    Sir Anthony Caro, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire, is an England, abstract art sculpture whose work is characterised by assemblies of metal using 'found' industrial objects....
     and Richard Smith.
  • 1968 - Paintings by Bridget Riley
    Bridget Riley

    Bridget Louise Riley Order of the Companions of Honour Order of the British Empire is an England Painting who is one of the foremost proponents of op art....
     and Francis Bacon. Sculptures by Philip King. 'Ways of Contemporary Research' exhibition with works by Anthony Caro
    Anthony Caro

    Sir Anthony Caro, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire, is an England, abstract art sculpture whose work is characterised by assemblies of metal using 'found' industrial objects....
    , David Hockney
    David Hockney

    David Hockney, Order of the Companions of Honour, Royal Academician, is an English painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, based in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, although he also maintains a base in London....
    , Ben Nicholson
    Ben Nicholson

    Benjamin Lauder Nicholson Order of Merit, , known as Ben Nicholson, was an England abstract art....
    , Eduardo Paolozzi
    Eduardo Paolozzi

    Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, Order of the British Empire, Royal Academy , was a Scotland sculpture and artist. He was a major figure in the international art world working without compromise on his own interpretation and vision of the world around us....
    , Victor Pasmore
    Victor Pasmore

    Edwin John Victor Pasmore was a United Kingdom artist and architect. He pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s....
    , Graham Sutherland
    Graham Sutherland

    Graham Sutherland Order of Merit was an England artist....
    .
  • 1970 - Sculptures by Richard Smith.
  • 1972 - Paintings by John Walker
    John Walker (painter)

    John Walker is an England Painting and Old master printmaker.Walker studied in Birmingham. Some of his early work was inspired by abstract expressionism and post-painterly abstraction, and often combined apparently three-dimensional shapes with "flatter" elements....
    . Sculptures by William Tucker
    William Tucker

    William Tucker is the name of several people, among them:* William Tucker , a freeman who was the first African American born in the American Colonies...
    . 'Grafica sperimentale per la stampa' exhibition with works by Pentagram (Alan Fletcher
    Alan Fletcher (graphic designer)

    Alan Gerard Fletcher was a United Kingdom graphic designer. In his obituary, he was described by The Daily Telegraph as "the most highly regarded graphic designer of his generation, and probably one of the most prolific"....
    , Colin Forbes, Mervyn Kurlansky), Michael English, John Gorham
    John Gorham

    John Gorham was an award-winning United Kingdom graphic designer, who gained renown within the industry through a variety of successful projects including film posters, postage stamps and book covers....
    , F. H. K. Henrion, Lou Klein, Enzo Ragazzini. 'Il Libro come luogo di ricerca' exhibition with works by Gilbert and George
    Gilbert and George

    Gilbert and George are two modern artists who work together as a duo. Gilbert Proesch and George Passmore are to be seen and heard in much of their art, and have become famous for their odd, highly formal appearance and manner....
     and Victor Burgin
    Victor Burgin

    Victor Burgin is an artist and a writer.Burgin was born in Sheffield in England. He studied art at the Royal College of Art, in London, from 1962 to 1965 before going to the United States to study at Yale University ....
    .
  • 1976 - Works by Richard Long
    Richard Long

    Richard Long is a name shared by the following individuals:...
    , Richard Hamilton
    Richard Hamilton (artist)

    Richard Hamilton is an England Painting and collage artist. His 1956 collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of the Independent Group in London, is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art....
    , Victor Pasmore
    Victor Pasmore

    Edwin John Victor Pasmore was a United Kingdom artist and architect. He pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s....
    , David Mackay
    David Mackay (architect)

    David Mackay is a British architect and partner in MBM . He was active in Catalonia, where he worked on the design for the renovation of the port area of Barcelona and the construction of the Olympic Village there in 1992 Summer Olympics....
    , Alison and Peter Smithson
    Alison and Peter Smithson

    England architects Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson together formed an architectural partnership, and are often associated with the New Brutalism ....
    , James Stirling, John Davies, Phillip Hyde, Anne Rawcliffe-King, Yolanda Teuten.
  • 1978 - Photography by Mark Boyle. 'Six Stations for Art-Nature. The Nature of Art' exhibition with works by Gilbert and George
    Gilbert and George

    Gilbert and George are two modern artists who work together as a duo. Gilbert Proesch and George Passmore are to be seen and heard in much of their art, and have become famous for their odd, highly formal appearance and manner....
    , Francis Bacon, David Hockney
    David Hockney

    David Hockney, Order of the Companions of Honour, Royal Academician, is an English painter, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, based in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, although he also maintains a base in London....
    , Richard Long
    Richard Long

    Richard Long is a name shared by the following individuals:...
    , and Malcolm Morley
    Malcolm Morley

    Malcolm Morley is an England artist now living in the United States.Morley was born in north London. He had a troubled childhood, and did not discover art until serving a three-year stint in Wormwood Scrubs prison....
    . 'Art and Cinema' by Anthony McCall
    Anthony McCall

    Anthony McCall is a British-born United States Avant-Garde artist, specializing in cinema/projected film.He is the subject of the book Anthony McCall: The Solid Light Films and Related Works, edited by Christopher Eamon with contributions by Branden W....
    .
  • 1980 - Works by Tim Head
    Tim Head

    Tim Head is a United Kingdom artist.Born in London, He studied at the Newcastle University from 1965 to 1969, where his teachers included Richard Hamilton and Ian Stephenson....
     and Nicholas Pope. 'Art in the Seventies' exhibition with works by Bruce McLean
    Bruce McLean

    Bruce McLean is a Scottish performance artist and painter.McLean was born in Glasgow and studied at Glasgow School of Art from 1961 to 1963, and at St Martin's School of Art, London,from 1963 to 1966....
    , Kenneth Martin
    Kenneth Martin

    Kenneth Martin was an England painter and sculptor who along with his wife Mary Martin and Victor Pasmore was a leading figure in the revival of Constructivism in Britain and America in the 1940s....
    , Television Exhibitions, Barry Flanagan
    Barry Flanagan

    Barry Flanagan is a contemporary artist best known for his large bronze statues of hares....
    , Gilbert and George
    Gilbert and George

    Gilbert and George are two modern artists who work together as a duo. Gilbert Proesch and George Passmore are to be seen and heard in much of their art, and have become famous for their odd, highly formal appearance and manner....
    , Hamish Fulton, and Richard Long
    Richard Long

    Richard Long is a name shared by the following individuals:...
    . 'Art in the Seventies. Open 80' exhibition with works by Roger Ackling, Tony Cragg
    Tony Cragg

    Tony Cragg is a United Kingdom-born sculpture.Cragg was born in Liverpool; following a period of work as a laboratory technician he first studied art on the foundation course at the Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, Cheltenham and then at the Wimbledon School of Art 1969-1973....
    , and Leonard McComb.
  • 1982 - Works by Barry Flanagan
    Barry Flanagan

    Barry Flanagan is a contemporary artist best known for his large bronze statues of hares....
    . 'Aperto 82' exhibition with works by Catherine Blacker, Stephen Cox, Antony Gormley
    Antony Gormley

    Antony Gormley Officer of the Order of the British Empire Royal Academician is an England sculpture. His best known works include the Angel of the North, a public art in Gateshead commissioned in 1995 and erected in February 1998, and Another Place on Crosby Beach near Liverpool....
    , Tim Head
    Tim Head

    Tim Head is a United Kingdom artist.Born in London, He studied at the Newcastle University from 1965 to 1969, where his teachers included Richard Hamilton and Ian Stephenson....
    , Shirazeh Houshiary
    Shirazeh Houshiary

    Shirazeh Houshiary is an Iran Installation art and Sculpture. She is a former Turner Prize nominee, and works in England....
    , Anish Kapoor
    Anish Kapoor

    Anish Kapoor is one of the most influential sculptors of his generation. Born in Bombay , India, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to London to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea, London School of Art Design....
    , Christopher Le Brun, Judy Pfaff
    Judy Pfaff

    Judy Pfaff, born 1946 in London, England, is an United States artist, known mainly for Installation art . Pfaff has received numerous awards for her work, including a John D....
    , Stephen Willats
    Stephen Willats

    Stephen Willats is a United Kingdom artist. He lives and works in London.Stephen Willats is a pioneer of conceptual art. Since the early 1960s he has created work concerned with extending the territory in which art functions....
    , and Bill Woodrow
    Bill Woodrow

    Bill Woodrow is a United Kingdom sculpture.Woodrow was one of a number of British sculptors to emerge in the late 1970s, the others including Richard Deacon and Tony Cragg....
    . 'Arte come arte: persistenza dell’opera - Mostra internazionale' exhibition with works by Frank Auerbach
    Frank Auerbach

    Frank Helmut Auerbach is a Germany-born United Kingdom Painting. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially Camden Town....
    , Lucian Freud
    Lucian Freud

    Lucian Michael Freud, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour is a British Painting of Germany origin....
    , Ronald Kitaj, and Raymond Mason.
  • 1984 - Works by Howard Hodgkin
    Howard Hodgkin

    Sir Gordon Howard Eliot Hodgkin Companion of Honour, Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom Painting and printmaker. His work is most often associated with Abstract art....
    . 'Arte allo Specchio' exhibition with works by Peter Greenaway
    Peter Greenaway

    Peter Greenaway, Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom film director born in Wales. He is currently professor of cinema studies at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland....
     and Christopher Le Brun. 'Arte, Ambiente, Scena' exhibition with works by Judy Pfaff
    Judy Pfaff

    Judy Pfaff, born 1946 in London, England, is an United States artist, known mainly for Installation art . Pfaff has received numerous awards for her work, including a John D....
    . 'Aperto 84' exhibition with works by Terry Atkinson
    Terry Atkinson

    Terry Atkinson is an England artist.Atkinson was born in Thurnscoe, near Barnsley, Yorkshire. In 1967 he began to teach art at the Coventry School of Art while producing conceptual art works, sometimes in collaboration with Michael Baldwin....
    , Helen Chadwick
    Helen Chadwick

    Helen Chadwick was a United Kingdom conceptual artist....
    , Rose Garrard, Glenys Johnson, Paul Richards, Amikam Toren, and Kerry Treng.
  • 1986 - Works by Frank Auerbach
    Frank Auerbach

    Frank Helmut Auerbach is a Germany-born United Kingdom Painting. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially Camden Town....
    . 'Aperto 86' exhibition with works by Lisa Milroy
    Lisa Milroy

    Lisa Milroy is a Canadian Painting whom now lives and works in the UK. She is known for painting everyday items in the form of studies or grids, she does this in an intimate, isolated and sometimes photographic way....
    , John Murphy, Avis Newman, Jacqueline Poncelet, Boyd Webb, and Richard Wilson
    Richard Wilson (sculptor)

    Richard Wilson is a sculptor, installation artist and musician.Born in Islington, in London, he studied at the London College of Printing, Hornsey College of Art and Reading University....
    . 'Art e Scienza' exhibition with works by Eric Bainbridge, Alastair Brotchie, Anthony Caro
    Anthony Caro

    Sir Anthony Caro, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire, is an England, abstract art sculpture whose work is characterised by assemblies of metal using 'found' industrial objects....
    , Leonora Carrington
    Leonora Carrington

    Leonora Carrington is a British-born artist, a Surrealism and a novelist who now lives in Mexico....
    , Ithell Colquhoun
    Ithell Colquhoun

    Ithell Colquhoun was a United Kingdom Surrealist painter and author. She was born in Shillong, Assam, India. From the 1930s to her death, her work was exhibited widely in Britain and Germany....
    , Stephen Cox, Tony Cragg
    Tony Cragg

    Tony Cragg is a United Kingdom-born sculpture.Cragg was born in Liverpool; following a period of work as a laboratory technician he first studied art on the foundation course at the Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, Cheltenham and then at the Wimbledon School of Art 1969-1973....
    , Neil Cummings, Brian Eno
    Brian Eno

    Brian Peter George St. John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno , commonly known as Brian Eno , is an England musician, composer, record producer, music theory and singer, who, as a solo artist, is best known as the People known as the father or mother of something of ambient music....
    , Barry Flanagan
    Barry Flanagan

    Barry Flanagan is a contemporary artist best known for his large bronze statues of hares....
    , Jeremy Gardiner
    Jeremy Gardiner

    Jeremy Gardiner is a modern United Kingdom artist. He was born in Purbeck and was educated at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.His paintings are famous for being very abstract and unusual....
    , Eric Gidney, Jocelyn Godwin, Anthony Gormley, Paul Hayward, Allen Jones
    Allen Jones (sculptor)

    Allen Jones RA is a Great Britain pop artist, best known for his sculptures, but also a graphic artist.Allen Jones is one of the most famous artists in the world from his weird but beautiful sculptures...
    , Liliane Lijn, Peter Lowe
    Peter Lowe

    Peter Lowe is a British people Constructivism . He was born in London, England at Victoria Park, Hackney. He studied at Goldsmiths' College 1954-60 where he was taught by Mary Martin and Kenneth Martin....
    , Kyeran Lyons, Conroy Maddox
    Conroy Maddox

    Conroy Maddox , was an England surrealist Painting, collagist, writer and lecturer.He was born in Ledbury, Herefordshire, and discovered surrealism in 1935, spending the rest of his life exploring its potential through his paintings, collages, photographs, objects and texts....
    , Thomas Major, Kenneth Martin
    Kenneth Martin

    Kenneth Martin was an England painter and sculptor who along with his wife Mary Martin and Victor Pasmore was a leading figure in the revival of Constructivism in Britain and America in the 1940s....
    , Mary Martin
    Mary Martin (Artist)

    Mary Adela Martin was a British sculptor best known for her work with her husband Kenneth Martin.Mary Balmford studied at Goldsmiths' College, University of London, London in 1925?9 and at the Royal College of Art 1929?32 where she met and married Kenneth Martin in 1930....
    , Alastair Morton, Hugh O'Donnell, Andrew Owens, Digital Pictures, Mike Punt, Bridget Riley
    Bridget Riley

    Bridget Louise Riley Order of the Companions of Honour Order of the British Empire is an England Painting who is one of the foremost proponents of op art....
    , Kurt Schwitters
    Kurt Schwitters

    Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters was a German painters who was born in Hanover, Germany. Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism , Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and what came to be known as installation art....
    , Peter Sedgley, Jeffrey Steele, Paul Thomas, Philip West, and Alison Wilding
    Alison Wilding

    Alison Wilding is an England sculpture.Born in Blackburn in Lancashire, Wilding studied at the Nottingham College of Art, the Ravensbourne College of Art and Design in Chislehurst and, from 1970 to 1973, the Royal College of Art in London....
    .
  • 1988 - Sculptures by Tony Cragg
    Tony Cragg

    Tony Cragg is a United Kingdom-born sculpture.Cragg was born in Liverpool; following a period of work as a laboratory technician he first studied art on the foundation course at the Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, Cheltenham and then at the Wimbledon School of Art 1969-1973....
    . 'Aperto 88' exhibition with works by Tony Bevan, Hannah Collins, Grenville Davey
    Grenville Davey

    Grenville Davey is an England sculpture.He is a professor of the University of East London .Born in Cornwall, Davey first studied art in Exeter, England before going to Goldsmiths College in London in 1985 where he took a diploma in fine art....
    , Andy Goldsworthy
    Andy Goldsworthy

    Andy Goldsworthy is a United Kingdom Sculpture, photographer and Environmentalism living in Scotland who produces Site-specific art sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings....
    , Simon Linke, Peter Nadin, and Thoms William Puckey. 'Scultori ai Giardini' exhibition with works by Lynn Chadwick, Anthony Core, Philip King, and Joe Tilson.
  • 1990 - Works by Anish Kapoor
    Anish Kapoor

    Anish Kapoor is one of the most influential sculptors of his generation. Born in Bombay , India, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to London to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea, London School of Art Design....
    . 'Three Scottish Sculptors' exhibition with works by David Mach
    David Mach

    David Mach is a Scotland sculpture and installation artist.Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced found art objects....
    , Arthur Watson, and Kate Whiteford. 'Aperto 90' with works by Eric Bainbridge, David Leapman, Patrick Joseph McBride, Therese Oulton
    Thérèse Oulton

    Th?r?se Oulton is an England Painting.Born in Shropshire, Oulton studied in the late 1970s at St Martin's School of Art before going on to the Royal College of Art....
    , Fiona Rae
    Fiona Rae

    Fiona Rae who was in born 1963 is a United Kingdom artist and one of the Young British Artists . She is a painter.She was born in Hong Kong and moved to England in 1970....
    , and Anthony Wilson
    Anthony Wilson

    Anthony Wilson is a jazz guitarist and composer. He is the son of bandleader Gerald Wilson....
    . 'Fluxus' exhibition with works by Braco Dimitrijevic
    Braco Dimitrijevic

    Braco Dimitrijevic is a Bosnia and Herzegovina artist, born in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 18 1948 in former Yugoslavia. He graduated from the Zagreb Academy in 1971, continuing at St Martin's School of Art in London....
    , Brion Gysin
    Brion Gysin

    Brion Gysin was a Painting, writer, sound poet, and performance artist born in Taplow, Buckinghamshire.He is best known for his discovery of the cut-up technique used by William S....
    , Dick Higgins
    Dick Higgins

    Dick Higgins was a composer, poet, printer, and early Fluxus artist. Like many of the other Fluxus artists, he studied composition with John Cage....
    , and Robin Page
    Robin Page

    Robin Page is a painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement....
    .
  • 1993 - Works by Richard Hamilton
    Richard Hamilton (artist)

    Richard Hamilton is an England Painting and collage artist. His 1956 collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of the Independent Group in London, is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art....
    . 'Aperto 93' exhibtion with works by Henry Bond
    Henry Bond

    Henry Bond is a photographer and writer. He was born in Newham, East London, England....
    , Christine Borland
    Christine Borland

    Christine Borland is a United Kingdom artist and one of the Young British Artists . Borland attended the University of Ulster, and the Glasgow School of Art....
    , Angela Bulloch
    Angela Bulloch

    Angela Bulloch is a London and Berlin based sculpture, installation artist and sound artist who is recognised as one of the Young British Artists....
    , Mat Collishaw
    Mat Collishaw

    Mat Collishaw is an artist based in London.Collishaw attended Goldsmiths, University of London , alongside the likes of Damien Hirst and other prominent YBAs....
    , Damien Hirst
    Damien Hirst

    Damien Steven Hirst is an England artist and the most prominent member of the group known as "Young British Artists" . Hirst dominated the art scene in Britain during the 1990s and is internationally renowned....
    , Simon Patterson, Vong Phaophanit
    Vong Phaophanit

    Vong Phaophanit is an artist based in London. Born in Laos in 1961, he moved to the United Kingdom from Aix-en-Provence, France to Brighton in the early 80?s, where he was a member of Red herring studios....
    , Steven Pippin
    Steven Pippin

    Steven Pippin is an England artist. Pippin works with converted photographic equipment and kinetic sculptures.His work shows a strong interest in the mechanical, which he has said stems from an early childhood memory of seeing his father surrounded by the wires and tubes of a television set he was repairing....
    , Julie Roberts, and Georgina Starr
    Georgina Starr

    Georgina Starr is an England artist and one of the Young British Artists.Georgina Starr was born in Leeds and now lives and works in London. She attended the Slade School of Art and the Rijksakademie Van Beelende Kunst, Amsterdam ....
    . 'Punti dell'arte' exhibition with works by Anish Kapoor. 'Slittamenti' exhibtion with works by Peter Greenaway
    Peter Greenaway

    Peter Greenaway, Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom film director born in Wales. He is currently professor of cinema studies at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland....
     and Derek Jarman
    Derek Jarman

    Derek Jarman was an England film director, stage designer, artist, and writer....
    . 'Macchine della pace' exhibition with works by Tony Cragg
    Tony Cragg

    Tony Cragg is a United Kingdom-born sculpture.Cragg was born in Liverpool; following a period of work as a laboratory technician he first studied art on the foundation course at the Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, Cheltenham and then at the Wimbledon School of Art 1969-1973....
    , Shirazeh Houshiary
    Shirazeh Houshiary

    Shirazeh Houshiary is an Iran Installation art and Sculpture. She is a former Turner Prize nominee, and works in England....
    , and Julian Opie
    Julian Opie

    Julian Opie is a leading contemporary England artist, who uses computerised imagery. He is a former trustee of the Tate Gallery....
    . 'La coesistenza dell'arte' exhibition with works by Braco Dimitrijevic
    Braco Dimitrijevic

    Braco Dimitrijevic is a Bosnia and Herzegovina artist, born in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 18 1948 in former Yugoslavia. He graduated from the Zagreb Academy in 1971, continuing at St Martin's School of Art in London....
    . 'Art against Aids. Venezia 93' exhibition with works by Gilbert and George
    Gilbert and George

    Gilbert and George are two modern artists who work together as a duo. Gilbert Proesch and George Passmore are to be seen and heard in much of their art, and have become famous for their odd, highly formal appearance and manner....
    , Frank Auerbach
    Frank Auerbach

    Frank Helmut Auerbach is a Germany-born United Kingdom Painting. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially Camden Town....
    , Tony Cragg
    Tony Cragg

    Tony Cragg is a United Kingdom-born sculpture.Cragg was born in Liverpool; following a period of work as a laboratory technician he first studied art on the foundation course at the Gloucestershire College of Art and Design, Cheltenham and then at the Wimbledon School of Art 1969-1973....
    , Richard Deacon
    Richard Deacon

    Richard Deacon Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom abstract sculpture, and a winner of the Turner Prize....
    , Shirazeh Houshiary
    Shirazeh Houshiary

    Shirazeh Houshiary is an Iran Installation art and Sculpture. She is a former Turner Prize nominee, and works in England....
    , Anish Kapoor
    Anish Kapoor

    Anish Kapoor is one of the most influential sculptors of his generation. Born in Bombay , India, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to London to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea, London School of Art Design....
    , Ronald Kitaj, Malcolm Morley
    Malcolm Morley

    Malcolm Morley is an England artist now living in the United States.Morley was born in north London. He had a troubled childhood, and did not discover art until serving a three-year stint in Wormwood Scrubs prison....
    , Ray Smith, and Rachel Whiteread
    Rachel Whiteread

    Rachel Whiteread, Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom artist, best known for her sculptures, which typically take the form of castings, and first woman to win the Turner Prize....
    . 'Tresors de Voyage' exhibition with works by Braco Dimitrijevic
    Braco Dimitrijevic

    Braco Dimitrijevic is a Bosnia and Herzegovina artist, born in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 18 1948 in former Yugoslavia. He graduated from the Zagreb Academy in 1971, continuing at St Martin's School of Art in London....
    , Shirazeh Houshiary
    Shirazeh Houshiary

    Shirazeh Houshiary is an Iran Installation art and Sculpture. She is a former Turner Prize nominee, and works in England....
    , and Anish Kapoor
    Anish Kapoor

    Anish Kapoor is one of the most influential sculptors of his generation. Born in Bombay , India, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to London to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea, London School of Art Design....
    .
  • 1995 - Works by Leon Kossoff
    Leon Kossoff

    Leon Kossoff is a British expressionist painter, who mainly paints portraits, life drawings, and cityscapes of LondonLeon Kossoff was born in 1926 in Islington London, and spent most of his early life living there with his Russian Jewish parents....
    . 'General Release: Young British Artists' exhibition with works by Fiona Banner
    Fiona Banner

    Fiona Banner is an England artist, who was short listed for the Turner Prize in 2002.She was born in Merseyside and now lives in London. She studied at Kingston University and completed her MA at Goldsmiths College in 1993....
    , Dinos Chapman, Jake Chapman, Adam Chodzko
    Adam Chodzko

    Adam Chodzko is a contemporary United Kingdom multi-media artist, exhibiting internationally....
    , Mathew Dalziel, and Louise Scullion, Cerith Wyn Evans
    Cerith Wyn Evans

    Cerith Wyn Evans is a conceptual artist, sculptor and film maker. After studying at Saint Martin's School of Art and the Royal College of Art Wyn Evans worked as an assistant to Derek Jarman and his early experimental film work in the 1980s often concentrated on dancers including collaborations with Michael Clark....
    , Elizabeth Wright, Tacita Dean
    Tacita Dean

    Tacita Dean is an English visual artist....
    , Lucy Gunning, Sam Taylor-Wood
    Sam Taylor-Wood

    Sam Taylor-Wood is an England conceptual artist. She has been identified as a member of the young British Artist group....
    , Jane and Louise Wilson
    Jane and Louise Wilson

    Jane and Louise Wilson are British artists, often known as "The Wilson Sisters", as they are twin sisters who have exhibited and worked together throughout their career....
    , Jaki Irvine, Gary Hume
    Gary Hume

    Gary Hume is an England artist and a leading Young British Artists ....
    , Douglas Gordan, Tom Gidley, and Ceal Floyer.
  • 1997 - Sculptures by Rachel Whiteread
    Rachel Whiteread

    Rachel Whiteread, Order of the British Empire is a United Kingdom artist, best known for her sculptures, which typically take the form of castings, and first woman to win the Turner Prize....
    .
  • 1999 - Paintings by Gary Hume
    Gary Hume

    Gary Hume is an England artist and a leading Young British Artists ....
    .
  • 2001 - Works by Mark Wallinger
    Mark Wallinger

    Mark Wallinger is a United Kingdom artist, best known for his sculpture for the empty fourth plinth in Trafalgar Square, Ecce Homo , and State Britain , a recreation at Tate Britain of Brian Haw's protest display outside Palace of Westminster....
    .
  • 2003 - Paintings by Chris Ofili
    Chris Ofili

    Chris Ofili is a British Painting noted for artworks referencing aspects of his Nigerian heritage. He is one of the Young British Artists. He is a Turner Prize winner and his work has been a source of controversy....
    .


Further reading

  • Sophie Bowness and Clive Phillpot (ed), Britain at the Venice Biennale 1895-1996, The British Council, 1995


External links