Interleukin

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Interleukin

Interleukins are a group of cytokine

Cytokine

Cytokines are a category of signaling molecules that, like hormones and neurotransmitters, are used extensively in cell communication. They are proteins, peptides or glycoproteins....
s (secreted signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cell

White blood cell

White blood cells , or leukocytes , are cell of the immune system defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials....
s (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-). The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria

University of Victoria

The University of Victoria is the second oldest degree granting university in British Columbia. This medium-sized university is located in Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada with an enrollment figure of approximately 19,500 students, as of 2007....
); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of body cells. The function of the immune system

Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare

Rare disease

A rare disease has such a low prevalence in a population that a physician in a busy general practice would not expect to see more than one case a year....
deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune disease

Autoimmune disease

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Encyclopedia

Interleukins are a group of cytokine

Cytokine

White blood cell

University of Victoria

Immune system

Rare disease

Autoimmune disease

Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body attacks its own cells....
s or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T, B, and hematopoietic cells.

List

A list of interleukins: IL-4

Interleukin 4

Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4....
>IL-11

Interleukin 11

Interleukin 11 is a multifunctional cytokine first isolated in 1990 from bone marrow-derived stromal cells. It is a key regulator of multiple events in hematopoiesis, most notably the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation....
>

Name	Source	Target receptors	Target cells	Function >- \|rowspan=4\| IL-1 Interleukin 1 Interleukin-1 is one of the first cytokines ever described. Its initial discovery was as a factor that could induce fever, control lymphocytes, increase the number of bone marrow cells and cause degeneration of bone joints....	macrophage Macrophage Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes. Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres in diameter.... s, B cells, monocytes , dendritic cells	CD121a/IL1R1 Interleukin 1 receptor, type I Interleukin 1 receptor, type I also known as CD121a , is an interleukin receptor. IL1R1 also denotes its human gene.... , CD121b/IL1R2 Interleukin 1 receptor, type II Interleukin 1 receptor, type II also known as CD121b is an interleukin receptor. IL1R2 also denotes its human gene....	T helper cells	co-stimulation
B cells	maturation & proliferation
Nk cells	activation
macrophage Macrophage Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes. Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres in diameter.... s, endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cell that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.... , other	inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue.... , small amounts induce acute phase reaction Acute phase protein Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase or decrease in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction .... , large amounts induce fever Fever Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1?2 ?C .... \|- \| IL-2 Interleukin 2 Interleukin-2 is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signaling molecule, that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign and self....	TH1-cells T helper cell T helper cells are a sub-group of lymphocytes that play an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system....	CD25/IL2RA IL2RA Interleukin 2 receptor, alpha, also known as IL2RA, is a human gene.ReferencesFurther reading... , CD122/IL2RB IL2RB Interleukin 2 receptor, beta, also known as IL2RB, is a human gene.See also* IL-2 receptorReferencesFurther reading... , CD132/IL2RG IL2RG IL2RG is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein called the common gamma chain. This protein is located on the surface of immature blood-forming cells in bone marrow....	activated T cells and B cells, NK cells, macrophage Macrophage Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes. Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres in diameter.... s, oligodendrocytes			stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy Immunotherapy Immunotherapy, in medicine, refers to an array of treatment strategies based upon the concept of modulating the immune system to achieve a Prophylaxis and/or Immunosuppressive therapy goal.... to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients. \|- \|rowspan=2\| IL-3 Interleukin 3 Interleukin 3 , also known as IL3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL3 gene....	activated T helper cell T helper cell T helper cells are a sub-group of lymphocytes that play an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.... s, mast cells, NK cells, endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cell that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.... , eosinophils	CD123/IL3RA IL3RA Interleukin 3 receptor, alpha , also known as CD123 , is a human gene.... , CD131/IL3RB CSF2RB CSF2RB is a common subunit to the following type I cytokine receptors:GM-CSF receptorIL-3 receptor*IL-5 receptor....	hematopoietic stem cells	differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells to e.g. erythrocytes, granulocytes
mast cells	growth and histamine Histamine Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune system as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.... release
TH2-cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells, mast cells, macrophages	CD124/IL4R Interleukin-4 receptor Interleukin 4 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL4R is its human gene.... , CD132/IL2RG IL2RG IL2RG is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein called the common gamma chain. This protein is located on the surface of immature blood-forming cells in bone marrow....	activated B cells	proliferation and differentiation, IgG1 and IgE Immunoglobulin E In biology, Immunoglobulin E is a class of antibody that has only been found in mammals. It plays an important role in allergy, and is especially associated with type 1 hypersensitivity.... synthesis. Important role in allergic response (IgE IGE IGE is one of the largest MMORPG services companies, with offices in Los Angeles, Miami, and China. IGE is one of the main players in virtual economy services, also known in the MMORPG industry as secondary market.... )
		T cells	proliferation
		endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cell that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall....	- \|rowspan=2\| IL-5 Interleukin 5 Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper cell-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion....	TH2-cells, mast cells, eosinophils	CD125/IL5RA Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit Interleukin 5 receptor, alpha also known as CD125 is a subunit of the Interleukin-5 receptor. IL5RA also denotes its human gene.... , CD131/IL3RB CSF2RB CSF2RB is a common subunit to the following type I cytokine receptors:GM-CSF receptorIL-3 receptor*IL-5 receptor....	eosinophils	production
B cells	differentiation, IgA IGA IGA may stand for:Acronyms* Islamic Golden Age, also known as the Islamic Renaissance* Irish Games Association* International Gamers Award... production \|- \|rowspan=4\| IL-6 Interleukin 6 Interleukin-6 is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation....	macrophage Macrophage Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes. Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres in diameter.... s, TH2-cells, B cells, astrocytes, endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cell that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall....	CD126/IL6RA Interleukin-6 receptor Interleukin 6 receptor also known as CD126 is a type I cytokine receptor.Interleukin 6 is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and plays an important role in immune response.... , CD130/IR6RB Glycoprotein 130 Glycoprotein 130 is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors. It forms one Protein subunit of type I cytokine receptors within the IL-6 receptor family....	TH2-cells, mast cells, eosinophils		activated B cells	differentiation into plasma cells
plasma cells	antibody Antibody Antibodies are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacterium and viruses.... secretion
hematopoietic stem cells	differentiation
T cells, others	induces acute phase reaction Acute phase protein Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase or decrease in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction .... , hematopoiesis, differentiation Differentiation Differentiation can mean the following:* The act of finding the derivative in mathematics* Differentiated instruction in education,* Cellular differentiation in biology... , inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue.... \|- \| IL-7 Interleukin 7 Interleukin 7 is a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by the stromal cells of the red marrow and thymus. IL-7 stimulates the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into lymphoid progenitor cells and stimulates proliferation of all cells in the lymphoid lineage ....			bone marrow stromal cells and thymus stromal cells	CD127/IL7RA Interleukin-7 receptor Interleukin 7 receptor also known as CD127 is a type I cytokine receptor. IL7R also denotes its human gene.... , CD132/IL2RG Common gamma chain The Cytokine receptor common gamma chain is a cytokine receptor sub-unit that is common to the receptor complexes for at least six different interleukin receptors: interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-4 receptor, interleukin-7 receptor, interleukin-9 receptor, interleukin-15 receptor and interleukin-21 receptor....	pre Pre-B cell A Pre-B cell is a precursor to the development of B cells.Certain leukemias/lymphomas are associated with immature B cells, and observing pre-B cell populations can be useful in the identification of these conditions.... /pro-B cell, pre/pro-T cell, NK cells	differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑proinflammatory cytokines \|- \| IL-8 Interleukin 8 Interleukin-8 is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. It is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies....	macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells	CXCR1/IL8RA Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha is a chemokine receptor. IL8RA is its human gene. IL8RA has also been designated CD181 , and CXCR1.... , CXCR2/IL8RB Interleukin 8 receptor, beta Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor. *IL8RB* is also known as *CXCR2*, and CXCR2 is now the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug classification-recommended name.... /CD128	neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes	Neutrophil chemotaxis Chemotaxis Chemotaxis, a kind of taxis, is the phenomenon in which bodily cells, bacterium, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.... \|- \| IL-9 Interleukin 9 Interleukin 9, also known as IL9, is a cytokine belonging to the group of interleukins.ReferencesFurther reading...	Th2-cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells	CD129/IL9R Interleukin-9 receptor Interleukin 9 receptor also known as CD129 is a type I cytokine receptor. IL9R also denotes its human gene....	T cells, B cells	Potentiates IgM Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M, or IgM for short, is a basic antibody that is present on B cells. It is the primary antibody against ABO blood group system and ABO blood group system antigens on red blood cells.... , IgG Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G is a monomeric immunoglobulin, built of two Antibody#Heavy chain ? and two Antibody#Light chain. Each IgG has two antigen binding sites.... , IgE Immunoglobulin E In biology, Immunoglobulin E is a class of antibody that has only been found in mammals. It plays an important role in allergy, and is especially associated with type 1 hypersensitivity.... , stimulates mast cell Mast cell A mast cell is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many Granule rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens.... s \|- \|rowspan=5\| IL-10 Interleukin 10 Interleukin-10 , also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor , is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.This cytokine is produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes....	monocyte Monocyte Monocyte is a type of leukocyte, part of the human body's immune system. Monocytes have two main functions in the immune system: replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into mac... s, TH2-cells, CD8+ T cells, mast cells, macrophages, B cell B cell B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immunity . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibody against antigens, perform the role of Antigen Presenting Cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction.... subset	CD210/IL10RA Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RA, is its human gene.IL10RA has also recently been designated CDW210A .... , CDW210B/IL10RB Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RB is its human gene.IL10RB has also recently been designated CDW210B ....	macrophages	cytokine production
B cells	-	mast cells
Th1 cells	inhibits Th1 T helper cell T helper cells are a sub-group of lymphocytes that play an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.... cytokine production (IFN-?, TNF-ß, IL-2 Interleukin 2 Interleukin-2 is an interleukin, a type of cytokine immune system signaling molecule, that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign and self.... )
Th2 cells	Stimulation
bone marrow stroma	IL11RA Interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit Interleukin 11 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 11 receptor. IL11RA is its human gene....	bone marrow stroma	acute phase protein Acute phase protein Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase or decrease in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction .... production, osteoclast Osteoclast An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing its mineralized matrix. This process is known as bone resorption.... formation \|- \|rowspan=2\| IL-12 Interleukin 12 Interleukin 12 is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells in response to antigenic stimulation....	dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, macrophages	CD212/IL12RB1 Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor. IL12RB1, is its human gene. IL12RB1 is also known as CD212 .... , IR12RB2 Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 2 subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 12 receptor. IL12RB2 is its human gene....	activated T cells,	differentiation into Cytotoxic T cell Cytotoxic T cell A cytotoxic T cell belongs to a sub-group of T cells that are capable of inducing the death of infection somatic or tumor cells; they kill cells that are infected with viruses , or are otherwise damaged or dysfunctional.... s with IL-2, ↑ IFN-?, TNF-a, ↓ IL-10
NK cells	↑ IFN-?, TNF-a \|- \| IL-13 Interleukin 13 Interleukin 13 is a cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper cell type 2 cells, that is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease....	activated TH2-cells, mast cells, NK cells	IL13R Interleukin-13 receptor The interleukin-13 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding Interleukin-13. It consists of two subunits, encoded by IL13RA1 and IL13RA2, respectively....	dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, macrophages		TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages	Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells (IgE IGE IGE is one of the largest MMORPG services companies, with offices in Los Angeles, Miami, and China. IGE is one of the main players in virtual economy services, also known in the MMORPG industry as secondary market.... ), inhibits TH1-cells T helper cell T helper cells are a sub-group of lymphocytes that play an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.... and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 \|- \| IL-14 Interleukin 14 Interleukin-14 is a cytokine that is also called High molecular weight B-cell growth factor that controls the growth and proliferation of both normal and cancerous B cells....	T cells and certain malignant B cells		activated B cells	controls the growth and proliferation of B cells, inhibits Ig secretion \|- \| IL-15 Interleukin 15 Interleukin 15 is a cytokine with structural similarity to IL-2 that is secreted by phagocytes following infection by virus. This cytokine induces cell proliferation of natural killer cells; cells of the innate immune system whose principal role is to kill virally infected cells....	mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es)	IL15RA Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor. IL15RA is its human gene....	T cells, activated B cells	Induces production of Natural Killer Cells \|- \| IL-16 Interleukin 16 Interleukin 16 , also known as IL16, is a human gene. This gene was discovered in 1982 at Boston University by Dr. David Center and Dr. William Cruikshank....	lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells	CD4 CD4 CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984....	CD4+ T cells	CD4 CD4 CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984.... + chemoattractant \|- \| IL-17 Interleukin 17 Interleukin-17 is the founding member of a group of cytokines called the IL-17 family. IL-17A, was originally identified as a transcript from a rodent T-cell hybridoma by Rouvier et al. in 1993....	subsets of T cells	CDw217/IL17RA IL17RA Interleukin 17 receptor A, also known as IL17RA and CDw217 , is a human gene.... , IL17RB IL17RB Interleukin 17 receptor B, also known as IL17RB, is a human gene....	epithelium, endothelium, other	osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Though there has been some debate over this, vasculogenesis is the term used for spontaneous blood-vessel formation, and Intussusception is the term for new blood vessel formation by splitting off existing ones.... , ↑ inflammatory cytokines \|- \| IL-18 Interleukin 18 Interleukin-18 is a cytokine produced by macrophages and other cells that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-18 works together with Interleukin 12 to induce cell-mediated immunity following infection with microbial products like lipopolysaccharide ....	macrophages	CDw218a/IL18R1 Interleukin-18 receptor The interleukin-18 receptor is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. IL-18R is a heteromeric complex comprised of alpha- and beta-chains encoded by the genes and respectively....	Th1 cells, NK cells	Induces production of IFN? Interferon-gamma Interferon-gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor, a term now used to describe a larger family of proteins to which IFN-? belongs.... , ↑ NK cell activity \|- \| IL-19 Interleukin 19 Interleukin-19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines along with several other interleukins including interleukin 10, interleukin 20, interleukin 22, interleukin 24, interleukin 26, and several virus-encoded cytokines....	-	IL20R Interleukin-20 receptor Interleukin-20 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit and interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit subunits....	- \| IL-20 Interleukin 20 Interleukin-20 is a protein belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-20 is produced by activated keratinocytes and monocytes and transmits an intracellular signal through two distinct cell-surface receptor complexes on keratinocytes and other epithelial cells....	-	IL20R Interleukin-20 receptor Interleukin-20 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit and interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit subunits....	regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte Keratinocyte The keratinocyte is the major constituent of the epidermis , constituting 95% of the cells found there. Those keratinocytes found in the Stratum germinativum are sometimes referred to as "basal cells" or "basal keratinocytes."... s \|- \| IL-21 Interleukin 21 Interleukin 21, also known as IL21, is a human gene.The protein encoded by this gene, Interleukin 21, a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer cells cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells....	activated T helper cells, NKT cells	IL21R Interleukin-21 receptor Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL21R is its human gene.ReferencesFurther reading...	All lymphocytes, dendritic cells	- \| IL-22 Interleukin 22 > IL-22, signals through the interferon receptor-related proteins CRF2-4 and IL-22R.References...	-	IL22R Interleukin-22 receptor Interleukin-22 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It binds to Interleukin-22. It is a heterodimer of a1 and IL22RA2 subunits....	Activates STAT1 STAT1 STAT1 is a member of the STAT_protein family of Transcription factor. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either Interferon_type_I or Interferon_type_II interferons.... and STAT3 STAT3 The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated tyrosine kinase, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators.... and increases production of acute phase protein Acute phase protein Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase or decrease in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction .... s such as serum amyloid A Serum amyloid A Serum amyloid A proteins are a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein in plasma. Different isoforms of SAA are expressed constitutively at different levels or in response to inflammatory stimuli .... , Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is an alpha globulin glycoprotein that is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor family.It inhibits the activity of certain enzymes called proteinases, such as cathepsin G that is found in neutrophils, and chymases found in mast cells, by cleaving them into a different shape or conformation.... and haptoglobin Haptoglobin Haptoglobin is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HP gene. In blood plasma, haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes with high affinity and thereby inhibits its oxidative activity.... in hepatoma cell lines \|- \| IL-23 Interleukin 23 Interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19, also known as IL23A, is a human gene.Interleukin-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of two subunits, one called p40, which is shared with another cytokine, interleukin 12, and another called p19 ....	-	IL23R Interleukin-23 receptor Interleukin 23 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL23R is its human gene.ReferencesFurther reading...	Increases angiogenesis Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Though there has been some debate over this, vasculogenesis is the term used for spontaneous blood-vessel formation, and Intussusception is the term for new blood vessel formation by splitting off existing ones.... but reduces CD8 CD8 CD8 is a transmembrane protein glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor . Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex molecule, but is specific for the major histocompatibility complex#class I MHC protein.... T-cell infiltration \|- \| IL-24 Interleukin 24 Interleukin 24 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines that signals through two heterodimeric receptors: IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2....	-	IL20R Interleukin-20 receptor Interleukin-20 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit and interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit subunits....	Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease which affects the skin and joints. It commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin.... by influencing cell survival. \|- \| IL-25 Interleukin 25 Interleukin-25 is a cytokine that belongs to the interleukin 17 cytokine family and is secreted by type 2 helper T cells and mast cells. It is also known as IL-17E....	-	LY6E LY6E Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E, also known as LY6E, is a human gene.ReferencesFurther reading...	Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 IL-5 IL 5 or IL-5 may refer to:* Interleukin 5* Illinois' 5th congressional district* Illinois Route 5... and IL-13 IL-13 IL-13 or IL 13 can refer to:* Interleukin 13* Illinois' 13th congressional district* Illinois Route 13... , which stimulate eosinophil expansion \|- \| IL-26 Interleukin 26 Interleukin-26 is a 171-amino acid protein, which is similar in amino acid sequence to interleukin 10. It was originally called AK155 and is composed of a signal sequence, 6 helices, and 4 conserved cysteine residues....	-	IL20R1 Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-20 receptor. IL20RA is its human gene....	Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 IL-8 IL-8 can refer to:* Interleukin 8, a type of protein* Illinois' 8th congressional district* Illinois Route 8... and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells \|- \| IL-27 Interleukin 27 Interleukin-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine belonging to the Interleukin 12 family that is composed of two subunits, Epstein-Barr virus -induced gene 3 and IL27-p28 ....	-	IL27RA Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha is a subunit of the interleukin-27 receptor. IL27RA is its human gene....	Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes \|- \| IL-28 Interleukin 28 Interleukin-28 is a cytokine that comes in two isoforms, IL-28A and IL-28B, and plays a role in immune defense against viruses. IL-28A and IL-28B belong to the type III interferon interferon family of cytokines and are highly similar to interleukin 29....	-	IL28R Interleukin-28 receptor Interleukin-28 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor. It binds interleukin-28. It consists of an interleukin 28 receptor, alpha subunit and shares a common interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit subunit the with interleukin-10 receptor....	Plays a role in immune defense against virus Virus A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life.... es \|- \| IL-29 Interleukin 29 Interleukin-29 is a protein of the helical cytokine family and is a type III interferon. It is also known as IFN?1 and is highly similar in amino acid sequence to the IL-28, the other type III interferon....	-	Plays a role in host defenses against microbes \|- \| IL-30 Interleukin 30 Interleukin-30 is a protein with a molecular weight of 28 kilodaltons, which forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 , thus is sometimes called IL27-p28....	-	Forms one chain of IL-27 \|- \| IL-31 Interleukin 31 Interleukin-31 is a cytokine with a four-helix bundle structure, which is preferentially produced by type 2 helper T cells . The structure of IL-31 places it in the IL-6 family of cytokines....	-	IL31RA IL31RA Interleukin 31 receptor A, also known as IL31RA, is a human gene.ReferencesFurther reading...	May play a role in inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue.... of the skin Skin The skin is the outer covering of the body, also known as the epidermis. It is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial biological tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and organ s.... \|- \| IL-32 Interleukin 32 Interleukin 32 is a cytokine that can induce cells of the immune system to secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha in addition to chemokines such as IL-8 and MIP-2/CXCL2....	-	Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-a, IL-8 IL-8 IL-8 can refer to:* Interleukin 8, a type of protein* Illinois' 8th congressional district* Illinois Route 8... and CXCL2 CXCL2 Chemokine ligand 2 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha , Growth-regulated protein beta and Gro oncogene-2 .... \|- \| IL-33 Interleukin 33 Interleukin 33 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-33 induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines. This cytokine was previously named NF-HEV 'cell nucleus factor in high endothelial venules' since it was originally identified in these specialized cells....	-	Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokine \|- \| IL-35 Interleukin 35 Interleukin 35 is an Interleukin 12 family cytokine that is produced by Regulatory T cell, but not effector, T cells and plays a role in immune suppression....	regulatory T cells	Suppression of T helper cell activation

Interleukin

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