Human body

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Human body

The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a human

Human

A human being, also human or man, is a member of a species of bipedalism primates in the family Hominidae . Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago....
organism

Organism

In biology, an organism is any life thing . In at least some form, all organisms are capable of response to stimulus , reproduction, growth and developmental biology, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole....
, and consists of a head

Head

In anatomy, the head of an animal is the rostral part that usually comprises the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth . Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilateria do....
, neck

Neck

The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The scientific term signifying "of the neck" is nuchal....
, torso

Torso

Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk....
, two arm

Arm

In anatomy, an arm is one of the upper limbs of an animal. The term arm can also be used for analogous structures, such as one of the paired upper limbs of a four-legged animal, or the cephalopod arm....
s and two leg

Leg

Leg may refer to the following places in Poland:*A former name for the town of Elk *Leg, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Leg, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ...
s.

By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 10 trillion

Trillion

Trillion may mean:...
cells

Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
, the basic unit of life. Groups of cells combine and work in tandem to form tissue

Tissue

Tissue may refer to:-*/-*/-NAJEKA-*/*/BFFE-*/-*/* Aerial tissue, an acrobatics art form and one of the circus arts* Tissue , a group of biological cells that perform a similar function...
, which combines to form organs, which work together to form organ systems.

average height of an adult male human is about 1.8 m (5 feet 11 inches) tall and the adult female about 1.6 to 1.7m (5 to 5.5 feet) tall.

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Encyclopedia

The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a human

Human

Organism

Head

Neck

The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. The scientific term signifying "of the neck" is nuchal....
, torso

Torso

Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk....
, two arm

Arm

Leg

Trillion

Trillion may mean:...
cells

Cell (biology)

Tissue

Size, type and proportion

The average height of an adult male human is about 1.8 m (5 feet 11 inches) tall and the adult female about 1.6 to 1.7m (5 to 5.5 feet) tall. This size is firstly determined by diet and secondly by gene

Gene

A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cell and pass genetic trait to offspring....
s. Body type and body composition

Body composition

This article is about the body's contents of fat, bone, and muscle. For the chemical composition of the human body, see Composition of the human body....
are influenced by postnatal factors such as diet

Diet (nutrition)

In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat....
and exercise.

The proportions of the human body are different from those of other animals. In art, these ratios are used in veristic depictions of the figure.

Systems

The organ systems of the body include the musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal system is an Organ that gives animals the ability to move using the Muscular system and skeletal system. The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human body....
, cardiovascular system, digestive system, endocrine system

Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, human development , and tissue and also plays a part in determining Mood ....
, integumentary system

Integumentary system

The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages. The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is the location of receptors for pain, sensation, pressu...
, urinary system

Urinary system

The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra....
, lymphatic system

Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels....
, immune system

Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
, respiratory system

Respiratory system

A respiratory system?s function is to allow gas exchange. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on the organism....
, nervous system

Nervous system

The nervous system is a Neural network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself. It processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body....
and reproductive system

Reproductive system

The reproductive system is a system of Organ within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system....
.

Musculoskeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton, made by bone

Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
s attached to other bones with joint

Joint

A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally....
s, and skeletal muscle attached to the skeleton by tendon

Tendon

A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension . Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another....
s.

Cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system comprises the heart

Heart

The heart is a muscle organ in all vertebrates responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods....
, veins, arteries and capillaries. The primary function of the heart is to circulate the blood

Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
, and through the blood, oxygen and vital minerals, to the tissues and organs that comprise the body. The left side of the main organ (left ventricle

Left ventricle

The left ventricle is one of four heart chamber in the human heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve....
and left atrium

Left atrium

StructureBlood is pumped through the left atrioventricular orifice, which contains the bicuspid or mitral valve. The normal size of the left atrium varies depending on gender and the size of the individual as determined by the body mass index....
) is responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body, while the right side (right ventricle

Right ventricle

The right ventricle is one of four heart chamber in the human heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk....
and right atrium

Right atrium

The right atrium is one of four heart chamber in the human heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve....
pumps only to the lungs.The heart itself is divided into three layers called the endocardium

Endocardium

The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its Cell , embryology and biology, are similar to the endothelium cells that line blood vessels....
, myocardium and epicardium

Epicardium

Epicardium describes the outer layer of heart tissue . When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium....
, which vary in thickness and function.

Reproductive system

Human reproduction takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the erect penis

Penis

The penis is an external sex organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates.The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for Eutheria, additionally serves as the external organ of urination....
of the male

Malé

Mal? , population 104,403 , is the Capital , the largest city in terms of population, and the name of an island in the Maldives. It is located at the southern edge of North Male' Atoll Kaafu Atoll....
is inserted into the female

Female

Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces mobile ovum . The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon, is produced by the male....
's vagina

Vagina

The vagina is a fibromuscular cylinder tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles....
until the male ejaculates semen, which contains sperm

Sperm

The term sperm is derived from the Greek word sperma and refers to the male reproductive Cell . In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell....
, into the female's vagina. The sperm then travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus

Uterus

The uterus is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation....
or fallopian tube

Fallopian tube

The Fallopian tubes, named after Gabriel Fallopius , also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges are two very fine tubes lined with cilia epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus....
s for fertilization of the ovum

Ovum

An ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization....
.

The human male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside the body and around the pelvic

Pelvis

The pelvis or pelvic girdle is the irregular bone structure located at the base of the spine . In the adult human, it is formed by the sacrum and the coccyx, the caudal part of the axial skeleton, and a pair of hip bones, part of the appendicular skeleton or human leg....
region of a male that contribute towards the reproductive process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male gamete

Gamete

A gamete is a Cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization in organisms that sexual reproduction. In species which produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual which produces the larger type of gamete?called an ovum ?and a male produces th...
or spermatozoa for fertilization of the ovum.

The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category is sperm production and storage. Production takes place in the testes which are housed in the temperature regulating scrotum

Scrotum

In some male mammals the scrotum is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus....
, immature sperm then travel to the epididymis

Epididymis

The epididymis is part of the male reproductive system and is present in all male mammals. It is a narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens....
for development and storage. The second category are the ejaculatory fluid producing glands which include the seminal vesicles, prostate

Prostate

The prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system. Females do not have a prostate gland, although females do have tiny paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate....
, and the vas deferens

Vas deferens

The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, is part of the male anatomy of some species; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
. The final category are those used for copulation, and deposition of the spermatozoa (sperm

Sperm

Penis

Urethra

Vas deferens

The vas deferens , also called ductus deferens, is part of the male anatomy of some species; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation....
and Cowper's gland.

The human female reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside of the body and around the pelvic

Pelvis

Female

Vagina

The vagina is a fibromuscular cylinder tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles....
, which acts as the receptacle for the male's sperm, the uterus

Uterus

The uterus is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation....
, which holds the developing fetus, and the ovaries

Ovary

The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homology to testicle in males, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands....
, which produce the female's ova. The breasts are also an important reproductive organ during the parenting stage of reproduction.

The vagina meets the outside at the vulva

Vulva

The vulva refers to the external sex organ of the female. In colloquial speech, the term vagina is often used to refer to the female genitals generally, although, strictly speaking, the vagina is a specific internal structure, whereas the vulva is the whole exterior genitalia....
, which also includes the labia, clitoris

Clitoris

The clitoris is a sex organ that is present only in female mammals. In humans, the visible button-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the urethra and vagina....
and urethra

Urethra

In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen....
; during intercourse this area is lubricated by mucus secreted by the Bartholin's glands. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix

Cervix

The cervix is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall....
, while the uterus is attached to the ovaries via the fallopian tube

Fallopian tube

Ovum

An ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization....
, which passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus. The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium

Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus....
, and unfertilized ova are shed each cycle through a process known as menstruation

Menstruation

See also "Mensuration", a term sometimes used to describe Measurement, particularly in the context of forestry.Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining ....
.

Bones

An adult skeleton consists of approximately 206 distinct bones:

Spine and vertebral column (26)

Cranium (8)

Face (14)

Hyoid bone, sternum and ribs (26)

Upper extremities (64)

Lower extremities (62)

Human body

Size, type and proportion

Systems

Musculoskeletal system

Cardiovascular system

Reproductive system

Bones

External links

See also