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Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 through graphics
Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain....
 and graphical aids. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating word
Word

A word is a unit of language that represents a concept which can be expressively communication with Meaning . A word consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together, and has a phonetic value....
s and image
Image

An image is an artifact, usually two-dimensional , that has a similar appearance to some subject —usually a physical object or a person....
s to convey data
DATA

Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa is a multinational Non-governmental organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign....
, concept
Concept

A concept is a cognition unit of meaning— an abstraction idea or a mental symbol sometimes defined as a "unit of knowledge," built from other units which act as a concept's characteristics....
s, and emotion
Emotion

An emotion is a mental and physiological state associated with a wide variety of feelings, thoughts, and behavior.Emotions are subjective experiences, or experienced from an individual point of view....
s.

The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmissions.

hical communication involves using visual material to relate ideas, such as drawings, photograph
Photograph

A photograph is an created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic imager such as a Charge-coupled device or a Complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor chip....
s, slide
Slide

Slide may refer to:...
s, transparancies and sketch
Sketch

Sketch may refer to:Drawing and other visual arts* Sketch , a drawing or other composition that is not intended as a finished work, but a preliminary exploration....
es.






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Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 through graphics
Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain....
 and graphical aids. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating word
Word

A word is a unit of language that represents a concept which can be expressively communication with Meaning . A word consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together, and has a phonetic value....
s and image
Image

An image is an artifact, usually two-dimensional , that has a similar appearance to some subject —usually a physical object or a person....
s to convey data
DATA

Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa is a multinational Non-governmental organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign....
, concept
Concept

A concept is a cognition unit of meaning— an abstraction idea or a mental symbol sometimes defined as a "unit of knowledge," built from other units which act as a concept's characteristics....
s, and emotion
Emotion

An emotion is a mental and physiological state associated with a wide variety of feelings, thoughts, and behavior.Emotions are subjective experiences, or experienced from an individual point of view....
s.

The field of graphic communications encompasses all phases of the graphic communications processes from origination of the idea (design, layout, and typography) through reproduction, finishing and distribution of two- or three-dimensional products or electronic transmissions.

Overview

Graphical communication involves using visual material to relate ideas, such as drawings, photograph
Photograph

A photograph is an created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic imager such as a Charge-coupled device or a Complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor chip....
s, slide
Slide

Slide may refer to:...
s, transparancies and sketch
Sketch

Sketch may refer to:Drawing and other visual arts* Sketch , a drawing or other composition that is not intended as a finished work, but a preliminary exploration....
es. The drawings of little children, and a rough map skeched to show the way could be considered grahical communication. Any medium that uses a graphics
Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain....
 to aid in conveying a message
Message

A message in its most general meaning is an Object of communication. It is something which provides information; it can also be this information itself....
, instruction
Instruction

Instruction may refer to:* Education, the teaching and learning of knowledge* Teaching, a form of instruction* Sebayt, a work of the ancient Egyptian didactic literature aiming to teach ethical behaviour...
, or an idea
Idea

An idea is a form formed by consciousness through the process of Ideation . Human capability to contemplate ideas is associated with the ability of reasoning, human self-reflection, and of the ability to acquire and apply intellect, intuition, inspiration, etc.....
 is involved in graphical communication. One of the most widely used forms of graphical communication is the drawing
Drawing

Drawing is a visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, chalk, pastels, marker pens, stylus, or various metals like silverpoint....
.

History

The earliest graphics known to anthropologists studying prehistoric periods are cave painting
Cave painting

Cave paintings are paintings on cave walls and ceilings, and the term is used especially for those dating to prehistoric times. The earliest known European cave paintings date to 32,000 years ago....
s and markings on boulders, bone, ivory, and antlers, which were created during the Upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000–10,000 B.C. or earlier. Many of these were found to record astronomical, seasonal, and chronological details.

Some of the earliest graphics and drawings known to the modern world
Modern World

Modern World or The Modern World may refer to:*modernity, a popular academic term.*The modern era, the age in which people today now live....
, from almost 6,000 years ago, are that of engraved stone tablets and ceramic cylinder seals, marking the beginning of the historic periods and the keeping of records for accounting and inventory purposes. Records from Egypt predate these and papyrus
Papyrus

Papyrus is a thick paper material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland Cyperaceae that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt....
 was used by the Egyptians
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt....
 as a material on which to plan the building of pyramids; they also used slabs of limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
 and wood
Wood

Wood is an organic material; in the strict sense wood is produced as secondary xylem in the stems of woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs, etc....
. From 600–250 BC, the Greeks played a major role in geometry
Geometry

Geometry arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. Geometry was one of the two fields of pre-modern mathematics, the other being the study of numbers....
. They used graphics to represent their mathematical theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem
Pythagorean theorem

In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of a triangle#Types of triangles....
.

Graphic communication topics


Graphics

Graphics
Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain....
 are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas
Canvas

Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain weave cloth used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other functions where sturdiness is required....
, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand
Brand

A brand is a collection of symbols, experiences and associations connected with a product, a service, a person or any other artifact or entity....
, inform, illustrate, or entertain. Examples are photograph
Photograph

A photograph is an created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic imager such as a Charge-coupled device or a Complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor chip....
s, drawings, Line Art
Line art

Line art is any image that consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a background, without gradations in shading or hue to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects....
, graphs, diagrams, typography
Typography

Typography is the art and techniques of typesetting, type design, and modifying type glyphs. Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques....
, number
Number

A number is a mathematical object used in counting and measurement. A notational symbol which represents a number is called a Numeral system, but in common usage the word number is used for both the abstract object and the symbol, as well as for the numeral for the number....
s, symbols, geometric designs, maps
MAPS

Maps is the plural of map, a visual representation of an area.As an acronym, MAPS may refer to:* Mail Abuse Prevention System* Manx Aviation Preservation Society...
, engineering drawings, or other image
Image

An image is an artifact, usually two-dimensional , that has a similar appearance to some subject —usually a physical object or a person....
s. Graphics often combine text, illustration
Illustration

An illustration is a Information graphic such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate textual information by providing a visual representation....
, and color
Color

Color or colour is the visual perception property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, blue and others....
. Graphic design
Graphic design

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages....
 may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flier, poster, web site, or book without any other element. Clarity or effective communication may be the objective, association with other cultural elements may be sought, or merely, the creation of a distinctive style.

Graphics can be functional or artistic. The latter can be a recorded version, such as a photograph, or an interpretation by a scientist to highlight essential features, or an artist, in which case the distinction with imaginary graphics may become blurred.

Communication

Communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 is the process whereby information is imparted by a sender to a receiver via a medium
Media (communication)

In communication, media are the data storage device and data transmission tools used to recording and deliver information or data. It is often referred to as synonymous with mass media or news media, but may refer to a single medium used to communicate any data for any purpose....
. It requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are auditory
Auditory

Auditory means of or relating to the process of hearing:* Auditory system, the neurological structures and pathways of sound perception.* Sound, the physical signal perceived by the auditory system....
 means, such as speaking, singing and sometimes tone of voice, and nonverbal
Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages.NVC can be communicated through gesture; body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact; object communication such as clothing, Haircut or even architecture; symbols and infographics....
, physical means, such as body language
Body language

Body language is a term for communication using body movements or gestures instead of, or in addition to, sounds, verbal language or other communication....
, sign language
Sign language

A sign language is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker's thoughts....
, paralanguage
Paralanguage

Paralanguage refers to the Nonverbal communication elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or Unconscious mindly, and it includes the Pitch , volume, and, in some cases, Intonation of Speech communication....
, touch
Haptics

Haptics refers to the sense of touch . It may refer to:* Haptic technology, technology that interfaces with the user through the sense of touch...
, eye contact
Eye contact

Eye contact is an event in which two people or animals look at each other's eyes at the same time. It is a form of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large influence on social behavior....
, by using writing
Writing

Writing is the representation of language in a textual Media through the use of a set of signs or symbols . It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and the recording of language via a non-textual medium such as Magnetic tape sound recording....
. Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. if you use these processes it is developmental and transfers to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and beyond. It is through communication that collaboration
Collaboration

Collaboration is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together toward an intersection of common goals ? for example, an intellectual endeavor that is creative in nature?by sharing knowledge, learning and building consensus....
 and cooperation
Cooperation

Cooperation, co-operation, or co?peration is the process of working or acting together, which can be accomplished by both intentional and non-intentional agents....
 occur.

Visual communication

Visual communication
Visual communication

Visual communication as the name suggests is communication through visual aid. It is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon....
 as the name suggests is communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 through visual aid. It is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Primarily associated with two dimensional
Dimension

In mathematics, the dimension of a space is roughly defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify every point within it. For example: a point on the unit circle in the plane can be specified by two Cartesian coordinates but one can make do with a single coordinate , so the circle is 1-dimensional even though it exists in...
 images, it includes: signs
Signs

Signs is the plural of sign. See sign .Signs may also refer to:*Signs , a 2001 album by Badmarsh & Shri*Signs , an American girl group...
, typography
Typography

Typography is the art and techniques of typesetting, type design, and modifying type glyphs. Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques....
, drawing
Drawing

Drawing is a visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, chalk, pastels, marker pens, stylus, or various metals like silverpoint....
, graphic design
Graphic design

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages....
, illustration
Illustration

An illustration is a Information graphic such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate textual information by providing a visual representation....
, colour and electronic resources. It solely relies on vision. It is form of communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 with visual effect. It explores the idea that a visual message with text has a greater power to inform, educate or persuade a person. It is communication by presenting information through Visual form. The evaluation of a good visual design is based on measuring comprehension by the audience, not on aesthetic or artistic preference. There are no universally agreed-upon principles of beauty and ugliness. There exists a variety of ways to present information visually, like gestures, body languages, video and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation of text, pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display. The term visual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of information. Recent research in the field has focused on web design
Web design

Web Page design requires conceptualizing, planning, modeling, and executing electronic media content and its delivery via the Internet using technologies suitable for rendering and presentation by web browsers or other web-based graphical user interfaces ....
 and graphically oriented usability. Graphic designers use methods of visual communication in their professional practice.

Communication design

Communication design
Communication design

Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development which is concerned with how media intermission such as printing, crafted, electronic media or presentations communicate with people....
 is a mixed discipline between design
Design

Design is used both as a noun and a verb. The term is often tied to the various applied arts and engineering . As a verb, "to design" refers to the process of originating and planning for a product, structure, system, or component with intention....
 and information-development which is concerned with how media
Media (communication)

In communication, media are the data storage device and data transmission tools used to recording and deliver information or data. It is often referred to as synonymous with mass media or news media, but may refer to a single medium used to communicate any data for any purpose....
 intermission such as printed
Printing

Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing....
, craft
Craft

A craft is a skill, especially involving practical The Arts. It may refer to a trade or particular art.The terms is often used as part of a longer word ....
ed, electronic media
Electronic media

Electronic media are media that utilize electronics or electromechanical energy for the end user to access the content. This is in contrast to static media , which are most often Desktop publishing, but don't require electronics to be accessed by the end user in the printed form....
 or presentations communicate with people. A communication design approach is not only concerned with developing the message
Message

A message in its most general meaning is an Object of communication. It is something which provides information; it can also be this information itself....
 aside from the aesthetics in media, but also with creating new media channels to ensure the message reaches the target audience. Communication design seeks to attract, inspire, create desires and motivate the people to respond to messages, with a view to making a favorable impact to the bottom line of the commissioning body, which can be either to build a brand, move sales, or for humanitarian purposes. Its process involves strategic business
Business

A business is a legally recognized organization designed to provide good s and/or Service to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalism economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners....
 thinking, utilizing market research
Market research

Market research often refers to either primary or secondary. In secondary research, the company uses information compiled from various sources which appears applicable to a new or existing product....
, creativity
Creativity

Creativity is a mental and social process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts....
, and problem-solving.

Graphic design

The term graphic design
Graphic design

The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages....
 can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. A graphic designer may use typography
Typography

Typography is the art and techniques of typesetting, type design, and modifying type glyphs. Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques....
, visual arts
Visual arts

The visual arts are Art#Art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature, such as drawing, painting, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking....
 and page layout
Page layout

Page layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement and style treatment of elements on a page. Beginning from early illuminated pages in hand-copied books of the Middle Ages and proceeding down to intricate modern magazine and catalog layouts, proper page design has long been a consideration in printed material....
 techniques to produce the final result. Graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated.

Common uses of graphic design include magazines, advertisements, product packaging and web design. For example, a product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes and color which unify the piece. Composition
Composition (visual arts)

In the visual arts ? in particular painting, graphic design, photography and sculpture ? composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art....
 is one of the most important features of graphic design especially when using pre-existing materials or diverse elements.

Graphical representation

The term representation carries a range of meanings and interpretations. In literary theory
Literary theory

Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for analyzing literature. However, literary scholarship since the 19th century often includes?in addition to, or even instead of literary theory in the strict sense?considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social prophecy,...
 representation is commonly defined in three ways.
  1. To look like or resemble
  2. To stand in for something or someone
  3. To present a second time to re-present


Representation began with early literary theory in the ideas of Plato
Plato

Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
 and Aristotle
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
, and has evolved into a significant component of language, Saussurian
Ferdinand de Saussure

Ferdinand de Saussure was a Switzerland linguistics whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century....
 and communication
Communication

Communication is commonly defined as "the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs...",, 1: an act or instance of transmitting and 3 a: "a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or beha...
 studies. Aristotle discusses representation in three ways:
  1. The object: The symbol being represented.
  2. Manner: The way the symbol is represented.
  3. Means: The material that is used to represent it.
The means of literary representation is language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
. The means of graphical representation are graphics
Graphics

Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain....
. Graphical representation of data is one of the most commonly used modes of presentation.

Graphic communication education

Graphic communication is an optional subject its main purpose is to introduce students to making architectural drawings - both manual and elecronically. In addition to teaching Desktop publishing
Desktop publishing

Desktop publishing combines a personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to create publication documents on a computer for either Publishing or small scale local Multifunction printer output and distribution....
 (DTP) and manual publishing.

The Graphic communication education can be pitched at many different levels:
  • Intermediate 1
  • Intermediate 2
  • Higher
  • Advanced higher


All of these subjects are defined and assessed by the SQA

Standard Grade Graphic Communication

The Standard Grade Graphic Communication course consists of three elements;
  • Knowledge and Interpretation
  • Drawing Ability
  • Illustration and Presentation


The Knowledge and Interpretation element and the Drawing Ability elements are externally assessed in the Final Exam.

The Knowledge and Interpretation element is a theory section which conatins many topics including; Building Drawings, Circuit Diagrams, Flowcharts, Safety Symbols and Public Notices, Computer Aided Graphics (CAG), Colour Theory and Reading and Interpreting Complex Drawings.

The Drawing Abiliy element is a practical drawing section which also contains many topics under two main areas - Orthographic Drawing and Pictorial Drawing. Orthographic Drawing includes; basic, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, assembly drawings and sectional views. Pictorial Drawing includes; isometric, planometric, cabinet oblique, exploded views, sectional views, asssembly drawings, one point perspective and two point perspective.

The Illustration and Presentation element is produced throughout the course through making a folio of work which is sent away to the SQA (Scottish Qualifications Authority). This folio must contain work showing; use and section of colour, "shading, toning, rendering", layout and lettering, graphs and charts, modelling, use of CAD library, use of CAD, CAG for display, display and overall draughtsmanship.

All three elements are equally weighted.

Higher Graphic Communication

The higher course is formed by the study of 3 units; technical graphics 1, 2 and dtp. 30% of the assement marks come from a thematic presentation which pupils work on throughout the year; these range from manual dtp design to pupil chosen project where isometric and orthographic drawings are manually produced.

See also

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    File:Drafter at work.jpgFile:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F038800-0010, Wolfsburg, VW Autowerk.jpgTechnical drawing is the discipline of creating Standardization technology drawing by architects, CAD drafters, design engineers, and related professionals....


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