Dirck van Baburen

Dirck Van Baburen

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Dirck van Baburen

Dirck Jaspersz. van Baburen (c. 1595 – February 21, 1624) was a Dutch

Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
painter

Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
associated with the Utrecht caravaggisti

Utrecht School

Utrecht Caravaggism refers to those Baroque artists, all distinctly influenced by the art of Caravaggio, who were active mostly in the Netherlands city of Utrecht during the early part of the seventeenth century....
.

k van Baburen was probably born in Wijk bij Duurstede

Wijk bij Duurstede

Wijk bij Duurstede is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands....
, but his family moved to Utrecht when he was still young. He was also known as Teodoer van Baburen and Theodor Baburen.

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Encyclopedia

Dirck Jaspersz. van Baburen (c. 1595 – February 21, 1624) was a Dutch

Netherlands

Painting

Utrecht School

Life

Dirck van Baburen was probably born in Wijk bij Duurstede

Wijk bij Duurstede

Utrecht (city)

Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands province of Utrecht . It is located in the North-Eastern end of the Randstad, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands, with a population of 300,030....
Guild of St. Luke as a pupil of Paulus Moreelse

Paulus Moreelse

Paulus Moreelse was a Dutch painter, mainly of portraits....
. Sometime between 1612 and 1615 he travelled to Rome

Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
. There, he collaborated with fellow countryman David de Haen and befriended the close follower of Caravaggio

Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, was an Italian people artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610, considered the first great representative of the Baroque school of painting....
, Bartolomeo Manfredi

Bartolomeo Manfredi

Bartolomeo Manfredi was an Italy painter, a leading member of the Caravaggisti of the early 16th century.Manfredi was born in Ostiano, near Cremona....
. Baburen also came to the attention of the art collectors and patrons Vincenzo Giustiniani

Vincenzo Giustiniani

Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani was an aristocratic Italian banker, art collector and intellectual of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, known today largely for the Giustiniani art collection, assembled at Palazzo Giustiniani, by the Pantheon, Rome, and at the family palazzo at Bassano by Vincenzo and his brother Benedetto, and for his p...
and cardinal Scipione Borghese

Scipione Borghese

Cardinal Scipione Borghese was an Italy Renaissance prelate, art collector and member of the noble Borghese family....
, and possibly under their influence he received the commission to paint the altarpiece of the Entombment for the chapel of the Pietà in San Pietro in Montorio

San Pietro in Montorio

San Pietro in Montorio is a church in Rome, which includes in its courtyard The Tempietto built by Donato Bramante....
around 1617. Baburen was one of the earliest artists to belong to the group of Dutch-speaking artists active in Rome in the seventeenth-century known as the "Bentvueghels

Bentvueghels

The Bentvueghels were a society of mostly Dutch Golden Age and Flemish_painting artists active in Rome from about 1620 to 1720. They are also known as the Schildersbent ....
" ("Birds of a Feather"); his nickname was "Biervlieg" ("Beer Fly", or one who drinks a lot).

In late 1620 Baburen returned to Utrecht, where he began painting genre scenes. Until his death in 1624, the painter, along with Hendrick ter Brugghen

Hendrick ter Brugghen

Hendrick Jansz ter Brugghen, or Terbrugghen, was a Netherlands painter, and a leading member of the Dutch followers of Caravaggio — the so-called Dutch Caravaggio#The Caravaggisti....
and Gerard van Honthorst

Gerard van Honthorst

Gerard van Honthorst , also known as Gerrit van Honthorst and Gherardo della Notte, was a the Netherlands Painting of Utrecht . He was brought up at the school of Abraham Bloemaert, who exchanged the style of the Franckens for that of the pseudo-Italians at the beginning of the 16th century....
, helped establish the stylistic and thematic innovations now known as the Utrecht School

Utrecht School

Utrecht Caravaggism refers to those Baroque artists, all distinctly influenced by the art of Caravaggio, who were active mostly in the Netherlands city of Utrecht during the early part of the seventeenth century....
of Caravaggisti. He was buried on February 28, 1624, in the Buurkerk, a medieval church which now houses the Museum Van Speelklok tot Pierement

Museum Van Speelklok tot Pierement

The National Museum van Speelklok tot Pierement is a museum in Utrecht , Netherlands. It has a collection of automatically playing musical instruments, most of which still work and therefore still can play their music....
. Around 1629, Constantijn Huygens

Constantijn Huygens

Constantijn Huygens was a The Netherlands poet and composer, Secretary to two Princes, and the father of the scientist Christiaan Huygens. He is often considered a member of what is known as the Muiderkring, a group of leading intellectuals gathered around Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, who met regularly at the castle of Muiden near Amsterdam....
noted Baburen as one of the important Dutch painters active in the early decades of the seventeenth century.

Career

Dirck van Baburen's career was short, and only a few of his paintings are known today. He mostly painted religious subjects in Rome, including the San Pietro in Montorio Entombment that is indebted to Caravaggio

Caravaggio

The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)

The Entombment of Christ is a painting by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. It was painted for Santa Maria in Vallicella, a church built for the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, and adjacent to the buildings of the order....
of the same subject in the Vatican Museums

Vatican Museums

The Vatican Museums , in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are among the greatest museums in the world, since they display works from the immense collection built up by Roman Catholic Church throughout the centuries....
. Baburen also painted a Capture of Christ (Borghese Gallery) for Scipione Borghese and Christ Washing the Feet of the Apostles (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
) for Vincenzo Giustiniani.

The Utrecht works made between 1621 as 1624, the final years of Baburen's career, merged the visual characteristics learnt from Caravaggio and Manfredi into genre, mythological and history painting

History painting

History painting, as formulated in 1667 by Andr? F?libien, a historiographer, architect and theoretician of French classicism, was in the hierarchy of genres considered to be the grand genre....
. Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan (Rijksmuseum

Rijksmuseum

The Rijksmuseum Amsterdam or Rijksmuseum is a Netherlands national museum in Amsterdam, located on the Museumplein. The museum is dedicated to arts, crafts, and history....
, Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the Capital of the Netherlands and List of cities in the Netherlands with over 100,000 people of the Netherlands, located in the Provinces of the Netherlands of North Holland in the west of the country....
), for example, adapts Caravaggio's upside-down figure of St. Paul from the Conversion of St. Paul (Santa Maria del Popolo

Santa Maria del Popolo

Santa Maria del Popolo is a notable Augustinian church located in Rome.It stands to the north side of the Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares of the city, between the ancient Porta Flaminia and the Pincio park....
, Rome) for the position of the fallen Prometheus

Prometheus

In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a Titan known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to human beings for their use....
, who was punished for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to mortals.

He was among the first artists to popularize genre subjects such as musicians and cardplayers. One of his best-known works is The Procuress (Museum of Fine Arts

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, is one of the largest museums in the United States attracting over one million visitors a year....
, Boston

Boston, Massachusetts

Boston is the State capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region, and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England." Boston city proper had a 2007 est...
). It depicts a man offering a coin for the services of a lute

Lute

Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back, or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes....
-playing prostitute while an old woman, the lady's procuress, inspects his money. This painting (or a copy) was owned by Johannes Vermeer's

Johannes Vermeer

Johannes or Jan Vermeer was a Dutch people Baroque painting painter who specialized in exquisite, domestic interior scenes of ordinary life....
mother-in-law and appears in two of that artist's works, The Concert (stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum

The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum or Fenway Court is a museum in the Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, Massachusetts located within walking distance of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and near the Back Bay Fens....
, Boston) and Woman Seated at a Virginal (National Gallery

National Gallery, London

The National Gallery in London, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square....
, London

London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
).

Works

The Entombment, ca. 1617, (San Pietro in Montorio, Rome)
Capture of Christ, before 1621 (Borghese Gallery, Rome)
Christ Washing the Feet of the Apostles, before 1621 (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin)
Uriah's Death in Battle, before 1621 (private collection)
Youth Playing a Small Whistle 1621 (Centraal Museum, Utrecht)
The Procuress, 1622 (Boston Museum of Fine Arts)
Christ among the Doctors, 1622 (National Gallery of Norway, Oslo
Oslo

is the Capital and largest List of cities in Norway in Norway.Metropolitan Oslo or the Greater Oslo Region makes up the third largest urban area in Scandinavia after Metropolitan Stockholm and Metropolitan Copenhagen....
)
Backgammon Players, c. 1622 (Residenzgalerie, Bamberg
Bamberg

Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main. Bamberg is one of the few cities in Germany that was not destroyed by World War II bombings because of a nearby Artillery Factory that prevented planes from getting near to Bamberg....
)
Loose Company, 1623 (Gemäldegalerie, Mainz
Mainz

Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the Germany States of Germany of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman Empire fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine River and formed part of the northernmost frontier of th...
)
Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan, 1623 (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)
Crowning with Thorns, 1623 (Catharijneconvent, Utrecht)
Crowning with Thorns, 1623 (Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art

The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art gallery in Kansas City, Missouri, Missouri.In 2007, TIME Magazine ranked the museum's new Bloch Building, # 1 on the "The 10 Best Architectural Marvels" list....
, Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri

Kansas City is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson County, Missouri, Clay County, Missouri, Cass County, Missouri, and Platte County, Missouri counties....
)
Cimon and Pero (Roman Charity), ca. 1623 (York City Art Gallery)
Saint Sebastian Tended by Irene, ca. 1623 (Kunsthalle
Kunsthalle

Kunsthalle is, generally, in German language speaking regions a term for a facility mounting temporary art exhibitions. Some are run or supported by a local Kunstverein, an art association of local collectors and artists....
, Hamburg
Hamburg

Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany , and is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits. The city is home to approximately 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg metropolitan area has more than 4.3 million inhabitants....
)