DRG Class 01
Encyclopedia
The Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
's BR 01 steam locomotive
s were the first standardised (Einheitsdampflokomotive
) steam express passenger locomotives built by the unified German
railway system. They were of 4-6-2
"Pacific" wheel arrangement
in the Whyte notation
, or 2′C1′ h2 in the UIC classification
. The idea of standardisation was that it would reduce maintenance costs; i.e. if a BR 01 whose engine shop was in, say, Berlin
broke down in Dresden
, instead of having to ship the necessary part from Berlin and take the locomotive
out of service, a part from the Dresden shop could be used as all of the engines, parts, and workings were exactly the same and produced nationwide. Thus it was a "standard" product for engine shops.
and Borsig, who were the main manufacturers of these engines, together with Henschel, Hohenzollern
, Krupp
and BMAG previously Schwartzkopff
, delivered a total of 231 examples of this Einheitsdampflokomotive
between 1926 and 1938 for the fast passenger services of the Deutsche Reichsbahn
.
To begin with, 10 locomotives of this class were built with two-cylinder engines for comparison purposes alongside a similar batch of 10 engines of their sister Class 02
, which had four-cylinder compounding
. Extensive measurement and trial runs were conducted, but after length discussions the controversial decision finally fell in favour of the two-cylinder configuration, which was simpler to maintain but was less powerful and economical than the four-cylinder compounds.
The first Class 01 locomotive that went into service was not 01 001, but 01 008, which is preserved today in the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum. The mass production of Class 01s was somewhat delayed at first because in the 1920s there were neither enough routes with the necessary axle load
of 20 tons nor turntables with a large enough diameter. Not until the beginning of the 1930s did the Class 01 become the predominant express train
locomotive of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. By 1938 there were 231 locomotives of them available for the prestige express train duties. Another 10 Class 01 engines (01 111, 01 233–241) appeared from 1937 to 1942 as a result of the conversion of the four-cylinder Class 02 locomotives to two-cylinder working. The axle load restriction on many routes was the reason that in the early 1930s a third variant appeared: the Class 03
designed with a two-cylinder engine and axle load of 18 ton, of which no less than 298 were built. In 1939, a three-cylinder locomotive also emerged, the DRG Class 01.10
, a further development of the 01.
A total of five series or batches were delivered, each with minor variations: 01 001–010 (1926), 01 112–076 (1927–28), 01 077–101 (1930–31), 01 102–190 (1934–1936), 01 191–232 (1937–1938).
Even in the 1930s the employment of Class 01s was limited to the relatively few routes that had already been modified to take a 20 ton axle load. From Berlin
outwards they were the Anhalt
, Lehrte
and Hamburg
lines. The Berlin City Railway had first to be strengthened by reinforcing the viaduct arches. The first 90 engines were stationed up to 1930 at the locomotive depots of Essen
, Nuremberg
, Erfurt
P, Berlin
Ahb, Hamm
, Magdeburg
Hbf, Kassel
, Hanover
, Hamburg
Altona
, Bebra
and Offenburg
. From 1931 they wre also stabled at Frankfurt
(M) 1, Berlin Leb, Braunschweig
, Berlin Pog, Schneidemühl, Königsberg
, Göttingen
P, Paderborn
, Dresden
Alt, Breslau, Cologne
Deutzerfeld, Hof
and Halle
P.
Originally its top speed was restricted to 120 km/h. In order to raise this to 130 km/h, the diameter of the leading wheels was changed from its original 850 mm to 1,000 mm on locomotives from operating number 01 102 onwards and brake effort was increased by installing double-sided working of the brake shoes on the coupled wheels and by braking the trailing wheels. The air and feed pumps were located in smokebox
recesses behind the large Wagner
smoke deflectors
, which had been fitted from 01 077 onwards. (the others later had their original deflectors replaced by the Wagner ones too). This made access to the pumps for maintenance purposes more difficult and later Einheitsloks had their pumps located in the middle of the vehicle on delivery. The Deutsche Bundesbahn
converted their engines to the smaller Witte smoke deflectors
and moved the pumps to the running board in the centre of the vehicle. The Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany shied away from such major changes to the load distribution, so that only minor modifications in appearance can be seen even in their last years.
From the third series (01 077 et seq.) the boilers were delivered with longer smoke tubes and thus a shorter firebox. All engines originally had a central lock for the smokebox door. The first locomotives had gas lighting on delivery; from 01 010 they had electrical lighting and the last few batches were given a third headlight.
The Class 01s were equipped with 2'2 T 30, 2'2' T 32 or 2'2' T 34 tenders
. Their coal capacity was 10 tons of stone coal, and the water tank held either 30, 32 or 34 cubic metres of water. The prototype locomotives, 01 001 to 01 010, were supplied with the smaller 2'2 T 30 tenders, because there were not enough large turntables around. Later these tenders were only used if they were absolutely necessary, e.g. in cross-border services with the Netherlands
. From the second series (01 012 et seq.), the Class 01 was furnished with rivetted 2'2' T 32 tenders. The welded tenders, class 2'2' T 34, appeared only by way of exchange (mainly from brand new Class 44
) locomotives. Thereafter they were almost the only ones used during the war years and after the Second World War, because they had a larger water capacity.
Class 01 locomotives remained in service with the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1973. In the DR, they were still working up to the early 1980s, largely in their original state with large smoke deflectors
. They were legendary in their last years for hauling the D-Zug services on the Berlin-Dresden route up to autumn 1977. Only on the appearance of the large, Soviet DR Class 132 diesel locomotives were the almost 50 year-old express train locomotives of Class 01 finally forced out of scheduled services in the GDR.
converted locomotives 01 042, 01 046, 01 112, 01 154 and 01 192. They were enhanced with a Heinl mixer preheater by Henschel and a turbo feed pump. In addition combustion chamber
s were installed in the boiler
s. Finally the conversion was rounded off with the replacement of the original smoke deflectors
by Witte deflectors, which in spite of their considerably smaller size were just as effective as their larger predecessors. Four of the five modified locomotives remained in service until 1968.
. In addition a new mixer preheater system was installed in the smokebox and numerous friction bearings were replaced by roller bearings. Changes to the cylinder block, running board, a shorter chimney, front apron (Frontschürze) and locomotive frame
, as well as the missing feedwater dome, all gave the locomotives an different external appearance.
From 1962, the Reichsbahn repair shop (Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk) at Meiningen
rebuilt 35 Class 01 engines for the DR under the direction of the research and trials division VES-M Halle
. Like the DB, they selected only those locomotives with more powerful brakes (from 01 102). All these locos were fitted with new Witte smoke deflectors
with tapered edges, a new driver's cab and a new boiler, positioned higher on the frame. The boiler had a combustion chamber, a mixer preheater and a continuous cover for the dome.
Of the two-cylinder Class 01 engines, the following are currently operational:
, as an engine available for purchase in German scenario, albeit missing a tender and several key details.
Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
The Deutsche Reichsbahn – was the name of the German national railway created from the railways of the individual states of the German Empire following the end of World War I....
's BR 01 steam locomotive
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning some combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine...
s were the first standardised (Einheitsdampflokomotive
Einheitsdampflokomotive
The German term Einheitsdampflokomotive, sometimes shortened to Einheitslokomotive or Einheitslok, means standard steam locomotive and refers to the steam engines built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft...
) steam express passenger locomotives built by the unified German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
railway system. They were of 4-6-2
4-6-2
4-6-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles , six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle .These locomotives are also known as Pacifics...
"Pacific" wheel arrangement
Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed beneath a locomotive.. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country...
in the Whyte notation
Whyte notation
The Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte and came into use in the early twentieth century encouraged by an editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal...
, or 2′C1′ h2 in the UIC classification
UIC classification
The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is set out in the International Union of Railways "Leaflet 650 - Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets". It is used in much...
. The idea of standardisation was that it would reduce maintenance costs; i.e. if a BR 01 whose engine shop was in, say, Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
broke down in Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
, instead of having to ship the necessary part from Berlin and take the locomotive
Locomotive
A locomotive is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. The word originates from the Latin loco – "from a place", ablative of locus, "place" + Medieval Latin motivus, "causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine, first used in the early 19th...
out of service, a part from the Dresden shop could be used as all of the engines, parts, and workings were exactly the same and produced nationwide. Thus it was a "standard" product for engine shops.
History
The firms of AEGAEG
Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft was a German producer of electrical equipment founded in 1883 by Emil Rathenau....
and Borsig, who were the main manufacturers of these engines, together with Henschel, Hohenzollern
Lokomotivbau Hohenzollern
The Lokomotivbau Hohenzollern was a German locomotive manufacturer during the late 18th and early 19th centuries....
, Krupp
Krupp
The Krupp family , a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th...
and BMAG previously Schwartzkopff
Berliner Maschinenbau
Berliner Maschinenbau AG was a German manufacturer of locomotives.The factory was founded by Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff on 3 October 1852 as Eisengießerei und Maschinen-Fabrik von L. Schwartzkopff in Berlin ....
, delivered a total of 231 examples of this Einheitsdampflokomotive
Einheitsdampflokomotive
The German term Einheitsdampflokomotive, sometimes shortened to Einheitslokomotive or Einheitslok, means standard steam locomotive and refers to the steam engines built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft...
between 1926 and 1938 for the fast passenger services of the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn was the name of the following two companies:* Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German Imperial Railways during the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the immediate aftermath...
.
To begin with, 10 locomotives of this class were built with two-cylinder engines for comparison purposes alongside a similar batch of 10 engines of their sister Class 02
DRG Class 02
The German DRG Class 02 engines were standard express train locomotives with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft...
, which had four-cylinder compounding
Compound locomotive
A compound engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger...
. Extensive measurement and trial runs were conducted, but after length discussions the controversial decision finally fell in favour of the two-cylinder configuration, which was simpler to maintain but was less powerful and economical than the four-cylinder compounds.
The first Class 01 locomotive that went into service was not 01 001, but 01 008, which is preserved today in the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum. The mass production of Class 01s was somewhat delayed at first because in the 1920s there were neither enough routes with the necessary axle load
Axle load
The axle load of a wheeled vehicle is the total weight felt by the roadway for all wheels connected to a given axle. Viewed another way, it is the fraction of total vehicle weight resting on a given axle...
of 20 tons nor turntables with a large enough diameter. Not until the beginning of the 1930s did the Class 01 become the predominant express train
Express train
Express trains are a form of rail service. Express trains make only a small number of stops, instead of stopping at every single station...
locomotive of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. By 1938 there were 231 locomotives of them available for the prestige express train duties. Another 10 Class 01 engines (01 111, 01 233–241) appeared from 1937 to 1942 as a result of the conversion of the four-cylinder Class 02 locomotives to two-cylinder working. The axle load restriction on many routes was the reason that in the early 1930s a third variant appeared: the Class 03
DRG Class 03
The Class 03 steam engines were standard express train locomotives in service with the Deutsche Reichsbahn.- History :...
designed with a two-cylinder engine and axle load of 18 ton, of which no less than 298 were built. In 1939, a three-cylinder locomotive also emerged, the DRG Class 01.10
DRG Class 01.10
The locomotives of DRB Class 01.10 were standard locomotives used for express train services by the Deutsche Reichsbahn...
, a further development of the 01.
A total of five series or batches were delivered, each with minor variations: 01 001–010 (1926), 01 112–076 (1927–28), 01 077–101 (1930–31), 01 102–190 (1934–1936), 01 191–232 (1937–1938).
Even in the 1930s the employment of Class 01s was limited to the relatively few routes that had already been modified to take a 20 ton axle load. From Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
outwards they were the Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt was a sovereign county in Germany, located between the Harz Mountains and the river Elbe in Middle Germany. It now forms part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt.- Dukes of Anhalt :...
, Lehrte
Lehrte
Lehrte is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 17 km east of Hanover. Lehrte is a picturesque town with a population of 45,000 and a modern infrastructure, combined with local culture and an interesting history.-History:The first documented...
and Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
lines. The Berlin City Railway had first to be strengthened by reinforcing the viaduct arches. The first 90 engines were stationed up to 1930 at the locomotive depots of Essen
Essen
- Origin of the name :In German-speaking countries, the name of the city Essen often causes confusion as to its origins, because it is commonly known as the German infinitive of the verb for the act of eating, and/or the German noun for food. Although scholars still dispute the interpretation of...
, Nuremberg
Nuremberg
Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
, Erfurt
Erfurt
Erfurt is the capital city of Thuringia and the main city nearest to the geographical centre of Germany, located 100 km SW of Leipzig, 150 km N of Nuremberg and 180 km SE of Hannover. Erfurt Airport can be reached by plane via Munich. It lies in the southern part of the Thuringian...
P, Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
Ahb, Hamm
Hamm
Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of December 2003 its population was 180,849. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway...
, Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
Hbf, Kassel
Kassel
Kassel is a town located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Kassel Regierungsbezirk and the Kreis of the same name and has approximately 195,000 inhabitants.- History :...
, Hanover
Hanover
Hanover or Hannover, on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg...
, Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
Altona
Altona, Victoria
Altona is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km south-west from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Hobsons Bay. At the 2006 Census, Altona had a population of 9685....
, Bebra
Bebra
Bebra is a small town in Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in northeastern Hesse, Germany.-Location:Bebra lies some 45 km south of Kassel on the Fulda. The town is easy to find on most maps thanks to its prominent location on the Fuldaknie...
and Offenburg
Offenburg
Offenburg is a city located in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With about 60,000 inhabitants, it is the largest city and the capital of the Ortenaukreis.Offenburg also houses University of Applied Sciences Offenburg...
. From 1931 they wre also stabled at Frankfurt
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
(M) 1, Berlin Leb, Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser....
, Berlin Pog, Schneidemühl, Königsberg
Königsberg
Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...
, Göttingen
Göttingen
Göttingen is a university town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2006 the population was 129,686.-General information:...
P, Paderborn
Paderborn
Paderborn is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader, which originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.-History:...
, Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
Alt, Breslau, Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
Deutzerfeld, Hof
Hof, Germany
Hof is a city located on the banks of the Saale in the northeastern corner of the German state of Bavaria, in the Franconia region, at the Czech border and the forested Fichtelgebirge and Frankenwald upland regions....
and Halle
Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Halle is the largest city in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is also called Halle an der Saale in order to distinguish it from the town of Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia...
P.
Smokebox
A smokebox is one of the major basic parts of a Steam locomotive exhaust system. Smoke and hot gases pass from the firebox through tubes where they pass heat to the surrounding water in the boiler. The smoke then enters the smokebox, and is exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney .To assist...
recesses behind the large Wagner
Richard Paul Wagner
Richard Felix Paul Wagner was the Chief of Design in the design office of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Germany from its inception in 1922 to 1942.. He held the rank of Reichsbahnoberrat....
smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a steam locomotive on each side of the smokebox. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility unimpaired by drifting smoke....
, which had been fitted from 01 077 onwards. (the others later had their original deflectors replaced by the Wagner ones too). This made access to the pumps for maintenance purposes more difficult and later Einheitsloks had their pumps located in the middle of the vehicle on delivery. The Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn
The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany on September 7, 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft '...
converted their engines to the smaller Witte smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a steam locomotive on each side of the smokebox. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility unimpaired by drifting smoke....
and moved the pumps to the running board in the centre of the vehicle. The Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany shied away from such major changes to the load distribution, so that only minor modifications in appearance can be seen even in their last years.
From the third series (01 077 et seq.) the boilers were delivered with longer smoke tubes and thus a shorter firebox. All engines originally had a central lock for the smokebox door. The first locomotives had gas lighting on delivery; from 01 010 they had electrical lighting and the last few batches were given a third headlight.
The Class 01s were equipped with 2'2 T 30, 2'2' T 32 or 2'2' T 34 tenders
Tender locomotive
A tender or coal-car is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing the locomotive's fuel and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so tenders are necessary to keep the locomotive running over long distances. A locomotive...
. Their coal capacity was 10 tons of stone coal, and the water tank held either 30, 32 or 34 cubic metres of water. The prototype locomotives, 01 001 to 01 010, were supplied with the smaller 2'2 T 30 tenders, because there were not enough large turntables around. Later these tenders were only used if they were absolutely necessary, e.g. in cross-border services with the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
. From the second series (01 012 et seq.), the Class 01 was furnished with rivetted 2'2' T 32 tenders. The welded tenders, class 2'2' T 34, appeared only by way of exchange (mainly from brand new Class 44
DRG Class 44
The Class 44 was a ten-coupled, heavy goods train steam locomotive built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn as a standard steam engine class . Its sub-class was G 56.20 and it had triple cylinders...
) locomotives. Thereafter they were almost the only ones used during the war years and after the Second World War, because they had a larger water capacity.
Class 01 locomotives remained in service with the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1973. In the DR, they were still working up to the early 1980s, largely in their original state with large smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a steam locomotive on each side of the smokebox. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility unimpaired by drifting smoke....
. They were legendary in their last years for hauling the D-Zug services on the Berlin-Dresden route up to autumn 1977. Only on the appearance of the large, Soviet DR Class 132 diesel locomotives were the almost 50 year-old express train locomotives of Class 01 finally forced out of scheduled services in the GDR.
Rebuilds 1950 to 1957 (DB)
In 1950 and 1951, the Deutsche BundesbahnDeutsche Bundesbahn
The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany on September 7, 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft '...
converted locomotives 01 042, 01 046, 01 112, 01 154 and 01 192. They were enhanced with a Heinl mixer preheater by Henschel and a turbo feed pump. In addition combustion chamber
Combustion chamber
A combustion chamber is the part of an engine in which fuel is burned.-Internal combustion engine:The hot gases produced by the combustion occupy a far greater volume than the original fuel, thus creating an increase in pressure within the limited volume of the chamber...
s were installed in the boiler
Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.-Materials:...
s. Finally the conversion was rounded off with the replacement of the original smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a steam locomotive on each side of the smokebox. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility unimpaired by drifting smoke....
by Witte deflectors, which in spite of their considerably smaller size were just as effective as their larger predecessors. Four of the five modified locomotives remained in service until 1968.
Rebuilds 1957 to 1961 (New DB Boiler)
From 1957 the Deutsche Bundesbahn rebuilt a further 50 vehicles. These engines were given welded, high performance, steam boilers, which had already been used on the DRG Class 01.10DRG Class 01.10
The locomotives of DRB Class 01.10 were standard locomotives used for express train services by the Deutsche Reichsbahn...
. In addition a new mixer preheater system was installed in the smokebox and numerous friction bearings were replaced by roller bearings. Changes to the cylinder block, running board, a shorter chimney, front apron (Frontschürze) and locomotive frame
Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork. The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind...
, as well as the missing feedwater dome, all gave the locomotives an different external appearance.
DR Reko Locomotive 01.5
From 1962, the Reichsbahn repair shop (Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk) at Meiningen
Meiningen
Meiningen is a town in Germany - located in the southern part of the state of Thuringia and is the district seat of Schmalkalden-Meiningen. It is situated on the river Werra....
rebuilt 35 Class 01 engines for the DR under the direction of the research and trials division VES-M Halle
VES-M Halle
The Versuchs- und Entwicklungsstelle Maschinenwirtschaft in Halle, Germany, was a railway research and development department working for the engineering head office of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany after the Second World War...
. Like the DB, they selected only those locomotives with more powerful brakes (from 01 102). All these locos were fitted with new Witte smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors
Smoke deflectors are vertical plates attached to the front of a steam locomotive on each side of the smokebox. They are designed to lift smoke away from the locomotive at speed so that the driver has better visibility unimpaired by drifting smoke....
with tapered edges, a new driver's cab and a new boiler, positioned higher on the frame. The boiler had a combustion chamber, a mixer preheater and a continuous cover for the dome.
Preserved Locomotives
Operational Locomotives
Only a few locomotives of the original design have been preserved unchanged over the course of time.Of the two-cylinder Class 01 engines, the following are currently operational:
- 01 118, built in 1934, is the only one to have been operational without interruption until today. After the war it was in service with the DR; since 1981 it has belonged to the Frankfurt Historical Railway (Historische Eisenbahn Frankfurt). From its base in Frankfurt Osthafen it is regularly used for museum services, including on the Frankfurt Harbour Railway (Frankfurter Hafenbahn).
- Another operational locomotive of this class is 01 066, built in 1928 by SchwartzkopffBerliner MaschinenbauBerliner Maschinenbau AG was a German manufacturer of locomotives.The factory was founded by Louis Victor Robert Schwartzkopff on 3 October 1852 as Eisengießerei und Maschinen-Fabrik von L. Schwartzkopff in Berlin ....
and which was on duty with the Deutsche Reichsbahn until 1977. Thereafter it was used as a heating engine until 1989 in the VEB Genthin washing powder factory in NauenNauenNauen is a town in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 38 km west of Berlin and 26 km northwest of Potsdam.-History:...
. The Bavarian Railway MuseumBavarian Railway MuseumThe Bavarian Railway Museum is a railway museum based in the old locomotive sheds at Nördlingen station in Bavaria, Germany. It is home to more than 100 original railway vehicles and has been located in the depot at Nördlingen since 1985.- History of the locomotive shed :The shed, itself, has a...
in NördlingenNördlingenNördlingen is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20,000. It is located in the middle of a complex meteorite crater, called the Nördlinger Ries. The town was also the place of two battles during the Thirty Years' War...
rebuilt the partly preserved locomotive in the Meiningen Steam Locomotive WorksMeiningen Steam Locomotive WorksThe Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works is a railway repair shop in Meiningen, Germany. It is owned by Deutsche Bahn and has specialised in the maintenance of museum steam locomotives since 1990, having extensive experience in maintaining steam engines. Today, customers of the factory include...
from individual components from other locomotives, including those of other classes – and put it back in service in summer 1993. - The third operational locomotive is 01 202, that is worked by the Verein Pacific 01 202 in Switzerland. This loco was last in service with the DB and had Witte smoke deflectors. It has retained its original boiler, but lost the front apron. After its retirement in 1975, the egnine was rebuilt again over 20 years with great initiative and made operational again. It was given a red livery stripe on the tender at the height of the running plate.
- Locomotive 01 116, which was built in 1934 with factory no. 1413 by KruppKruppThe Krupp family , a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th...
and rebuilt in 1964/65 at RAW Meiningen, runs today as 01 533 with ÖGEG in AustriaAustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
.
Non-Operational Locomotives
In addition there are several Class 01 and 01.5 locomotives that have been preserved as non-operational exhibits:- 01 005 – Dresden Transport MuseumDresden Transport MuseumThe Dresden Transport Museum displaysvehicles of all modes of transport, such as railway, shipping, road and air traffic, under one roof.The museum is housed in the Johanneum at the Neumarkt in Dresden, Germany...
, ex-DR, largely in original configuration - 01 008 – Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum (the first 01 in service), in DB configuration (Witte smoke deflectors, original boiler)
- 01 111 – German Steam Locomotive MuseumGerman Steam Locomotive MuseumThe German Steam Locomotive Museum or DDM is located at the foot of the famous Schiefe Ebene ramp on the Ludwig South-North Railway in Neuenmarkt, Upper Franconia. This region is in northern Bavaria, Germany...
NeuenmarktNeuenmarktNeuenmarkt is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany.-City arrangement:Neuenmarkt is arranged in the following boroughs:...
(not operational), largely in original configuration - 01 137 – DB Museum locomotive, largely in original configuration
- 01 150 – DB Museum locomotive, in DB configuration (Witte smoke deflectors, original boiler; am 17 October 2005 badly damaged by the fire at Nuremberg/Gostenhof depot. An optical refurbishment is planned by DB AG; full operational restoration will need further donations. More details are at Railway donations Joachim Schmidt.)
- 01 164 – German Steam Locomotive MuseumGerman Steam Locomotive MuseumThe German Steam Locomotive Museum or DDM is located at the foot of the famous Schiefe Ebene ramp on the Ludwig South-North Railway in Neuenmarkt, Upper Franconia. This region is in northern Bavaria, Germany...
NeuenmarktNeuenmarktNeuenmarkt is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany.-City arrangement:Neuenmarkt is arranged in the following boroughs:...
, in DB configuration (Witte smoke deflectors, original boiler) - 01 173 – Privately owned, on loan to the Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin, in DB configuration (Witte smoke deflectors, original boiler)
- 01 204 – Privately owned, largely in original configuration
- 01 220 – Monument locomotive in TreuchtlingenTreuchtlingenTreuchtlingen is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany.-Geography:Treuchtlingen is situated on the river Altmühl, 9 km southwest of Weißenburg in Bayern, and 45 km northeast of Donauwörth...
, DB Museum locomotive, in DB configuration (Witte smoke deflectors, new DB boiler) - 01 509 (ex 01 143) - Ulm Railway Friends (oil-fired, currently in for repairs at Meiningen Steam Locomotive WorksMeiningen Steam Locomotive WorksThe Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works is a railway repair shop in Meiningen, Germany. It is owned by Deutsche Bahn and has specialised in the maintenance of museum steam locomotives since 1990, having extensive experience in maintaining steam engines. Today, customers of the factory include...
due to boiler damage. - 01 514 (ex 01 208) - Technik Museum SpeyerTechnik Museum SpeyerThe Technik Museum Speyer is a technology museum in Speyer , Germany.- History :The museum was opened in 1991 as a daughter of the Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum and is run by a registered alliance called "Auto & Technik Museum Sinsheim e.V.". , it has more than 2,000 exhibits and an exhibition...
- 01 519 (ex 01 186) - Eisenbahnfreunde Zollernbahn
- 01 531 (ex 01 158) - Nuremberg Transport MuseumNuremberg Transport MuseumThe Nuremberg Transport Museum is based in Nuremberg, Germany, and consists of the Deutsche Bahn's own DB Museum and the Museum of Communications . It also has two satellite museums at Koblenz-Lützel and Halle...
; museum loco at ArnstadtArnstadtArnstadt is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, situated on the Gera River. It is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia and is nicknamed Das Tor zum Thüringer Wald, The Gate to the Thuringian Forest....
locomotive depot, currently not operational.
PC Games
The engine is featured in the 2006 PC game, Sid Meier's Railroads!Sid Meier's Railroads!
Sid Meier's Railroads! is a business simulation game developed by Sid Meier on the Gamebryo game engine that was released in October 2006 and is the sequel to Railroad Tycoon 3. Although Sid Meier created the original Railroad Tycoon, subsequent versions were developed by PopTop Software...
, as an engine available for purchase in German scenario, albeit missing a tender and several key details.
Literature
- Manfred Weisbrod, Wolfgang Petznick: Baureihe 01. Transpress, 3. Auflage, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-344-70769-8
- Gustav Nagel: Dampf, letzter Akt. 1962: Die Rekonstruktion der Baureihe 01 beginnt. In: LOK MAGAZIN. Nr. 248/Jahrgang 41/2002. GeraNova Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH München, , S. 92-95.
- Peter Melcher: Vom Winde verweht ... . Abschied von der DB-01. In: LOK MAGAZIN. Nr. 263/Jahrgang 42/2003. GeraNova Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH München, , S. 104-111.
- Konrad Koschinski: Legendäre Baureihe 01. Verlagsgruppe Bahn, 2006 (Eisenbahn-Journal : Sonderausgabe 2006,2). ISBN 3-89610-156-0
See also
External links
- There is a relevant English-language forum at Railways of Germany