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Circassia, also known as Cherkessia in Russian, is a region in Caucasia
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
. Historically it comprised the southern half of the current Krasnodar Territory
Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in the Southern Federal District....
 and most of the interior of the current Stavropol Territory
Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Stavropol....
, but now only refers to a portion of the Karachay-Cherkessia
Karachay-Cherkessia

Karachay-Cherkess Republic , or Karachay-Cherkessia is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the republic's Russian name is Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika or Karachayevo-Cherkessiya....
 Republic, Adyghe
Adyghe

The Adyghe or Adygs are a people of the northwest Caucasus region, principally inhabiting Adygeya and Karachay-Cherkessia . Shapsug National District, an autonomous district founded for Shapsigh tribe living on the Black Sea coast was abolished in 1943....
 Republic and Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic , or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located in the North Caucasus. The direct Romanization of Russian of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya....
 Republic of the Russian Federation. The historical region is named after the traditional inhabitants, the Circassians
Circassians

Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic languages Cherkess and is not the self-designation of any people. It has sometimes been applied indiscriminately to all the peoples of the North Caucasus, including the Mamluks....
 (they prefer Adyghe or Adiga).

After the fall of the whole of Circassia to the Russians, and due to the Russian Massacres of the Circassian tribes in 1864, 90% of the survivors of these tribes were forced to leave Circassia for the Ottoman Empire, along with their brothers in faith such as Chechens, Dagistans, Balqars, etc.






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Circassia, also known as Cherkessia in Russian, is a region in Caucasia
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
. Historically it comprised the southern half of the current Krasnodar Territory
Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in the Southern Federal District....
 and most of the interior of the current Stavropol Territory
Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Stavropol....
, but now only refers to a portion of the Karachay-Cherkessia
Karachay-Cherkessia

Karachay-Cherkess Republic , or Karachay-Cherkessia is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the republic's Russian name is Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika or Karachayevo-Cherkessiya....
 Republic, Adyghe
Adyghe

The Adyghe or Adygs are a people of the northwest Caucasus region, principally inhabiting Adygeya and Karachay-Cherkessia . Shapsug National District, an autonomous district founded for Shapsigh tribe living on the Black Sea coast was abolished in 1943....
 Republic and Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic , or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located in the North Caucasus. The direct Romanization of Russian of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya....
 Republic of the Russian Federation. The historical region is named after the traditional inhabitants, the Circassians
Circassians

Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic languages Cherkess and is not the self-designation of any people. It has sometimes been applied indiscriminately to all the peoples of the North Caucasus, including the Mamluks....
 (they prefer Adyghe or Adiga).

After the fall of the whole of Circassia to the Russians, and due to the Russian Massacres of the Circassian tribes in 1864, 90% of the survivors of these tribes were forced to leave Circassia for the Ottoman Empire, along with their brothers in faith such as Chechens, Dagistans, Balqars, etc. These massacres are considered the ugliest human genocide against Circassian/Adyghe people in the 18th-19th Centuries. As a result of the massacres the Circassians became a minority in their historical land Circassia
Circassia

Circassia, also known as Cherkessia in Russian, is a region in Caucasus. Historically it comprised the southern half of the current Krasnodar Krai and most of the interior of the current Stavropol Krai, but now only refers to a portion of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, Adyghe Republic and Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of the Russian...
.

A larger population of Circassians now lives in the tiny Republic of Adygea
Adygea

The Republic of Adygea is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. Its size is 7,600 km? with a population of almost 450,000....
 of the Russian Federation
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 which is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia , located in the Southern Federal District....
.

The Circassian diaspora is a community of people (and their descendants) who were expelled from historical Circassia in the late 19th century after a series of uprisings
Russian-Circassian War

The Russian-Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864....
 against Russian Imperial rule. They are found in various areas of the old Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
, including Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
, Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
, Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, Lebanon
Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
, Kosovo
Kosovo

Kosovo is a disputed region in the Balkans. Its majority is governed by the partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo . Serbia does not recognise the secession of Kosovo and considers it a United Nations-governed entity within its sovereign territory, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija that was re-created by Slobodan M...
 (until they were repatriated in 1998, after receiving threats from the ethnic Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army
Kosovo Liberation Army

The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA was a Kosovar Albanians guerilla group which sought the independence of Kosovo from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s....
), Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
 (Circassians were part of the Mamluk
Mamluk

A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....
 armies), and Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
 (in the villages of Kfar Kama and Rehaniya
Rehaniya

Rehaniya is a Circassian village about 8 km north of Safed in northern Israel. It belongs to the Merom HaGalil Regional Council....
, since 1880), and even as far afield as Upstate New York
Upstate New York

Upstate New York is the region of New York north of the core of the New York metropolitan area. It has a population of 7,121,911 out of New York State's total 18,976,457....
 and New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, and Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 (Germany and Netherlands).

See also

  • Circassians
    Circassians

    Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic languages Cherkess and is not the self-designation of any people. It has sometimes been applied indiscriminately to all the peoples of the North Caucasus, including the Mamluks....
  • Circassian beauties
    Circassian beauties

    Circassian beauties were women of the Circassians of the Caucasus mountain range in Circassia, Northern Caucasus. A fairly extensive literary history suggests that Circassian women were unusually beautiful, spirited and elegant, and as such were desirable as slave concubines....