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The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (; Kabardian
Kabardian language

The Kabardian language is closely related to the Adyghe language , both members of the Northwest Caucasian languages family. It is spoken mainly in the Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and in Turkey and the Middle East ....
: ?????????-???????? ??????????; Balkar: ????????-??????? ??????????), or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 (a republic
Republics of Russia

The Russia is divided into 83 federal subjects of Russia , 21 of which are republics. The republics represent areas of non-Russian ethnicity....
) located in the North Caucasus
North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia....
. The direct romanization
Romanization of Russian

Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliteration the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in the alphabet of one's own language....
 of the republic's name in the Russian language
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.

republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

Time zone
Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone
Moscow Time

Moscow Time is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second westernmost of the 11 Time in Russia....
 (MSK/MSD).






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The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (; Kabardian
Kabardian language

The Kabardian language is closely related to the Adyghe language , both members of the Northwest Caucasian languages family. It is spoken mainly in the Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and in Turkey and the Middle East ....
: ?????????-???????? ??????????; Balkar: ????????-??????? ??????????), or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 (a republic
Republics of Russia

The Russia is divided into 83 federal subjects of Russia , 21 of which are republics. The republics represent areas of non-Russian ethnicity....
) located in the North Caucasus
North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia....
. The direct romanization
Romanization of Russian

Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliteration the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in the alphabet of one's own language....
 of the republic's name in the Russian language
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.

Geography

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.
  • Area:
  • Borders:
    • internal: Stavropol Krai
      Stavropol Krai

      Stavropol Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia of Stavropol....
       (N/NE), Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
      North Ossetia-Alania

      The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Russian name of the republic is Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya....
       (E/SE/S), Karachay-Cherkess Republic
      Karachay-Cherkessia

      Karachay-Cherkess Republic , or Karachay-Cherkessia is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the republic's Russian name is Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika or Karachayevo-Cherkessiya....
       (W/NW)
    • international: Georgia
      Georgia (country)

      Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
       (S/SW)
  • Highest point: Mount Elbrus
    Mount Elbrus

    Mount Elbrus is a volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia , in the northern Iranian plateau....
     (5,642 m)
  • Maximum N->S distance:
  • Maximum E->W distance:


Time zone


Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone
Moscow Time

Moscow Time is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second westernmost of the 11 Time in Russia....
 (MSK/MSD). UTC
Coordinated Universal Time

Coordinated Universal Time is a time standard based on International Atomic Time with leap seconds added at irregular intervals to compensate for the Earth's slowing rotation....
 offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Rivers

Major rivers include:
  • Terek River (623 km)
  • Malka River
    Malka River

    Malka River , also known as Balyksu River , is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, Terek's left tributary. The length of the river is 210 km....
     (216 km)
  • Baksan River
    Baksan River

    Baksan River, also known as Azau is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, a right tributary of the Malka River . The length of the Baksan is 173 km, the area of its drainage basin is 6,800 sq km....
     (173 km)
  • Urukh River
    Urukh River

    Urukh River, known as Kharves in its upper reaches , is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, a left tributary of the Terek River. The length of the Urukh is 104 km, the area of its drainage basin is 1280 sq km....
     (104 km)
  • Chegem River (102 km)
  • Cherek River
    Cherek River

    Cherek River is a river in Kabardino-Balkaria in Russia, a right tributary of the Baksan River . The length of the Cherek is 76 km, the area of its drainage basin is 3070 sq km....
     (76 km)
  • Argudan River
  • Kurkuzhin River
  • Lesken River


Lakes

Kabardino Balkaria Map
There are around one hundred lakes in the Republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than . Some of the lakes are:
  • Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 mē; depth 368 m)
  • Lower Goluboye Lake
  • Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
  • Upper Goluboye Lake (depth 18 m)
  • Sekretnoye Lake
  • Tambukan Lake
    Tambukan Lake

    Tambukan Lake is a lake with bitter-salt water on Northern Caucasus in Stavropol Krai and the Karachay-Cherkessia of Russia, located eight kilometers from Pyatigorsk....
     (area 1.77 kmē; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.


Mountains

  • Mount Elbrus
    Mount Elbrus

    Mount Elbrus is a volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia , in the northern Iranian plateau....
    ,     the highest peak and volcano mountain of the Europe
    Europe

    Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
     and Caucasus
    Caucasus

    The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
    , is located in the republic.
Other major mountains include:
  • Mount Dykhtau
    Dykh-Tau

    Dykh-Tau or Dykhtau , is a mountain located in Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia; its peak stands about 5 km north of the border with Georgia ....
     (5,402 m)
  • Mount Koshkhatau
    Koshtan-Tau

    Koshtan-Tau , is the highest peak of the Koshtan massif of the central Caucasus Mountains in the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of Russia, near the border with Georgia ....
     (5,151 m)
  • Mount Shkhara
    Shkhara

    Shkhara is the highest point in the nation of Georgia . Located in the Svaneti region along the Russian frontier, Shkhara lies north of the city of Kutaisi, Georgia's second largest city....
     (5,068 m)
  • Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
  • Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)


Natural resources

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum
Molybdenum

Molybdenum , is a Group 6 element chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. It has the List of elements by melting point melting point of any element....
, tungsten
Tungsten

Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element that has the symbol W and atomic number 74.A steel-gray metal, tungsten is found in several ores, including wolframite and scheelite....
 ores, and coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
.

Climate

The republic has a continental type climate.
  • Average January temperature: (plains) to (mountains).
  • Average July temperature: (plains) to (mountains)
  • Average annual precipitation
    Precipitation (meteorology)

    File:MeanMonthlyP.gifIn meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of Atmosphere water vapor that is deposited on the earth's surface....
    : 500-2,000 mm.


Administrative divisions


Demographics

  • Population: 901,494 (2002)
    • Urban: 510,346 (56.6%)
    • Rural: 391,148 (43.4%)
    • Male: 422,720 (46.9%)
    • Female: 478,774 (53.1%)
  • Females per 1000 males: 1,133
  • Average age: 30.9 years
    • Urban: 32.4 years
    • Rural: 29.0 years
    • Male: 29.1 years
    • Female: 32.8 years
  • Number of households: 227,922 (with 891,783 people)
    • Urban: 144,872 (with 504,085 people)
    • Rural: 83,050 (with 387,698 people)
  • Vital statistics (2005)
    • Births: 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)
    • Deaths: 9,034 (death rate 10.1)
  • Ethnic groups
Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabard
Kabard

Kabarda or Kabard are terms referring to a people of the northern Caucasus more commonly known by the plural term Kabardin . Originally they comprised the semi-nomadic eastern branch of what was once the Adyghe people tribal fellowship....
in (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language
Northwest Caucasian languages

The Northwest Caucasian languages, also called Pontic, Circassian, or Abkhaz-Adyghe, are a group of languages spoken in the Caucasus region, chiefly in Russia , Georgia , and Turkey, with smaller communities scattered throughout the Middle East....
) and the other predominantly Balkars
Balkars

The Balkars are a Turkic people of the Caucasus region, the titular population of Kabardino-Balkaria. Their Karachay-Balkar language is of the Ponto-Caspian subgroup of the Northwestern group of Turkic languages....
 (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians
Ossetians

The Ossetians are an Iranian peoples ethnic group indigenous peoples to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains. The Ossetians mostly populate North Ossetia-Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia a large part of which is now de facto independent....
 (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks
Turkish people

The Turkish people , also known as "Turks" are defined mainly as citizens of the Republic of Turkey. An early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." This ideal...
 (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians
Armenians

The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
 (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans
Korean people

The Korean people are an ethnic group originating in East Asia. Most Koreans speak the Korean language....
 (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
census 1926 census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002
Kabardins 122,402 (60.0%) 152,237 (42.4%) 190,284 (45.3%) 264,675 (45.0%) 303,604 (45.5%) 364,494 (48.2%) 498,702 (55.3%)
Balkars
Balkars

The Balkars are a Turkic people of the Caucasus region, the titular population of Kabardino-Balkaria. Their Karachay-Balkar language is of the Ponto-Caspian subgroup of the Northwestern group of Turkic languages....
 33,197 (16.3%) 40,747 (11.3%) 34,088 (8.1%) 51,356 (8.7%) 59,710 (9.0%) 70,793 (9.4%) 104,951 (11.6%)
Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 15,344 (7.5%) 129,067 (35.9%) 162,586 (38.7%) 218,595 (37.2%) 234,137 (35.1%) 240,750 (31.9%) 226,620 (25.1%)
Ossetians
Ossetians

The Ossetians are an Iranian peoples ethnic group indigenous peoples to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains. The Ossetians mostly populate North Ossetia-Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia a large part of which is now de facto independent....
 4,078 (2.0%) 4,608 (1.3%) 6,442 (1.5%) 9,167 (1.6%) 9,710 (1.5%) 9,996 (1.3%) 9,845 (1.1%)
Ukrainians
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 17,213 (8.4%) 11,142 (3.1%) 8,400 (2.0%) 10,620 (1.8%) 12,139 (1.8%) 12,826 (1.7%) 7,592 (0.8%)
Others 11,772 (5.8%) 21,328 (5.9%) 18,315 (4.4%) 33,790 (5.7%) 47,246 (7.1%) 55,672 (7.4%) 53,784 (6.0%)


History


Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov
Arsen Kanokov

Arsen Bashirovich Kanokov is the president of the Kabardino-Balkaria republic in Russia.Kanokov was born in Shitkhala, Kabardino-Balkaria. He became a successful businessman in Moscow and a doctor of Economics....
, who has held the position since September 2005.

The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.

The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.

Economy

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
, with lumber production and mining
Mining

Mining is the extraction of value minerals or other geology materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein or seam. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, Sodium chloride and potash....
. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.

See also

  • Caucasian Avars
    Caucasian Avars

    Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. The Caucasian Avar language belongs to the Northeast Caucasian languages family ....
  • Bulgars
    Bulgars

    The Bulgars were a seminomadic people, probably of Turkic peoples descent, originally from Southern Central Asia, who from the 2nd century onwards dwelled in the steppes north of the Caucasus and around the banks of river Volga ....
  • Mount Imeon
    Mount Imeon

    Mount Imeon is an ancient name for the Central Asian complex of mountain ranges comprising the present Hindu Kush, Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan, extending from the Zagros Mountains in the southwest to the Altay Mountains in the northeast, and linked to the Kunlun Mountains, Karakoram and Himalayas to the southeast....


Sources


External links