Saadat Khan
Encyclopedia
Saadat Ali Khan (b. c. 1680 – d. 19 March 1739)
was the Subahdar Nawab
of Awadh
from 26 January 1722 to 1739, and the son of Muhammad Nasir. At the age of 25 he accompanied his father Muhammad Nasir and joined the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
against the Maratha
in the Deccan, where the Mughal Emperor honorably awarded him the title Khan Bahadur for his steadfast services.
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337 His grandfather a wealthy merchant migrated to India
during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
. Saadat Ali Khan I's father became a very prominent official during the rule of Bahadur Shah I
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337He is the progenitor of the Nawabs of Awadh.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
's reign he held the faujdari (garrison commander) of Bayana
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 336He was given the title of "Sadat Khan Bahadur".He was made governor of Agra
on Oct 15, 1720 AD.He was given the title of "Captain of the Imperial Body Guards" on Jan 12, 1721 AD..He was also made the governor of Awadh and the army-in-charge of Gorakhpur
on Sep 9, 1722 AD, with the title of Sa'adat Khan in place of Raja Girdhar who was appointed governor of Malwa.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
Awadh under him included five districts Khalilabad, Faizabad
, Gorakhpur
, Bahraich
and Lucknow
. Boundaries of Oudh stretched to Himalayan hills in north, Bihar
in east, in south unto Kara-Manikpur
of Allahabad
province and in west unto Kannauj
. From Gorakhpur to Kannauj 270 miles long and from northern hills to Kara-Manikpur
the province was 230 miles wide, totaling to 1,01,71,080 Bigha
in area.
Local king
s, zamindar
s and jagirdars have created mismanagement and destroyed the peace of the area since the reign of Aurangzeb
, specially the Sheikh Zadas. Sadat Khan tamed them, made his own palace near Ayodhya, and founded a new city Faizabad
, which became the capital of the new government. Due to his management policy state's income rose from Rupees 70 lakhs to 2 crores. Muhammad Shah
was very pleased with his service and gave him the title of "Burhan-ul-Mulk".
Sa'adat Khan enlarged the state boundary on eastern front by taking Banaras, Jaunpur
, Ghazipur
and Chunar
under his control from Jagirdar Murtaza Khan in 1728 AD.
He was one of the commanding Mughal generals in the Battle of Karnal
against Nadir Shah.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337Sa'adat Khan was captured during the battle and died on the night prior to the massacre of Delhi
by Nadir Shah on the March 19, 1739. He was buried at Delhi
in the mausoleum of his brother Sayadat Khan.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
the son of Sayadat Khan who succeeded him in the government of Awadh
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
was the Subahdar Nawab
Nawab of Awadh
The Nawab of Awadh is the title of rulers who governed the state of Awadh in India in the 18th and 19th century. The Nawabs of Awadh originated form Persia-Establishment:...
of Awadh
Awadh
Awadh , also known in various British historical texts as Oudh or Oude derived from Ayodhya, is a region in the centre of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh...
from 26 January 1722 to 1739, and the son of Muhammad Nasir. At the age of 25 he accompanied his father Muhammad Nasir and joined the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
against the Maratha
Maratha
The Maratha are an Indian caste, predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. The term Marāthā has three related usages: within the Marathi speaking region it describes the dominant Maratha caste; outside Maharashtra it can refer to the entire regional population of Marathi-speaking people;...
in the Deccan, where the Mughal Emperor honorably awarded him the title Khan Bahadur for his steadfast services.
Life
Sa'adat Khan was born Muhammad Amin Musawi the son of Muhammad Nasir Musawi a Shia Muslim merchant of KhurasanGreater Khorasan
Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337 His grandfather a wealthy merchant migrated to India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan, , Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592 – January 22, 1666) (Full title: His Imperial Majesty Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan...
. Saadat Ali Khan I's father became a very prominent official during the rule of Bahadur Shah I
Bahadur Shah I
Bahadur Shah was a Mughal Emperor, who ruled India from 1707 to 1712. His original name was Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam later titled as Shah Alam by his father. He took the throne name Bahadur Shah in 1707. His name Bahādur means "brave" & "hero" in Turko-Mongol languages...
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337He is the progenitor of the Nawabs of Awadh.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
Career
At the commencement of the emperor Muhammad ShahMuhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah also known as Roshan Akhtar, was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. Ascending the throne at 17 with the help of the Sayyid Brothers, he later got rid of them with the help of Nizam-ul-Mulk Chin...
's reign he held the faujdari (garrison commander) of Bayana
Bayana
Bayana is a historical town in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. It is a historical city founded by Banasur, who was an Asura. He lived during the time of Krishna...
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 336He was given the title of "Sadat Khan Bahadur".He was made governor of Agra
Agra
Agra a.k.a. Akbarabad is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, west of state capital, Lucknow and south from national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 , it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most...
on Oct 15, 1720 AD.He was given the title of "Captain of the Imperial Body Guards" on Jan 12, 1721 AD..He was also made the governor of Awadh and the army-in-charge of Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near the border with Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. Gorakhpur is one of the proposed capitals of the Purvanchal state which is yet to be formed...
on Sep 9, 1722 AD, with the title of Sa'adat Khan in place of Raja Girdhar who was appointed governor of Malwa.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
Awadh under him included five districts Khalilabad, Faizabad
Faizabad
City of Faizabad , previous capital of Awadh, is the headquarters of Faizabad District and a municipal board in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of river Ghaghra . Faizabad has a twin city of Ayodhya, which is considered to be the birthplace of Rama...
, Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near the border with Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. Gorakhpur is one of the proposed capitals of the Purvanchal state which is yet to be formed...
, Bahraich
Bahraich
Bahraich is a city and a municipal board in Bahraich district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located on the Saryu River, a tributary of river Ghaghra, Bahraich is 125 km north-east of Lucknow, the state capital. The towns of Barabanki, Gonda, Balrampur, Lakhimpur and Sitapur share...
and Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
. Boundaries of Oudh stretched to Himalayan hills in north, Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
in east, in south unto Kara-Manikpur
Manikpur, Uttar Pradesh
Manikpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Pratapgarh district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.Now the name of Manikpur town has been changed, new name is Garhi Manikpur...
of Allahabad
Allahabad
Allahabad , or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughals from the ancient name of Prayaga , and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh,...
province and in west unto Kannauj
Kannauj
Kannauj , also spelt Kanauj, is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is traditionally derived from the term Kanyakubja . Kannauj is an ancient city, in earlier times the capital...
. From Gorakhpur to Kannauj 270 miles long and from northern hills to Kara-Manikpur
Kara-Manikpur
Kara-Manikpur was a subah in medieval India. It was constituted of two strongholds of Kara and Manikpur, on the opposite side of the river Ganges.In 1193 Qutb-ud-din Aibak created the subah of Kara-Manikpur with its headquarters at Kara...
the province was 230 miles wide, totaling to 1,01,71,080 Bigha
Bigha
The bigha is a unit of measurement of area of a land, commonly used in Nepal, Bangladesh and in a few states of India including Uttaranchal, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat, Rajasthan etc. The precise size of a bigha appears to vary considerably...
in area.
Local king
King
- Centers of population :* King, Ontario, CanadaIn USA:* King, Indiana* King, North Carolina* King, Lincoln County, Wisconsin* King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin* King County, Washington- Moving-image works :Television:...
s, zamindar
Zamindar
A Zamindar or zemindar , was an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and ruled over and taxed the bhikaaris who lived on batavaslam. Over time, they took princely and royal titles such as Maharaja , Raja , Nawab , and Mirza , Chowdhury , among others...
s and jagirdars have created mismanagement and destroyed the peace of the area since the reign of Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
, specially the Sheikh Zadas. Sadat Khan tamed them, made his own palace near Ayodhya, and founded a new city Faizabad
Faizabad
City of Faizabad , previous capital of Awadh, is the headquarters of Faizabad District and a municipal board in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of river Ghaghra . Faizabad has a twin city of Ayodhya, which is considered to be the birthplace of Rama...
, which became the capital of the new government. Due to his management policy state's income rose from Rupees 70 lakhs to 2 crores. Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah also known as Roshan Akhtar, was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. Ascending the throne at 17 with the help of the Sayyid Brothers, he later got rid of them with the help of Nizam-ul-Mulk Chin...
was very pleased with his service and gave him the title of "Burhan-ul-Mulk".
Sa'adat Khan enlarged the state boundary on eastern front by taking Banaras, Jaunpur
Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.Jaunpur district is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. According to the 2001 census, Jaunpur district had a population...
, Ghazipur
Ghazipur
Ghazipur , or Ghazipur City, previously spelt Ghazeepore, is a city/town and a municipal corporation and headquarter of Ghazipur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghazipur Division and Sub-division...
and Chunar
Chunar
Chunar छुनर شُنَر, located in Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh state, India, is an ancient town. The railway tracks passing through Chunar leads to major destinations of India, including Howrah, Delhi, Tatanagar and Varanasi. National Highway number 7 also passes through Chunar...
under his control from Jagirdar Murtaza Khan in 1728 AD.
He was one of the commanding Mughal generals in the Battle of Karnal
Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal , was a decisive victory for Nader Shah the emperor of Persia during his invasion of India. Shah's forces defeated the army of Muhammad Shah, the Mughal emperor in little more than three hours thus paving the way for the Persian sack of Delhi...
against Nadir Shah.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337Sa'adat Khan was captured during the battle and died on the night prior to the massacre of Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
by Nadir Shah on the March 19, 1739. He was buried at Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
in the mausoleum of his brother Sayadat Khan.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337
Issue & successor
His only child was a daughter who was married to his nephew Muhammad Muqim better known as Abul Mansur Khan Safdar JungSafdarjung
Safdarjung was the Subadar Nawab of Oudh from 19 March 1739 to 5 October 1754.-Life:Safdarjung was born as Muhammad Muqim in Khurasan, Persia and migrated to India in 1722.-Career:...
the son of Sayadat Khan who succeeded him in the government of Awadh
Awadh
Awadh , also known in various British historical texts as Oudh or Oude derived from Ayodhya, is a region in the centre of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh...
.An oriental biographical dictionary: founded on materials collected by the late Thomas William Beale;2nd Edition; Publisher:W.H. Allen, 1894; page 337