Jaunpur is a city and a municipal board in
Jaunpur districtJaunpur is a district in the Varanasi Division of Uttar Pradesh state in India. Jaunpur serves as the district headquarters.-Geography:The district of Jaunpur is situated in the North-West part of Varanasi Division. Its land area extends from 24.240N to 26.120N latitude and between 82.70E and...
in the
IndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n
stateIndia is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of
Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
.
Jaunpur district is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. According to the 2001 census, Jaunpur district had a population of 3,911,678, with the urban area having accounting for 168,851 people. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the
PurvanchalPurvanchal is a geographic region of north-central India, which comprises the eastern end of Uttar Pradesh state...
area in which it is located: a primarily rural agricultural population with high illiteracy and low human development index.
History
Jaunpur's notable history dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his father,
Muhammad bin TughluqMuhammad bin Tughluq was the Turkic Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the eldest son of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq.He was born in Kotla Tolay Khan in Multan. His wife was daughter of the raja of Dipalpur...
, whose given name was Jauna Khan. In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.
The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the
Sultanate of BengalThe Sultanate of Bengal was a state that existed from the 14th through the 16th centuries. It was eventually absorbed into the Mughal fold. The Sultanate was ruled by a series of dynasties with both local and foreign origins.-Origins:...
under
Raja GaneshaRaja Ganesha was a Hindu ruler of Bengal, who overthrew the Ilyas dynasty rule from Bengal. The Indo-Persian historians of the medieval period considered him as an infidel usurper. The dynasty founded by him ruled over Bengal from 1415-1435. His name mentioned in the coins of his son, sultan...
.
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of
UrduUrdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between
MuslimA Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
s and
HinduHindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
s, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of
PersiansThe Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians and themselves part of...
or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the
LodhiLodhi is a Batani Pashtun tribe mainly found in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were part of a wave of Pashtuns who pushed east into what is today Pakistan. Often accompanying the Timurids who conquered South Asia, the Lodhi established themselves during the Islamic period as a Muslim ruling class...
s took the city, several important
mosqueA mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
s remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the
Gomti RiverThe Gomti, Gumti or Gomati River is a tributary of the Ganges River. According to Hindu mythology the river is the daughter of Sage Vashist, and bathing in the waters of the Gomati on Ekadashi can wash away one's sins...
in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the
MughalThe Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
emperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Quilla, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in ruined form.
Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the
ZamindarA Zamindar or zemindar , was an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and ruled over and taxed the bhikaaris who lived on batavaslam. Over time, they took princely and royal titles such as Maharaja , Raja , Nawab , and Mirza , Chowdhury , among others...
i system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt of 1857 the
SikhA Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by
GurkhaGurkha are people from Nepal who take their name from the Gorkha District. Gurkhas are best known for their history in the Indian Army's Gorkha regiments, the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas and the Nepalese Army. Gurkha units are closely associated with the kukri, a forward-curving Nepalese knife...
troops from
NepalNepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center.
Hasan khan
Modern day
Jaunpur district shares the underdevelopment of most of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. There are currently no major industries operating in the city, and traditional industries such as perfume making have become increasingly unviable. Under the initiative of the UP government, an Industrial Area has been set up in the Sathariya region of the district to promote industrial growth and expansion. Land is being allotted to budding industrialists and the government has plans to help people of this region develop more and more industries. During the past three years Jaunpur city has experienced a growing corporate presence in financial services as well as in the organized retail sector.
Atala mosque also provides a snake bite antidote service free of charge.
Politically, Jaunpur is divided between the
Samajwadi PartySamajwadi Party is a political party in India. It is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It describes itself as a democratic socialist party...
(SP) which tends to represent the interests of the Backward Castes and the
Bahujan Samaj PartyThe Bahujan Samaj Party is a centrist national political party in India with socialist leanings. It was formed to chiefly represent Bahujans , referring to people from the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes as well as Buddhists. The party claims to be inspired by the...
(BSP) which tends to represent the interests of the Scheduled Castes and Brahmins, though other political parties too have a significant presence.
Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 3
Lok SabhaThe Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India...
and 10
Vidhan SabhaThe Vidhan Sabha or the Legislative Assembly is the lower house or the sole house of the provincial legislature in the different states of India. The same name is also used for the lower house of the legislatures for two of the union territories, Delhi and Pondicherry...
constituencies.
Demographics
As of 2001 India
censusA census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Jaunpur had a population of 159,996. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jaunpur has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 58%. In Jaunpur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Rivers of Jaunpur
GomatiThe Gomti, Gumti or Gomati River is a tributary of the Ganges River. According to Hindu mythology the river is the daughter of Sage Vashist, and bathing in the waters of the Gomati on Ekadashi can wash away one's sins...
, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile. It is one of the most densely rural districts in UP.
Rail
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to
Indian RailwaysIndian Railways , abbreviated as IR , is a departmental undertaking of Government of India, which owns and operates most of India's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India....
, it has three major railway stations namely Jaunpur City Station (JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG).
MughalsaraiMughalsarai is a city and a municipal board in Chandauli district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Located around 10 km from Varanasi, it is an important railway junction of the Indian Railways. Once, it enjoyed the position of the largest railway marshalling yard of Asia...
,
Varanasi-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...
and
AllahabadAllahabad , or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughals from the ancient name of Prayaga , and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh,...
railway stations are also easily reachable from here,
GodaanGodaan The Gift of a Cow is a Hindi novel by Munshi Premchand.It was first published in 1936 and is considered one of the greatest Hindi-Urdu novels of modern Indian literature. Themed around the socio economic deprivation as well as the exploitation of the village poor, the novel was the last...
express is a daily train to
MumbaiMumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
(erstwhile Bombay) from JNU; Shramjeevi is daily train to Delhi.farraka and sadbhavana express are other trains which run on various days to delhi.
Road
Jaunpur is well connected to
LucknowLucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
,
Varanasi-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...
,
AllahabadAllahabad , or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughals from the ancient name of Prayaga , and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh,...
and other cities like
AzamgarhAzamgarh is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is headquarters of Azamgarh district and Azamgarh Division.-History:Azamgarh, one of the easternmost districts of the State, once formed a part of the ancient Kosala kingdom, except the north-eastern part of it which was included in the...
,
MirzapurMirzapur is a city in the heart of North India, nearly 650 km between Delhi and Kolkata and also equidistant from Allahabad and Varanasi. Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur has a population of a little over 205,264 and is renowned for its famous carpet and brassware industry...
,
BhadohiBhadohi is a city ,Lok Sabha constituency and a municipal board in Sant Ravidas Nagar district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Also known as the "Carpet City", as it is home to the largest hand-knotted carpet weaving industry hubs in South Asia...
, Janghai, Sultanpur,
GhazipurGhazipur , or Ghazipur City, previously spelt Ghazeepore, is a city/town and a municipal corporation and headquarter of Ghazipur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghazipur Division and Sub-division...
etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.
Air
Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport or Varanasi Airport(Babatpur) [(IATA: VNS)] is just 45-minute drive from Jaunpur city on NH-56 (National Highway - 56), numerous domestic and international flights are accessible.
Rulers
Sharqi Dynasty
- Malik Sarwar Khwaja-yi Jahan (1394–1399)
- Malik Qaranful Mubarrak Shah (1399–1401)
- Ibrahim Shams-ud-Din (1401–1440)
- Mahmud Shah (1440–1458)
- Mohammed Shah Bhikan Khan (1458)
- Husain Shah (1458–1483)
Educational institutes
Jaunpur has a very high concentration of colleges as compared to most other districts in U.P. It has more than 20 undergraduate colleges and 130 colleges up to high school. There are many major educational institutions in Jaunpur City which are famous throughout the nation. There is also a
Jawahar Navodaya VidyalayaJawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya known as JNV are Indian schools for talented children and form a part of the system of gifted education. The objectives of the scheme are to provide good quality modern education to the children predominantly from rural areas, without regard to their family's...
situated 21 km south from the district headquarter on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil.
SIDA (Satharia Industrial Development Authority)
Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
In its first phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres (2.1 km²) of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India.
Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 kV supply, post office, bank water supply, community center, shopping centre, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.
One of the three factory of Hawkins Cookers Ltd is also there in this industrial area.
Landmarks
There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur. Every year thousands of visitors come from every corner of the world to visit Jaunpur. The tourist attractions in Jaunpur include monuments, museums, and holy places.
The following are among the important landmarks of Jaunpur:
Monuments
- Shahi Bridge
Shahi Bridge or Munim Khan's Bridge or Akbari Bridge or Mughal Bridge or Jaunpur Bridge is a 16th century bridge over river Gomti in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.-Location:...
- Yamdagni Ashram
Bold textthis is very old river
Museums
- Archaeological Museum
- Botanical Museum
- Zoological Museum
- Geographical Museum
Holy places
- Atala Masjid, Jaunpur| Atala Masjid]
- Jami Masjid
Jama Masjid or Jami Masjid or Bari Masjid or Friday Mosque of Jaunpur is a 15th-century mosque in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India...
- Lal Darwaza Masjid
The city of Jaunpur, situated in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India is known for its mosques that have been the storehouses of history of Medieval India. Much of this recognition is due to Lal Darwaza Masjid in Jaunpur, India...
- Kadam Rasool
- Imambara
- Diyawan Mahadev Mandir
- Shitla Choukiya Dham
- Temple of Maihar Devi
- Temple of Sheetla Devi
- Trilochan Mahadev Temple
Theatres
- Uttam Talkies, Station Road, Jaunpur
- Ram Chitra Mandir, Sipah Road,Jaunpur
- LalJi Cinema, Jogiapur, Jaunpur
- Ashok Talkies, Fort Road Jaunpur
- Kewal Palace, Fort Road,Jaunpur
- Kamla Talkies,jahangeerabad, Jaunpur
- Cine max, Jaunpur
- pawan chitra mandir mariyahu jaunpur
- Girija Chitralay Janghai Jaunpur
Local products
- Imarti
Imarti is a dessert from Rajasthan made by deep-frying urad flour batter in a kind of pretzel or circular shape, then soaked in sugar syrup. It was one of the food items presented by Rajputs to Mughals during cultural exchanges. Imarti was considered one of the items of Raj Bhog...
, a sweet like jalebi-Further reading:*Epicure's Delectable Desserts of the World By Asha Khatau ISBN 81-7991-119-5...
made from uradVigna mungo, known as urad, urad dal, udad dal, urd bean, urd, urid, black matpe bean, black gram, black lentil [not to be confused with the much smaller true black lentil ], maas , đậu đen or white lentil, is a bean grown in southern Asia...
lentil
- Jaunpuri Mooli
The radish is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe, in pre-Roman times. They are grown and consumed throughout the world. Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in size, color and duration of required cultivation time...
, a daikonDaikon , Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, also called White Radish, Japanese radish, Oriental radish, Chinese radish, lo bok and Mooli , is a mild flavoured, very large, white East Asian radish...
(radish) that grow up to four feet long
- Dohara, an item similar to paan
Paan, from the word pān is an Indian, Pakistani, Uttarvarshi and Southeast Asian tradition of chewing betel leaf with areca nut and slaked lime paste, and katha brown powder paste, with many regional and local variations...
-masala made from supari (betel nutThe Areca nut is the seed of the Areca palm , which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as "betel nut" as it is often chewed wrapped in betel leaves.-Description:...
), kattha and opiumOpium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy . Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The latex also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine...
water
- Perfumes, or itra ( in Urdu)
Notable people
- Kripashankar Singh
Kripashankar Singh is an Indian politician with the Indian National Congress. He was a minister of state in the Maharashtra 2004 cabinet. He was involved in the Congress gains in Mumbai against Shiv Sena in the Maharashtra assembly elections, 2009...
, President Mumbai, INC
- Kunal Singh, Software Engineer, NIC Delhi
- Suresh Maurya, Software Engineer, General Electric Comapany, New Delhi
- Muhammad Jaunpuri Religious figure, revered by Mahdavia, zikris and some others groups as Imam Mahdi
- Lalji Singh
Lalji Singh is an Indian molecular biologist. He currently serves as the Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University and was the director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology before that...
, director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology or CCMB is a National level Research laboratory located in Hyderabad, India. CCMB is one of the constituent national laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR, the premier multidisciplinary Research & Development...
(CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Ravi Kishan
Ravi Kishan is an Indian film actor and television personality, who works in Hindi cinema and Bhojpuri cinema. In 2006, he participated in Bigg Boss, the Indian version of Big Brother.-Early life:...
BollywoodBollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai , Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes other production centers producing...
actor
- Dr. Ashfaq Ahmad Pruducer, Rajya Sabha TV New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
- {Dr. P.C.Vishwakarma (ex deen faculty of low v.b.b.s.university.jainpur)poet in urdu
- Aseem Machhali Shahari (Urdu Poet)
- Pt. Triloki Nath Misra (Advocate)
- Suresh Chandra Misra (Advocate)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh (Advocate), Badlapur
- Dr.Santosh singh yadav secretary Dhanvantari Hostel M.L.B.Medical college jhansi