Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (November 3, 1788 — April 11, 1851) was a Russian fleet

Naval fleet

A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land....
commander

Commander

Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the military, particularly in police and law enforcement....
and explorer, and Admiral

Admiral

Admiral is the military rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above Vice Admiral and below Admiral of the Fleet/Fleet Admiral....
(1843).

rev was a scion of the old Russian nobility from the Vladimir

Vladimir

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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (November 3, 1788 — April 11, 1851) was a Russian fleet

Naval fleet

A fleet, or naval fleet, is a large formation of warships, and the largest formation in any navy. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land....
commander

Commander

Admiral

Education and early career

Lazarev was a scion of the old Russian nobility from the Vladimir

Vladimir

Vladimir is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, located on the Klyazma River, to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway . It is the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast....
province . In 1800, he enrolled in Russia's Naval College. Three years later he was sent to the British

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
fleet, where he would stay for a continuous five-year navigation

Navigation

Navigation is the process of reading, and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks....
. From 1808 to 1813, Lazarev served in the Baltic Fleet

Baltic Fleet

The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet - , was the Imperial Russian Navy, later Soviet Navy, and is now the Russian Navy's presence in the Baltic Sea....
. He took part in the Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809 and Patriotic War of 1812.

Career as an explorer

Lazarev first circumnavigated

Circumnavigation

To circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship. More recently, the term has also been used to cover aerial round-the-world flights....
the globe

Globe

A globe is a three-dimensional scale Model of Earth or other spheroid celestial body such as a planet, star, or moon. It may also refer to a spherical representation of the celestial sphere, showing the apparent positions of the stars in the sky ...
in 1813-1816, aboard the vessel Suvorov; the expedition began at Kronstadt

Kronstadt

Kronstadt , also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt is a Russian seaport town, located on Kotlin Island, thirty kilometers west of Saint Petersburg near the head of the Gulf of Finland....
and reached Alaska

Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
. During this voyage, Lazarev discovered the Suvorov Atoll

Suwarrow

Suwarrow is a low coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is about 1,300 km south of the equator and 825 km northwest of Rarotonga, from which it is administered....
.

As a commander of the ship Mirny and Fabian von Bellingshausen's deputy on his world cruise in 1819-1821, Lazarev took part in the discovery of Antarctica

Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctica of the southern hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean....
and numerous islands. On January 28 1820 the expedition discovered the Antarctic mainland, approaching the Antarctic coast at the coordinates and seeing ice-fields there.

In 1822-1825, Lazarev circumnavigated the globe for the third time on his frigate

Frigate

A frigate is a warship. The term has been used for warships of many sizes and roles over the past few centuries.In the 18th century, the term referred to ships which were as long as a ship-of-the-line and were square rig on all three masts , but were faster and with lighter armament, used for patrolling and escort....
Kreyser, conducting broad research in the fields of meteorology

Meteorology

Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting . Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth century....
and ethnography

Ethnography

Ethnography is a genre of writing that uses fieldwork to provide a descriptive study of human societies. Ethnography presents the results of a holism research method founded on the idea that a system's properties cannot necessarily be accurately understood independently of each other....
.

Wartime commands

In 1826, Lazarev became commander of the ship Azov, which would sail to the Mediterranean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea or Ocean off the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia....
as a part of a squadron

Squadron

A squadron is a small military unit or formation of cavalry, Armoured forces, aircraft , or warships....
under command of Admiral

Admiral

Admiral is the military rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above Vice Admiral and below Admiral of the Fleet/Fleet Admiral....
Login Petrovich Geiden and participated in the Battle of Navarino

Battle of Navarino

The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence in Pylos, on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea....
in 1827. Lazarev received the rank

Military rank

Military rank is a system of hierarchy relationships in armed forces or civil institutions organized along military lines. Usually, uniforms denote the bearer's rank by particular insignia affixed to the uniforms....
of Rear Admiral

Rear Admiral

Rear Admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain , and below that of a Vice Admiral. It is the lowest form of Admiral....
for his excellence during the battle.

In 1828-1829, he was in charge of the Dardanelles

Dardanelles

.The Dardanelles , formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara....
blockade

Blockade

A blockade is an effort to cut off the communications of a particular area, by force. It is distinct from a siege in that a blockade is usually directed at an entire country or region, not a fortress or city....
.

In 1830, Lazarev returned to Kronstadt and became a commander of naval units of the Baltic Fleet

Baltic Fleet

The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet - , was the Imperial Russian Navy, later Soviet Navy, and is now the Russian Navy's presence in the Baltic Sea....
. Two years later, he was made Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet

Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet is a large sub-unit of the Russian Russian Navy, operating in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea since the late 18th century....
.

In February-June 1833, Lazarev led a Russian squadron to the Bosporus

Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus , also known as the Istanbul Strait , is a strait that forms the boundary between the European part of Turkey and its Asian part ....
and signed the Treaty of Hunkar-Iskelesi with Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
. In 1833, Lazarev was appointed Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, the Black Sea port

Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
s, and also military governor of Sevastopol

Sevastopol

Sevastopol is a port in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea peninsula. It has a population of 342,451 . The city, formerly the home of the Soviet Union Black Sea Fleet, is now a Ukrainian naval base mutually used by the Ukrainian Navy and Russian Navy....
and Nikolayev.

Influence and legacy

Admiral Lazarev was influential both in technical matters and as a mentor to younger officers. He advocated the creation of a steam-powered

Steam engine

File:Steam-powered fire engine.jpgA steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.Steam engines have a long history, going back at least 2000 years....
fleet, but Russia's technical and economical backwardness was a major hindrance to this. He also tutored a number of the Russian fleet commanders, including Pavel Nakhimov

Pavel Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov Born in the Gorodok village of Vyazma district of Smolensk region, Nakhimov entered the Naval Academy for the Nobility in Saint Petersburg in 1815....
, Vladimir Kornilov,Vladimir Istomin

Vladimir Istomin

Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin was a Russian rear admiral and hero of the Siege of Sevastopol .In 1827, Vladimir Istomin graduated from the Naval College....
, and Grigory Butakov.

An atoll

Atoll

An atoll is an island of coral that encircles a lagoon partially or completely....
in the Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
, capes

Headlands and bays

Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment....
in the Amur

Amur

The Amur River or Heilong Jiang is the Earth's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China....
estuary

Estuary

An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea....
and on the Unimak Island

Unimak Island

Unimak Island is the largest island in the Aleutian Islands chain of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is the easternmost island in the Aleutians and, with an area of 4,069.9 km? , the List of islands of the United States by area and the List of islands by area....
, an island in the Aral Sea

Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is a landlocked endorheic basin in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south....
, a bay

Bay

A bay is an area of water bordered by land on three sides. Bays generally have calm waters than the surrounding sea, due to the surrounding land blocking some ocean surface wave and often reducing winds....
and a port in the Sea of Japan

Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, bordered by Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Russia. It is referred to in North Korea as the Korea East Sea and in South Korea as the East Sea....
, a settlement near Sochi

Sochi

Sochi is a Russian resort types of inhabited localities in Russia, situated in Krasnodar Krai just north of the southern Russian border. It sprawls along the shores of the Black Sea and against the background of the snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains....
and other locations bear Lazarev's name.

Several ships were named after the Admiral:

A Light Cruiser ordered for the Imperial Navy in 1914, completed and renamed the Krasny Kavkaz
Krasny Kavkaz

Krasny Kavkaz was a USSR cruiser built during World War I....
after the revolution
A Sverdlov class cruiser
Sverdlov class cruiser

The Sverdlov class cruisers, Soviet designation Project 68B, were the last conventional cruisers built for the Soviet Navy; 13 ships were completed before Nikita Khrushchev called a halt to the programme as these ships were considered obsolescent with the advent of the guided missile....
built in the early 1950s
The Kirov class
Kirov class battlecruiser

The Kirov class battlecruisers are the largest and most powerful surface combatant warships in the Russian Navy and among the largest and most powerful in the world....
battlecruiser Frunze
Soviet battlecruiser Frunze

Admiral Lazarev is the second Kirov class battlecruiser. Until 1992 she was named Frunze after Bolshevik leader Mikhail Frunze; at that time she was renamed after Russian admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev....
was renamed Admiral Lazarev after the dissolution of the Soviet Union

A minor planet

Minor planet

An asteroid group or minor planet group is a population of minor planets that have a share broadly similar orbits. Members are generally unrelated to each other, unlike in an asteroid family, which often results from the break-up of a single asteroid....
3660 Lazarev

3660 Lazarev

3660 Lazarev is a Outer Main-belt Asteroid discovered on August 31, 1978 by N. Chernykh at Nauchnyj.External links ...
, discovered by Soviet

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh

Nikolay Stepanovich Chernykh was a Soviet Union, Lithuanian and Russia astronomer.Chernykh was born in the city of Usman' in Voronezh Oblast....
in 1978 is named after him.

External links

, attention - all dates there are Julian
Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC . It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus....