List of works for the stage by Wagner
Encyclopedia
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, theatre director, philosopher, music theorist, poet, essayist and writer primarily known for his operas...
's works for the stage, representing more than 50 years of creative life, comprise his thirteen completed operas and a similar number of failed or abandoned projects. His first effort, begun when he was thirteen, was a prose drama, Leubald
Leubald
Leubald was an attempt by the youthful Richard Wagner to write a tragic drama in the Shakespearean genre. It occupied him during the years 1827-28 while he was at school, first in Dresden and later in Leipzig. The play combines elements of Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Richard III, with...
, but thereafter all his works were conceived as some form of musical drama. It has been suggested that Wagner's wish to add incidental music to Leubald, in the manner of Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...
's treatment of Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, and science. His Faust has been called the greatest long...
's drama Egmont
Egmont (play)
Egmont is a play by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, which he completed in 1788. Its dramaturgical structure, like that of his earlier 'Storm and Stress' play Götz von Berlichingen , is heavily influenced by Shakespearean tragedy; in contrast, however, to the earlier work, the portrait in Egmont of the...
, may have been the initial stimulus that directed him to musical composition.
Wagner's musical education began in 1828, and a year later he was producing his earliest compositions, writing words and music, since lost, for his first opera attempt, Die Laune des Verliebten
Die Laune des Verliebten
Die Laune des Verliebten was Richard Wagner's first attempt at an opera project. Written in about 1830, when Wagner was 17, the libretto was based on a play of the same name by Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Wagner wrote a scene for three female voices and a tenor aria before abandoning the project...
. During the subsequent decade he began several more opera projects, none of which was successful although two were completed and one was staged professionally. His first commercial success came in 1842 with Rienzi
Rienzi
Rienzi, der Letzte der Tribunen is an early opera by Richard Wagner in five acts, with the libretto written by the composer after Bulwer-Lytton's novel of the same name . The title is commonly shortened to Rienzi...
, by which time he had completed Der fliegende Holländer
The Flying Dutchman (opera)
Der fliegende Holländer is an opera, with music and libretto by Richard Wagner.Wagner claimed in his 1870 autobiography Mein Leben that he had been inspired to write "The Flying Dutchman" following a stormy sea crossing he made from Riga to London in July and August 1839, but in his 1843...
, in which for the first time he used the device of the leitmotiv
Leitmotif
A leitmotif , sometimes written leit-motif, is a musical term , referring to a recurring theme, associated with a particular person, place, or idea. It is closely related to the musical idea of idée fixe...
, a characteristic that became a feature of all his later works.
After accepting the post of Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making. The word is a compound, consisting of the roots Kapelle and Meister . The words Kapelle and Meister derive from the Latin: capella and magister...
at the Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
court of the King of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II |Tyrol]], 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony --younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his...
in February 1843, Wagner continued to compose operas and plan various large-scale projects. His political activities forced him to flee the city in 1849, beginning a long period of exile. In Zürich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
, his first refuge, he wrote the essay Die Kunst und die Revolution ("Art and the Revolution"), in which he introduced the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk
Gesamtkunstwerk
A Gesamtkunstwerk is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so...
, or "drama-through-music". This idea was developed in the extended discourse Oper und Drama
Opera and Drama
"Opera and Drama" is a long essay written by Richard Wagner in 1851 setting out his ideas on the ideal characteristics of opera as an art form...
("Opera and Drama"), 1850–51. A different form of verse-setting, which Wagner termed Versmelodie, was proposed, in which the music would grow out of the verse, this unification overriding such traditional operatic considerations as display arias written as showcases for the talents of individual singers. According to Wagner historian Robert Gutman: "The orchestra with its many tongues would take over the traditional operatic tasks of the chorus". Beginning with Das Rheingold
Das Rheingold
is the first of the four operas that constitute Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen . It was originally written as an introduction to the tripartite Ring, but the cycle is now generally regarded as consisting of four individual operas.Das Rheingold received its premiere at the National Theatre...
(1853–54), the principles of Gesamtkunstwerk became the basis of all Wagner's stage work, in which, quoting Wagner chronicler Charles Osborne, "the drama presented on a conscious level by the words [...] would be pursued on a deeper, unconscious level in the orchestra."
Librettist
From his first attempt in the opera genre, Die Laune des Verleibten, Wagner became his own librettist and remained so throughout his creative career. His practice was to create music and text simultaneously; in biographer Robert Gutman's words: "as the music proceeded it drew forth the words." While working on Tannhäuser Wagner explained his technique in a letter, saying: "before starting to create a verse or even outline a scene, I must first feel intoxicated by the musical aroma of my subject."Cataloguing Wagner's works
Unlike the works of many composers, those of Richard Wagner were not identified by opus numberOpus number
An Opus number , pl. opera and opuses, abbreviated, sing. Op. and pl. Opp. refers to a number generally assigned by composers to an individual composition or set of compositions on publication, to help identify their works...
s, and no proper attempt to create a complete catalogue was made until the 1980s. In 1983 the Wagner scholar John Deathbridge, in an article in The Musical Times, outlined the need for a reliable catalogue. Two years later, in conjunction with Martin Gech and Egon Voss, he produced Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis, described by fellow-scholar Michael Saffle as "perhaps the single finest and most useful of all Wagner reference works." Each of Wagner's known works, whether finished or unfinished, is listed in a number sequence running from 1 to 113. The list includes all compositions and all prose drafts where the music is either lost or unwritten.
List of works for the stage
| WWV | |Title | |Refs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leubald Leubald Leubald was an attempt by the youthful Richard Wagner to write a tragic drama in the Shakespearean genre. It occupied him during the years 1827-28 while he was at school, first in Dresden and later in Leipzig. The play combines elements of Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Richard III, with... |
Trauerspiel"Tragic play" | – | 1827–28 | Unperformed | – | Childhood attempt to write a grand tragedy based on Shakespearean William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"... themes. A version of the text exists, but no music survives. |
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| 6 | Die Laune des Verliebten Die Laune des Verliebten Die Laune des Verliebten was Richard Wagner's first attempt at an opera project. Written in about 1830, when Wagner was 17, the libretto was based on a play of the same name by Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Wagner wrote a scene for three female voices and a tenor aria before abandoning the project... (unfinished) English: The infatuated lover's caprice |
– | 1829–30 | Unperformed | – | Based on a play by Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, and science. His Faust has been called the greatest long... . Neither text nor music survives. |
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| 31 | Die Hochzeit Die Hochzeit Die Hochzeit is an unfinished opera by Richard Wagner which predates all his completed works in the genre. Wagner completed the libretto, then started composing the music in the second half of 1832 when he was just nineteen... (unfinished) English: The Wedding |
Oper | – | 1832 | 13 February 1938 (fragments) |
Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing... , Neues Theatre Oper Leipzig Oper Leipzig is an opera house and opera company in Leipzig, Germany.The Leipzig Opera traces its establishment to the year 1693, making it the third oldest opera venue in Europe after La Fenice and the Hamburg State Opera... |
Based on a story by J.G.G. Büsching | |
| 32 | Die Feen Die Feen Die Feen is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. The German libretto was written by the composer after Carlo Gozzi's La donna serpente.Die Feen was Wagner's first completed opera, but remained unperformed in his lifetime... English: The Fairies Score |
grosse romantische Oper Romantische Oper Romantische Oper was a genre of early nineteenth-century German opera, developed not from the German Singspiel of the eighteenth-century but from the opéras comiques of the French Revolution... |
3 | 1833–34 | 29 June 1888 | Munich Munich Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat... , Hoftheater |
A reworking of La donna serpente by Carlo Gozzi Carlo Gozzi Carlo, Count Gozzi was an Italian playwright.Born in Venice, he came from an old Venetian family from the Republic of Ragusa... |
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| 38 | Das Liebesverbot Das Liebesverbot Das Liebesverbot is an early opera in two acts by Richard Wagner, with the libretto written by the composer after Shakespeare's Measure for Measure. Described as a grosse komische Oper, it was composed in 1834, and Wagner conducted the premiere in 1836 at Magdeburg... English: The Ban on Love Score |
grosse komische Oper | 2 | 1835–36 | 29 March 1836 | Magdeburg Magdeburg Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.... , Stadttheater, |
Loosely based on Shakespeare William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"... 's Measure for Measure Measure for Measure Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604. It was classified as comedy, but its mood defies those expectations. As a result and for a variety of reasons, some critics have labelled it as one of Shakespeare's problem plays... , and described (Osborne) as "a not very successful German imitation of Italian opera buffa." |
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| 40 | Die hohe Braut English: The High-born Bride |
grosse Oper | 4 | 1836–42 | 1848 (date not recorded) | Prague Prague Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million... |
Libretto sketched by Wagner in 1836–37, completed in 1842, and eventually set to music by Jan Bedrich Kittl under the title Bianca und Giuseppe. | |
| 48 | Männerlist grösser als Frauenlist, oder Die glückliche Bärenfamilie Männerlist grösser als Frauenlist Männerlist grösser als Frauenlist oder Die glückliche Bärenfamilie is an unfinished Singspiel by Richard Wagner, , written between 1837 and 1838.... (unfinished) English: Men are more cunning than women or The Happy Bear family |
komische Oper | – | 1839 | 13 October 2007 (fragments) |
London, Linbury Studio, Royal Opera House Royal Opera House The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The large building is often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", after a previous use of the site of the opera house's original construction in 1732. It is the home of The Royal Opera, The... |
Based on a tale from One Thousand and One Nights. The libretto was completed but only the first three numbers set to music. These were lost until 1994. | |
| 49 | Rienzi, der letze der Tribunen Rienzi Rienzi, der Letzte der Tribunen is an early opera by Richard Wagner in five acts, with the libretto written by the composer after Bulwer-Lytton's novel of the same name . The title is commonly shortened to Rienzi... English: Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes Score |
grosse tragische Oper | 5 | 1839–40 | 20 October 1842 | Dresden Dresden Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area.... , Hoftheater Semperoper The Semperoper is the opera house of the Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden and the concert hall of the Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden . It is located near the Elbe River in the historic center of Dresden, Germany.The opera house was originally built by the architect Gottfried Semper in 1841... |
Based on a drama by Edward Bulwer Lytton Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton PC , was an English politician, poet, playwright, and novelist. He was immensely popular with the reading public and wrote a stream of bestselling dime-novels which earned him a considerable fortune... |
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| 63 | Der fliegende Holländer The Flying Dutchman (opera) Der fliegende Holländer is an opera, with music and libretto by Richard Wagner.Wagner claimed in his 1870 autobiography Mein Leben that he had been inspired to write "The Flying Dutchman" following a stormy sea crossing he made from Riga to London in July and August 1839, but in his 1843... English: The Flying Dutchman Score |
romantische Oper | 3 | 1841 | 2 January 1843 | Dresden, Hoftheater | The orchestration was revised by Wagner several times. The opera is sometimes performed in a single act, without intermissions | |
| 66 | Die Sarazenin English: The Saracen Woman |
Oper | 5 | 1841–42 | Unperformed | – | Libretto based on the character "Manfred Manfred Manfred is a dramatic poem written in 1816–1817 by Lord Byron. It contains supernatural elements, in keeping with the popularity of the ghost story in England at the time. It is a typical example of a Romantic closet drama... " from Lord Byron George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS , commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet and a leading figure in the Romantic movement... 's drama, not set to music |
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| 68 | Die Bergwerke zu Falun English: The Mines of Falun |
Oper | 3 | 1842 | Unperformed | – | Sketch of opera, based on a story by E. T. A. Hoffmann | |
| 70 | Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf dem Wartburg Tannhäuser (opera) Tannhäuser is an opera in three acts, music and text by Richard Wagner, based on the two German legends of Tannhäuser and the song contest at Wartburg... (usually Tannhäuser) English: Tannhäuser and the Song Contest on the Wartburg Score (Dresden and Paris versions) |
grosse romantische Oper | 3 | 1843–45 | 19 October 1845 Revised version: 18 March 1861 |
Dresden, Hoftheater Paris, Opéra Paris Opera The Paris Opera is the primary opera company of Paris, France. It was founded in 1669 by Louis XIV as the Académie d'Opéra and shortly thereafter was placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully and renamed the Académie Royale de Musique... |
Wagner did not produce a definitive edition of the score. The Paris premiere was disrupted by political and other demonstrations. | |
| 75 | Lohengrin Lohengrin (opera) Lohengrin is a romantic opera in three acts composed and written by Richard Wagner, first performed in 1850. The story of the eponymous character is taken from medieval German romance, notably the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach and its sequel, Lohengrin, written by a different author, itself... Score |
romantische Oper | 3 | 1846–48 | 28 August 1850 | Weimar Weimar Weimar is a city in Germany famous for its cultural heritage. It is located in the federal state of Thuringia , north of the Thüringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle and Leipzig. Its current population is approximately 65,000. The oldest record of the city dates from the year 899... , Hoftheater |
Loosely based on the German legend of Lohengrin Lohengrin Lohengrin is a character in German Arthurian literature. The son of Parzival , he is a knight of the Holy Grail sent in a boat pulled by swans to rescue a maiden who can never ask his identity. His story, which first appears in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, is a version of the Knight of the... , as presented in medieval verse including Wolfram von Eschenbach Wolfram von Eschenbach Wolfram von Eschenbach was a German knight and poet, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of his time. As a Minnesinger, he also wrote lyric poetry.-Life:... 's Parzival Parzival Parzival is a major medieval German romance by the poet Wolfram von Eschenbach, in the Middle High German language. The poem, commonly dated to the first quarter of the 13th century, is itself largely based on Chrétien de Troyes’s Perceval, the Story of the Grail and mainly centers on the Arthurian... |
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| 76 | Friedrich I | Oper ? | 5 | 1848–49 | Unperformed | – | Project on Frederick I of Prussia Frederick I of Prussia Frederick I , of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia in personal union . The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia . From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel... , possibly intended as a music drama. No libretto or music written |
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| 80 | Jesus von Nazareth English: Jesus of Nazareth |
Oper ? | 5 | 1848–49 | Unperformed | – | Prose draft only for libretto, no music written. Aspects of the sketch may have been used in the writing of Parsifal | |
| 81 | Achilleus English: Achilles |
Oper ? | 3 | 1848–49 | Unperformed | – | Prose sketch, no music written | |
| 82 | Wieland der Schmied Wieland der Schmied (libretto) Wieland der Schmied is a draft by Richard Wagner for an opera libretto based on the Germanic legend of Wayland Smith... English: Wieland the Smith |
Heldenoper"Heroic opera" | 3 | 1849–50 | Unperformed | – | Prose sketch for a heroic opera, offered to and rejected by Liszt Franz Liszt Franz Liszt ; ), was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age... and Berlioz Hector Berlioz Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande messe des morts . Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works; as a... . Eventually adapted by O. Schlemm and set by Ján Levoslav Bella Ján Levoslav Bella Ján Levoslav Bella was a Slovak composer, conductor and music teacher, who wrote in the spirit of the Nationalist Romantic movement of the 19th century.- Life :Bella was raised in a Roman Catholic family... (premiere Slovak National Theatre, Bratislava Bratislava Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava... , 28 April 1926) |
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| 86a | Das Rheingold Das Rheingold is the first of the four operas that constitute Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen . It was originally written as an introduction to the tripartite Ring, but the cycle is now generally regarded as consisting of four individual operas.Das Rheingold received its premiere at the National Theatre... English: The Rhine Gold Score |
Bühnenfestspiel, Vorabend"Stage festival play, preliminary evening" | 1 | 1853–54 | Munich, Hofoper | First part of Der Ring des Nibelungen Der Ring des Nibelungen Der Ring des Nibelungen is a cycle of four epic operas by the German composer Richard Wagner . The works are based loosely on characters from the Norse sagas and the Nibelungenlied... . First performance as part of complete Ring cycle 13 August 1876, at Bayreuth Festspielhaus Bayreuth Festspielhaus The or Bayreuth Festival Theatre is an opera house north of Bayreuth, Germany, dedicated solely to the performance of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner... |
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| 86b | Die Walküre Die Walküre Die Walküre , WWV 86B, is the second of the four operas that form the cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen , by Richard Wagner... English: The Valkyrie Score |
Bühnenfestspiel, erster Tag"Stage festival play, first day" | 3 | 1854–56 | 26 June 1870 | Munich, Hofoper | Second part of Der Ring des Nibelungen Der Ring des Nibelungen Der Ring des Nibelungen is a cycle of four epic operas by the German composer Richard Wagner . The works are based loosely on characters from the Norse sagas and the Nibelungenlied... . First performed as part of complete Ring cycle 14 August 1876, at Bayreuth Festspielhaus |
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| 89 | Die Sieger English: The Victors |
Oper ? | – | 1856 | Unperformed | – | Prose outline and music sketches for an opera on a Buddhist Buddhism Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th... subject; some music may have been used in later works. |
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| 90 | Tristan und Isolde Tristan und Isolde Tristan und Isolde is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von Straßburg. It was composed between 1857 and 1859 and premiered in Munich on 10 June 1865 with Hans von Bülow conducting... English: Tristan and Isolde Score |
Handlung"Drama" | 3 | 1857–59 | 10 June 1865 | Munich, Hofoper | Based in part on Gottfried von Strassburg Gottfried von Strassburg Gottfried von Strassburg is the author of the Middle High German courtly romance Tristan and Isolt, an adaptation of the 12th-century Tristan and Iseult legend. Gottfried's work is regarded, alongside Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival and the Nibelungenlied, as one of the great narrative... 's medieval epic, also believed to be an idealisation of Wagner's love for Mathilde Wesendonck Mathilde Wesendonck Mathilde Wesendonck was a German poet and author. She is best known as the friend and possibly mistress of Richard Wagner, who set five songs to her words, called the Wesendonck Lieder.-Biography:... |
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| 96 | Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg is an opera in three acts, written and composed by Richard Wagner. It is among the longest operas still commonly performed today, usually taking around four and a half hours. It was first performed at the Königliches Hof- und National-Theater in Munich, on June 21,... English: The Mastersingers of Nuremberg Score |
Oper | 3 | 1861–67 | 21 June 1868 | Munich, Hofoper | Wagner's only mature attempt at a comic opera, based on a draft originally written in 1845 | |
| 99 | Luthers Hochzeit English: Luther's Wedding |
Oper ? | – | 1868 | Unperformed | – | A sketch play/libretto about Martin Luther Martin Luther Martin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517... and his decision to marry Katherina von Bora |
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| 86c | Siegfried Siegfried (opera) Siegfried is the third of the four operas that constitute Der Ring des Nibelungen , by Richard Wagner. It received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of The Ring... Score |
Bühnenfestspiel, zweiter Tag"Stage festival play, second day" | 3 | 1856–71 | 16 August 1876 | Bayreuth Festspielhaus Bayreuth Festspielhaus The or Bayreuth Festival Theatre is an opera house north of Bayreuth, Germany, dedicated solely to the performance of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner... |
Third part of Der Ring des Nibelungen The composition was interrupted for 12 years between 1857 and 1869 | |
| 86d | Götterdämmerung Götterdämmerung is the last in Richard Wagner's cycle of four operas titled Der Ring des Nibelungen... English: Twilight of the Gods Score |
Bühnenfestspiel, dritter Tag"Stage festival play, third day" | 3 | 1871–74 | 17 August 1876 | Bayreuth Festspielhaus | Fourth part: Der Ring des Nibelungen | |
| 102 | Eine Kapitulation English: A Capitulation |
Lustspiel in antiker Manier"Comedy in antique style" | – | 1871 | Unperformed | – | A farce based on the siege of Paris, 1870. Wagner unsuccessfully asked Hans Richter Hans Richter (conductor) Hans Richter was an Austrian orchestral and operatic conductor.-Biography:Richter was born in Raab , Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire. His mother was opera-singer Jozsefa Csazenszky. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory... to set it to music |
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| 111 | Parsifal Parsifal Parsifal is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. It is loosely based on Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, the 13th century epic poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival and his quest for the Holy Grail, and on Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, the Story of the Grail.Wagner first conceived the work... Score |
Bühnenweihfestspiel"Consecrated stage festival play" | 3 | 1877–82 | 26 July 1882 | Bayreuth Festspielhaus | Under an agreement between Wagner and King Ludwig Ludwig II of Bavaria Ludwig II was King of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. He is sometimes called the Swan King and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy tale King... , Parsifal was only to be performed at Bayreuth, "never desecrated by contact with any profane stage". |
Translation:
General
- Bassett, Peter (2004): The Nibelung's Ring, Wakefield Press, Adelaide. ISBN 1-86254-624-X Retrieved on 25 March 2009
- Borchmeyer, Dieter (2003): Drama and the World of Richard Wagner ed. Daphne Ellis. Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J. ISBN 0-691-11497-8 Retrieved on 25 March 2009
- Elschek, Oskár (ed.) (2003): A History of Slovak Music, Veda, Bratislava. ISBN 80-224-0724-0
- Gutman, Robert W. (1971): Richard Wagner: The Man, His Mind and His Music, Penguin Books, London ISBN 0-14-021168-3
- Kennedy, Michael and Joyce Bourne (2007): The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, OUP, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-920383-0
- Millington, Barry (2001): (Wilhelm) Richard Wagner in Grove Music Online, ed. Laura Macy. Retrieved on 20 March 2009
- Millington, Barry (Spring 2005): After the Revolution: The Ring in the Light of Wagner's Dresden and Zurich Projects, University of Toronto Quarterly, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Retrieved on 31 March 2009
- Osborne, CharlesCharles Osborne (music writer)Charles Thomas Osborne, born 24 November 1927 in Brisbane, Australia, is a journalist, critic, poet and novelist, and a recognised authority on opera. He was assistant editor of The London Magazine from 1958 until 1966, literature director of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1971 until 1986,...
(1992): The Complete Operas of Wagner, Victor Gollancz, London, ISBN 0-575-05380-1 - Pritchard, Jim (2007): Seen and Heard Opera Review: Wagner Rarities, MusicWeb International. Retrieved on 26 March 2009
- Richard Wagner (1996) in Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts Retrieved on 24 March 2009
- Saffle, Michael (2002): Richard Wagner: A Guide to Research, Taylor and Francis, London. ISBN 0-8240-5695-7 Retrieved on 25 March 2009
- Wagner Rarities (2007), MusicalCriticism.com. Retrieved 25 March 2009
Published scores
- Die Feen: Piano and vocal score K Ferd. Heckel, Mannheim 1888. Retrieved on 5 April 2009
- Das Liebesverbot: Piano and vocal score ed. Otto Singer. Breitkopf & Hartel, Leipzig 1922. Retrieved on 5 April 2009
- Rienzi: Piano and vocal score ed. Gustav Kogel. Adolph Fürstner, Berlin 1910. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Die fliegende Holländer: Piano and vocal score eds John Troutbeck and Theodore Baker. G. Schirmer, New York 1897. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Tannhauser: Piano and vocal score (Dresden version) arr. Karl Klindworth. G. Schirmer, New York, 1895. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Lohengrin: Piano and vocal score G. Schirmer, New York 1897. Retrieved on 6 April 2007
- Das Rheingold: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth. B. Schott's Söhne, Mainz 1908. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Die Walküre: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth. G Schirmer, New York (no date). Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Tristan und Isolde: Full orchestral and vocal score ed. Felix Mottl. C.F. Peters, Leipzig 1912. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth. G. Schirmer, New York 1904. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Siegfried: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth. G. Schirmer, New York 1900. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Götterdämmerung: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth, G. Schirmer, New York 1900. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
- Parsifal: Piano and vocal score arr. Karl Klindworth, G. Schirmer, New York 1904. Retrieved on 6 April 2009
Further reading
- Deathridge J., Geck M. and Voss E. (1986). Wagner Werk-Verzeichnis (WWV): Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke Richard Wagners und ihrer Quellen ("Catalogue of Wagner's Works: Catalogue of Musical Compositions by Richard Wagner and Their Sources"). Schott Musik International, Mainz, London, & New York. ISBN 9-795-72201-2
External links
- "Men are More Cunning then Women, or The Happy Bear Family": Review of October 2007 performance Arts Archive, 2007
- Listing of the WWV