List of RNAs - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is a list of RNAs in nature. Some of these categories are broad, others are single RNA

RNA

Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....

families.

RNAs involved in protein synthesis
Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution
Messenger RNA Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product. mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template, and carries coding information to the sites of protein synthesis: the ribosomes. Here, the nucleic acid polymer is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein...	mRNA	Codes Genetic code The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.... for protein	All organisms
Ribosomal RNA Ribosomal RNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosome, the enzyme that is the site of protein synthesis in all living cells. Ribosomal RNA provides a mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino acids and interacts with tRNAs during translation by providing peptidyl transferase activity...	rRNA	Translation Translation (genetics) In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the third stage of protein biosynthesis . In translation, messenger RNA produced by transcription is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein...	All organisms
Signal recognition particle RNA Signal recognition particle RNA The signal recognition particle RNA, also known as 7SL, 6S, , or 4.5S RNA, is the RNA component of the signal recognition particle ribonucleoprotein complex. SRP is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein that directs the traffic of proteins within the cell and allows them to be secreted...	7SL RNA or SRP RNA	Membrane integration	All organisms
Transfer RNA Transfer RNA Transfer RNA is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 73 to 93 nucleotides in length, that is used in biology to bridge the three-letter genetic code in messenger RNA with the twenty-letter code of amino acids in proteins. The role of tRNA as an adaptor is best understood by...	tRNA	Translation	All organisms
Transfer-messenger RNA TmRNA Transfer-messenger RNA is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex together with Small Protein B , Elongation Factor Tu , and ribosomal protein S1...	tmRNA	Rescuing stalled ribosomes	Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...

RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modification or DNA replication
Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution
Small nuclear RNA Small nuclear RNA Small nuclear ribonucleic acid is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III and are involved in a variety of important processes such as RNA splicing , regulation of transcription factors ...	snRNA	Splicing and other functions	Eukaryotes and archaea Archaea The Archaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms. A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon...
Small nucleolar RNA	snoRNA	Nucleotide modification of RNAs	Eukaryotes and archaea
SmY RNA SmY RNA SmY ribonucleic acids are a family of small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms. They are thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing....	SmY	mRNA trans-splicing	Nematodes
Small Cajal body-specific RNA Small Cajal body-specific RNA Small Cajal body-specific RNAs are a class of small nucleolar RNAs which specifically localise to the Cajal body, a nuclear organelle involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins...	scaRNA	Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs
Guide RNA Guide RNA Guide RNAs are the RNAs that guide the insertion or deletion of uridine residues into mitochondrial mRNAs in kinetoplastid protists in a process known as RNA editing.-Overview of gRNA-directed editing:...	gRNA	mRNA nucleotide modification	Kinetoplastid Kinetoplastid The kinetoplastids are a group of single-cell flagellate protozoa, including a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in humans and other animals, as well as various forms found in soil and aquatic environments... mitochondria
Ribonuclease P RNase P Ribonuclease P is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA. RNase P is unique from other RNases in that it is a ribozyme – a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way that a protein based enzyme would. Its function is to cleave off an extra, or precursor, sequence of RNA on tRNA...	RNase P	tRNA maturation	All organisms
Ribonuclease MRP RNase MRP RNase MRP is an enzymatically active ribonucleoprotein with two distinct roles in eukaryotes. In mitochondria it plays a direct role in the initiation of mitochondrial DNA replication. In the nucleus it is involved in precursor rRNA processing, where it cleaves the internal transcribed spacer 1...	RNase MRP	rRNA maturation, DNA replication DNA replication DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with one double-stranded DNA molecule and produces two identical copies of the molecule...	Eukaryotes
Y RNA Y RNA Y RNAs are small non-coding RNA components of the Ro ribonucleoprotein particle . The Ro RNP was first identified by Lerner et al.. as a target of autoimmune antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.-Function:...		RNA processing, DNA replication	Animal Animal Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and... s
Telomerase RNA		Telomere Telomere A telomere is a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos "end" and merοs "part"... synthesis	Most eukaryotes

Regulatory RNAs
Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution
Antisense RNA	aRNA	Transcriptional attenuation / mRNA degradation / mRNA stabilisation / Translation block	All organisms
Cis-natural antisense transcript Cis-natural antisense transcript Natural antisense transcripts are a group of RNAs encoded within a cell that have transcript complementarity to other RNA transcripts. They have been identified in multiple eukaryotes, including humans, mice, yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana. This class of RNAs includes both protein-coding and...		Gene regulation
CRISPR CRISPR CRISPRs are loci containing multiple short direct repeats that are found in the genomes of approximately 40% of bacteria and 90% of archaea. CRISPR functions as a prokaryotic immune system, in that it confers resistance to exogenous genetic elements such as plasmids and phages... RNA	crRNA	Resistance to parasites, probably by targeting their DNA	Bacteria and archaea
Long noncoding RNA Long noncoding RNA Long non-coding RNAs are generally considered as non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. This limit is due to practical considerations including the separation of RNAs in common experimental protocols...	Long ncRNA	Various	Eukaryotes
MicroRNA	miRNA	Gene regulation	Most eukaryotes
Piwi-interacting RNA Piwi-interacting RNA Piwi-interacting RNA is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules that is expressed in animal cells. piRNAs form RNA-protein complexes through interactions with piwi proteins...	piRNA	Transposon defense, maybe other functions	Most animal Animal Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and... s
Small interfering RNA Small interfering RNA Small interfering RNA , sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 nucleotides in length, that play a variety of roles in biology. The most notable role of siRNA is its involvement in the RNA interference pathway, where it...	siRNA	Gene regulation	Most eukaryote Eukaryote A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes may more formally be referred to as the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus, or nuclear... s
Trans-acting siRNA Trans-acting siRNA Trans-acting siRNA is a form of small interfering RNA that represses gene expression through post-transcriptional gene silencing in land plants, , . It is transcribed from the genome to form a polyadenylated, double-stranded precursor...	tasiRNA	Gene regulation	Land plants
Repeat associated siRNA RasiRNA Repeat associated small interfering RNA is a class of small RNA that is involved in the RNA interference pathway. RasiRNA are in fact Piwi-interacting RNAs , which are small RNA molecules that interact with Piwi proteins. Piwi proteins are a clade of the Argonaute family of proteins. In the...	rasiRNA	Type of piRNA; transposon defense	Drosophila Drosophila Drosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" or more appropriately pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit...
7SK RNA 7SK RNA -External links:...	7SK	negatively regulating CDK9/cyclin T complex

Parasitic RNAs
Type	Function	Distribution
Retrotransposon Retrotransposon Retrotransposons are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a genome and are ubiquitous components of the DNA of many eukaryotic organisms. They are a subclass of transposon. They are particularly abundant in plants, where they are often a principal component of nuclear DNA...	Self-propagating	Eukaryotes and some bacteria
Viral Virus A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea... genome	Information carrier	Double-stranded RNA viruses Double-stranded RNA viruses Double-stranded RNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range , genome segment number , and virion organization... , positive-sense RNA viruses, negative-sense RNA viruses, many satellite viruses and reverse transcribing viruses
Viroid Viroid Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a short stretch of highly complementary, circular, single-stranded RNA without the protein coat that is typical for viruses. The smallest discovered is a 220 nucleobase scRNA associated with the rice yellow mottle sobemovirus...	Self-propagating	Infected plants
Satellite RNA Satellite (biology) A satellite is a subviral agent composed of nucleic acid that depends on the co-infection of a host cell with a helper or master virus for its multiplication. When a satellite encodes the coat protein in which its nucleic acid is encapsidated it is referred to as a satellite virus...	Self-propagating	Infected cells

Other RNAs
Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution	Ref.
Vault RNA Vault RNA Vault RNAs are an RNA family found as part of the vault ribonucleoprotein complex first discovered in 1986. The complex consists of a major vault protein , two minor vault proteins , and several small untranslated RNA molecules. Each vault particle contains 8-16 vRNA molecules. The vault complex...	vRNA	Expulsion of xenobiotic Xenobiotic A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual... s, maybe

External links

Rfam database — a collection of RNA families
European ribosomal RNA database

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.