Jaime Cardinal Sin
Encyclopedia
Jaime Lachica Sin (Chinese
name: 辛海梅; 辛海棉 Xīn Hǎiméi; Xīn Hǎimián), was a Roman Catholic
Archbishop of Manila
known for his instrumental role in the People Power Revolution, which toppled the regime of Ferdinand Marcos
and installed Corazon Aquino
as president
of the Philippines
. During his reign, he was considered an influential and charismatic leader of the Filipino people
having led another "people power" in 2001
. He died at the age of 76 on 21 June 2005 due to complications to the kidney
as a result of diabetes.
Cardinal Sin was only the third native Filipino Archbishop of Manila, following centuries of Spanish
, American
and Irish
episcopacy. He led the Archdiocese of Manila
as its archbishop
and was made cardinal
by Pope Paul VI
. As Archbishop of Manila, he was widely considered Primate of the Philippines
, though no formal dignity has ever been attached to the archdiocese. He retired as the Archbishop
of Manila
on 15 September 2003, having reached the age of retirement for bishops under Canon Law, and was succeeded by Gaudencio Rosales.
His title and surname as Cardinal Sin (another term for a deadly sin
) were the source of many jokes in the Philippines and the Philippine Catholic community, such as "The greatest sin of all...Cardinal Sin", and his own pun: "Welcome to the house of Sin" referring to his official residence, Villa San Miguel.
, Aklan, Philippines
to Juan Sin (of Chinese ancestry) and Máxima Lachica (of Aklanon ancestry
). He was the seventh of sixteen children. He eventually left his childhood home and his family to study in St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary
, and was ordained
a priest of the Archdiocese of Jaro on 3 April 1954. He was the first rector of St. Pius X Seminary
in Lawaan Hills, Roxas City
, Capiz
. He was appointed auxiliary bishop
of Jaro on 10 February 1967, and was ordained as bishop
of the titular see
of Obba on 18 March of that year. On 15 March 1972, Sin was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Jaro, taking on administrative roles in the archdiocese, while holding the titular see
of Massa Lubrense
. On 8 October 1972, Sin was appointed Archbishop of Jaro, taking full control of the archdiocese.
Sin's service as Archbishop of Jaro ended with his appointment on 21 January 1974 to the larger archdiocese seated in the nation's capital of Manila
. Sin was officially installed as Archbishop of Manila at the Manila Cathedral
on 19 March 1974. On 24 May 1976, Pope Paul VI made him a member of the College of Cardinals
, creating him Cardinal Priest of the titular church of Santa Maria ai Monti
. He remained the youngest member of the College until 1983.
Ferdinand Marcos
forced Sin, the spiritual leader of all Filipino Catholics, to become involved in the politics
of the region. He became witness to corruption
, fraud
and even murder
at the hands of the regime
— events that pushed Filipinos to the brink of civil unrest and even war. Sin appealed to Filipinos of all religions to follow the teachings of Jesus
in the Gospel
s and use peaceful means to change the political situation in the Philippines.
In February 1986 President Marcos ordered his generals to deploy against the marchers. However, at a key moment, Sin called on his flock to surround the police and military headquarters in Manila. More than 1 million people took to the streets praying the rosary
and singing hymns in an outpouring that shielded anti-government rebels from attack. Some soldiers decided to join the marchers.
In what later became known as the People Power Revolution, Marcos, his family, and close advisors were forced to flee the Philippines, taking up residence in Honolulu, Hawaii
upon the invitation of President of the United States
Ronald Reagan
. Cardinal Sin, along with Presidents Corazon Aquino
and Fidel Ramos, became known to Filipinos as the architects of the People Power Movement.
Sin decided to intervene again, in 2001, to become the spiritual leader of another People Power Movement. Some Filipinos alleged that President Joseph Estrada
was guilty of widespread corruption and graft because of the controversial "second envelope". Poor people marching in the streets, with the support of Sin, the elite and military generals, succeeded in toppling Estrada from power and elevating Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as acting president in what was perceived by the international community as a triumphant democracy. The "second envelope" was opened after the coup and turned out to be Estrada's bank account.
Two and a half years after Sin's death, it was reported that at the height of EDSA II, Sin received a directive from the Vatican
ordering him and the Philippine clergy to adopt a non-partisan stance towards the political crisis. Sin, who by then had committed support for the EDSA II revolt, was said to have threatened to resign as Archbishop if compelled to withdraw his support. The standoff was reportedly resolved with the mediation of the then Supreme Court
Associate Justice
Artemio Panganiban
(later, Chief Justice of the Philippines), a member of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
, a department of the Roman Curia
. As a result, the Vatican did not insist upon its earlier demand. The reports were attributed to persons reputed to have first-hand knowledge of the events, but there has been no official confirmation of them from the Vatican or from the Archdiocese of Manila.
Sin was decorated three times by the Philippine government. The first was by President Corazon C. Aquino, who conferred him with the Philippine Legion of Honor
, rank of Chief Commander; the second, by President Joseph Estrada
, who conferred on him the Order of Sikatuna
, rank of Rajah; the final time was shortly after his retirement, when President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
conferred on him the Order of Lakandula
, rank of Bayani (Grand Cross).
Sin was the Manila archbishop at the time of the Philippine government's 1996 first implementation of a program to prevent the spread of HIV within the country and he called the program "intrinsically evil." Church leaders in his area protested against both the government and the HIV prevention program by publicly burning boxes of condoms.
Sin denounced the secretary of the Department of Health
, Juan Flavier
, as an "agent of Satan" for his condom promotion program.
of Manila
on 15 September 2003 and was succeeded by Gaudencio Borbon Rosales. He was too ill to travel to the 2005 conclave
that elected Pope Benedict XVI
.
Afflicted for years with a kidney
ailment brought on by diabetes, he was taken on 19 June 2005 to the Cardinal Rufino Santos Medical Center in San Juan, Metro Manila
because of a slight but lingering fever. He died of renal failure
on 21 June 2005 at the age of 76. The Philippine government accorded him the honor of a state funeral and a period of national mourning. He is buried in the crypt of the Manila Cathedral
along with his three immediate predecessors. Thousands of Filipinos attended his funeral.
Traditional Chinese character
Traditional Chinese characters refers to Chinese characters in any character set which does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. It most commonly refers to characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong, or in the Kangxi...
name: 辛海梅; 辛海棉 Xīn Hǎiméi; Xīn Hǎimián), was a Roman Catholic
Roman Catholicism in the Philippines
The Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope.With 73.8 million members in 2005, it is the predominant religion, making the Philippines the third largest "Catholic" nation in the world after Brazil and Mexico, as well as one...
Archbishop of Manila
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila or Archdiocese of Manila is a particular Church or Diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. It is also considered as the primatial see of the country, currently headed by the Archbishop of Manila and it enjoys primacy over the other dioceses in...
known for his instrumental role in the People Power Revolution, which toppled the regime of Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
and installed Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...
as president
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
of the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
. During his reign, he was considered an influential and charismatic leader of the Filipino people
Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....
having led another "people power" in 2001
2001 EDSA Revolution
The EDSA Revolution of 2001, also called by the local media as EDSA II or the Second People Power Revolution, is the common name of the four-day revolution that peacefully overthrew Philippine President Joseph Estrada from January 17–20, 2001...
. He died at the age of 76 on 21 June 2005 due to complications to the kidney
Kidney
The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
as a result of diabetes.
Cardinal Sin was only the third native Filipino Archbishop of Manila, following centuries of Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Irish
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
episcopacy. He led the Archdiocese of Manila
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila or Archdiocese of Manila is a particular Church or Diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. It is also considered as the primatial see of the country, currently headed by the Archbishop of Manila and it enjoys primacy over the other dioceses in...
as its archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
and was made cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
by Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
. As Archbishop of Manila, he was widely considered Primate of the Philippines
Primate (religion)
Primate is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority or ceremonial precedence ....
, though no formal dignity has ever been attached to the archdiocese. He retired as the Archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
of Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
on 15 September 2003, having reached the age of retirement for bishops under Canon Law, and was succeeded by Gaudencio Rosales.
His title and surname as Cardinal Sin (another term for a deadly sin
Seven deadly sins
The 7 Deadly Sins, also known as the Capital Vices or Cardinal Sins, is a classification of objectionable vices that have been used since early Christian times to educate and instruct followers concerning fallen humanity's tendency to sin...
) were the source of many jokes in the Philippines and the Philippine Catholic community, such as "The greatest sin of all...Cardinal Sin", and his own pun: "Welcome to the house of Sin" referring to his official residence, Villa San Miguel.
Priesthood and episcopacy
Sin was born in New WashingtonNew Washington, Aklan
New Washington is a municipality in the province of Aklan particularly famous for being the native town of the late Jaime Cardinal Sin, former Archbishop of Manila...
, Aklan, Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
to Juan Sin (of Chinese ancestry) and Máxima Lachica (of Aklanon ancestry
Aklanon people
The Akeanon or Aklanon people are part of the wider Visayan ethnolinguistic group, who constitute the largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group.-Area:Aklanons form the majority in the province of Aklan in Panay....
). He was the seventh of sixteen children. He eventually left his childhood home and his family to study in St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary
St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary
The Saint Vincent Ferrer Seminary is the first institution of Higher Education in Western Visayas, which was founded in 1869. It is the fifth oldest and the last seminary that was established during the Spanish colonial period.-The beginning:...
, and was ordained
Holy Orders
The term Holy Orders is used by many Christian churches to refer to ordination or to those individuals ordained for a special role or ministry....
a priest of the Archdiocese of Jaro on 3 April 1954. He was the first rector of St. Pius X Seminary
St. Pius X Seminary
The Seminary of St. Pius X , or St. Pius X Seminary, is a Filipino Roman Catholic secondary school and seminary in the Lawaan hills, Roxas City, Capiz in the Philippines run by the Catholic priests of the Archdiocese of Capiz. The seminary and its surrounding areas comprise some three hectares of...
in Lawaan Hills, Roxas City
Roxas City
Roxas City is a medium-sized city in the province of Capiz, Philippines. It is the provincial capital and a component city. , the city mayor is former city vice mayor Angel Alan Celino who was elected during the 2010 election....
, Capiz
Capiz
Capiz is a province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is Roxas City and is located at the northeastern portion of Panay Island, bordering Aklan and Antique to the west, and Iloilo to the south. Capiz faces the Sibuyan Sea to the north...
. He was appointed auxiliary bishop
Auxiliary bishop
An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a diocese because the diocesan bishop is unable to perform his functions, the diocese is so extensive that it requires more than one bishop to administer, or the diocese is attached to a royal or imperial office...
of Jaro on 10 February 1967, and was ordained as bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
of the titular see
Titular see
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular bishop", "titular metropolitan", or "titular archbishop"....
of Obba on 18 March of that year. On 15 March 1972, Sin was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Jaro, taking on administrative roles in the archdiocese, while holding the titular see
Titular see
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular bishop", "titular metropolitan", or "titular archbishop"....
of Massa Lubrense
Massa Lubrense
Massa Lubrense is a comune in the Province of Naples in the Italian region Campania, located about 25 km southeast of Naples...
. On 8 October 1972, Sin was appointed Archbishop of Jaro, taking full control of the archdiocese.
Sin's service as Archbishop of Jaro ended with his appointment on 21 January 1974 to the larger archdiocese seated in the nation's capital of Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
. Sin was officially installed as Archbishop of Manila at the Manila Cathedral
Manila Cathedral
Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is also known as Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception or Basilica Minore dela Inmaculada Concepcion or Basilica Minore dela Nuestra Señora de Inmaculada Concepcion A Roman Catholic church having a higher status of "Minor Basilica" with...
on 19 March 1974. On 24 May 1976, Pope Paul VI made him a member of the College of Cardinals
College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church.A function of the college is to advise the pope about church matters when he summons them to an ordinary consistory. It also convenes on the death or abdication of a pope as a papal conclave to elect a successor...
, creating him Cardinal Priest of the titular church of Santa Maria ai Monti
Santa Maria ai Monti
Santa Maria dei Monti is a cardinalatial titular church in Rome, Italy. The church is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.-History:...
. He remained the youngest member of the College until 1983.
People Power movement
Events in the Philippines under PresidentPresident of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
forced Sin, the spiritual leader of all Filipino Catholics, to become involved in the politics
Politics
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...
of the region. He became witness to corruption
Political corruption
Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...
, fraud
Fraud
In criminal law, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual; the related adjective is fraudulent. The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction. Fraud is a crime, and also a civil law violation...
and even murder
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human being, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide...
at the hands of the regime
Regime
The word regime refers to a set of conditions, most often of a political nature.-Politics:...
— events that pushed Filipinos to the brink of civil unrest and even war. Sin appealed to Filipinos of all religions to follow the teachings of Jesus
Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth , commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity...
in the Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s and use peaceful means to change the political situation in the Philippines.
Rosary
The rosary or "garland of roses" is a traditional Catholic devotion. The term denotes the prayer beads used to count the series of prayers that make up the rosary...
and singing hymns in an outpouring that shielded anti-government rebels from attack. Some soldiers decided to join the marchers.
In what later became known as the People Power Revolution, Marcos, his family, and close advisors were forced to flee the Philippines, taking up residence in Honolulu, Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
Honolulu is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. Honolulu is the southernmost major U.S. city. Although the name "Honolulu" refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and county government are consolidated as the City and...
upon the invitation of President of the United States
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....
. Cardinal Sin, along with Presidents Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...
and Fidel Ramos, became known to Filipinos as the architects of the People Power Movement.
Sin decided to intervene again, in 2001, to become the spiritual leader of another People Power Movement. Some Filipinos alleged that President Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
was guilty of widespread corruption and graft because of the controversial "second envelope". Poor people marching in the streets, with the support of Sin, the elite and military generals, succeeded in toppling Estrada from power and elevating Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as acting president in what was perceived by the international community as a triumphant democracy. The "second envelope" was opened after the coup and turned out to be Estrada's bank account.
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
ordering him and the Philippine clergy to adopt a non-partisan stance towards the political crisis. Sin, who by then had committed support for the EDSA II revolt, was said to have threatened to resign as Archbishop if compelled to withdraw his support. The standoff was reportedly resolved with the mediation of the then Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court of the Philippines is the Philippines' highest judicial court, as well as the court of last resort. The court consists of 14 Associate Justices and 1 Chief Justice...
Associate Justice
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1 of the 15 votes in the court...
Artemio Panganiban
Artemio Panganiban
Artemio V. Panganiban , "The Renaissance Jurist of the 21st Century" was the 21st Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Philippines.-Early life and education:...
(later, Chief Justice of the Philippines), a member of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
Pontifical Council for the Laity
The Pontifical Council for the Laity has the responsibility of assisting the Pope in his dealings with the laity in lay ecclesial movements or individually, and their contributions to the Church. The Cardinal President of the Council is Cardinal Stanisław Ryłko. The Secretary is Bishop Josef...
, a department of the Roman Curia
Roman Curia
The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Catholic Church, together with the Pope...
. As a result, the Vatican did not insist upon its earlier demand. The reports were attributed to persons reputed to have first-hand knowledge of the events, but there has been no official confirmation of them from the Vatican or from the Archdiocese of Manila.
Sin was decorated three times by the Philippine government. The first was by President Corazon C. Aquino, who conferred him with the Philippine Legion of Honor
Philippine Legion of Honor
The Philippine Legion of Honor was established by President Manuel Roxas, through Philippine Army Circular No. 60 dated July 3, 1947. The Philippine Legion of Honor was patterned after the Legion of Merit of the United States of America, and was meant to honor both civilians and members of the...
, rank of Chief Commander; the second, by President Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...
, who conferred on him the Order of Sikatuna
Order of Sikatuna
The Order of Sikatuna is the national order of diplomatic merit of the Republic of the Philippines. It is conferred upon individuals who have rendered exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic of the Philippines, upon diplomats, officials and nationals of foreign states who have rendered...
, rank of Rajah; the final time was shortly after his retirement, when President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...
conferred on him the Order of Lakandula
Order of Lakandula
The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest honors given by the Republic of the Philippines. It is an order of political and civic merit, awarded in memory of Lakandula’s dedication to the responsibilities of leadership, prudence, fortitude, courage and resolve in the service of one’s people.Its...
, rank of Bayani (Grand Cross).
HIV and AIDS views
The Phillipines is a heavily Catholic country and its views have historically be linked with Catholic teaching. Condom usage has historically been a controversial topic.Sin was the Manila archbishop at the time of the Philippine government's 1996 first implementation of a program to prevent the spread of HIV within the country and he called the program "intrinsically evil." Church leaders in his area protested against both the government and the HIV prevention program by publicly burning boxes of condoms.
Sin denounced the secretary of the Department of Health
Department of Health (Philippines)
The Philippines’ Department of Health is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the regulation of...
, Juan Flavier
Juan Flavier
Juan Martin Flavier is a former politician from the Philippines. He was a former Secretary of the Department of Health and a senator. He was born in Tondo, Manila eventually moving to Baguio City where he finished his secondary studies at the Baguio City High School...
, as an "agent of Satan" for his condom promotion program.
Retirement and death
He retired as the ArchbishopArchbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
of Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
on 15 September 2003 and was succeeded by Gaudencio Borbon Rosales. He was too ill to travel to the 2005 conclave
Papal conclave, 2005
The Papal conclave of 2005 was convened as a result of the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April 2005. After his death, the cardinals who were in Rome met and set a date for the beginning of the conclave to elect John Paul's successor. The conclave began on 18 April 2005 and ended on the following...
that elected Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI is the 265th and current Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the Sovereign of the Vatican City State and the leader of the Catholic Church as well as the other 22 sui iuris Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the Holy See...
.
Afflicted for years with a kidney
Kidney
The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, and...
ailment brought on by diabetes, he was taken on 19 June 2005 to the Cardinal Rufino Santos Medical Center in San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, Metro Manila
The City of San Juan or simply San Juan is a city in Metro Manila in the Philippines. Before the creation of Metro Manila, it was part of Rizal Province. Currently the smallest city in the region and the country in terms of area, San Juan is one of the smallest among the cities and municipalities...
because of a slight but lingering fever. He died of renal failure
Renal failure
Renal failure or kidney failure describes a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from the blood...
on 21 June 2005 at the age of 76. The Philippine government accorded him the honor of a state funeral and a period of national mourning. He is buried in the crypt of the Manila Cathedral
Manila Cathedral
Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is also known as Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception or Basilica Minore dela Inmaculada Concepcion or Basilica Minore dela Nuestra Señora de Inmaculada Concepcion A Roman Catholic church having a higher status of "Minor Basilica" with...
along with his three immediate predecessors. Thousands of Filipinos attended his funeral.
Episcopal lineage
External links
- "Philippine Cardinal Jaime L. Sin Dies at 76http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/20/AR2005062001362.html". Washington Post Retrieved 2011-09-18.
- Archdiocese of Manila Biostatistics