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The Sacred College of Cardinals (formal: Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S.R.E.) is the body of all cardinals
Cardinal (Catholicism)

A cardinal is a senior Ecclesiology official, usually a Bishop , of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope....
 of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
. The College plays two roles in the church:

Historically, they were also the clergy
Clergy

Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. The term comes from the Greek language ?????? - kleros, "a lot", "that which is assigned by lot" or metaphorically, "heritage"....
 of the city of Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
 serving the Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 as the Bishop of Rome
Bishop of Rome

The Bishop of Rome is the Bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic Church tradition as the Pope. The first Bishop of Rome to bear the title of "Pope" was Pope Boniface III in 607, the first to assume the title of "Universal Bishop" by decree of Phocas....
 and were assigned duties in parish
Parish

A parish is a local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in Roman Catholic, Anglican, United Methodist, and Presbyterianism churches....
es of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante
Sede vacante

Sede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church....
 period, where its powers are still extremely limited according to the Apostolic constitution
Apostolic constitution

An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin language constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the R...
 Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis

Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo....
.






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The Sacred College of Cardinals (formal: Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S.R.E.) is the body of all cardinals
Cardinal (Catholicism)

A cardinal is a senior Ecclesiology official, usually a Bishop , of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope....
 of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
. The College plays two roles in the church:
  • participating in papal elections
    Papal conclave

    A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the pope, or Bishop of Rome, who is considered by Catholics to be the Apostolic Succession of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Catholic Church....
     when the Holy See
    Holy See

    The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church....
     is vacant, and
  • advising the Pope
    Pope

    The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
     about Church matters when he summons them to an ordinary consistory
    Consistory

    AntiquityOriginally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion .In the Roman empire, it was specifically applied to a formal meeting of the Comites consistoriales, i.e....
    .


Historically, they were also the clergy
Clergy

Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. The term comes from the Greek language ?????? - kleros, "a lot", "that which is assigned by lot" or metaphorically, "heritage"....
 of the city of Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
 serving the Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 as the Bishop of Rome
Bishop of Rome

The Bishop of Rome is the Bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic Church tradition as the Pope. The first Bishop of Rome to bear the title of "Pope" was Pope Boniface III in 607, the first to assume the title of "Universal Bishop" by decree of Phocas....
 and were assigned duties in parish
Parish

A parish is a local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in Roman Catholic, Anglican, United Methodist, and Presbyterianism churches....
es of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante
Sede vacante

Sede vacante is an expression, used in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, that refers to the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church....
 period, where its powers are still extremely limited according to the Apostolic constitution
Apostolic constitution

An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin language constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the R...
 Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis

Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo....
. The history of the College of Cardinals as a college dates to the beginning of the 12th century when the cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons ceased acting as separate groups.

The College has its origins in the events surrounding the crowning of Henry IV
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry IV was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century....
 as King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor

Image:HRR 14Jh.jpgThe Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii principle that regarded the Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480....
 at the age of six, after the unexpected death of Henry III
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry III , called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Empire. He was the eldest son of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor and Gisela of Swabia and his father made him duke of Bavaria in 1026, after the death of Henry V, Duke of Bavaria....
 in 1056. Up until this point secular authorities had significant influence over who was to be appointed Pope, and the Holy Roman Emperor in particular had the special ability to appoint him. This was significant as the aims and views of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Roman Catholic Church did not always coincide. Members of what was to become known as the Gregorian Reform
Gregorian Reform

The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the Roman Curia , circa 1050?80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy....
 took advantage of the new King and his lack of power, and in 1059 declared that the election of the Pope was an affair only for the Church. This was part of a larger power struggle, named the Investiture Controversy
Investiture Controversy

The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was an 11th century dispute between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over who would control appointments of church officials ....
, as the Church attempted to gain more control over their clergy, and in doing so gain more influence in the lands and governments they were appointed to. Theological implications aside, its creation represented a significant shift in the balance of power in the Early Medieval world.

The Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean of the College of Cardinals

The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal ....
 and the Sub-Dean are the president
President

President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, company, trade unions, university, and country. Etymology, a "president" is one who Wiktionary:Preside, who sits in leadership ....
 and vice-president of the college. Both are elected by and from the cardinals holding suburbicarian diocese
Suburbicarian diocese

The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the vicinity of Rome, whose bishops form the highest-ranking order of Cardinal s, the Cardinal Bishops....
s, but the election requires Papal confirmation. Except for presiding, the Dean has no power of governance over the cardinals, instead acting as primus inter pares
Primus inter pares

Primus inter pares , the first among equals, or first among peers is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office....
.

The Secretary of State
Cardinal Secretary of State

The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Vatican City Secretariat of State , which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia....
, the prefects of the Congregations
Congregation (Roman Curia)

A congregation is a type of dicastery of the Roman Curia, the central administrative organism of the Catholic Church.Each Congregation is led by a prefect, who is a Cardinal ....
 of the Roman Curia
Roman Curia

The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope....
, the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
Camerlengo

The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an official of the Papal court.The Camerlengo is the administrator of the property and revenues of the Holy See; his responsibilities formerly included the fiscal administration of the Papal States....
, the Vicar General of Rome, and the Patriarchs of Venice
Patriarch of Venice

The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese of Venice was created in 774, but it was only in 1457 that its bishops were accorded the title of the patriarch by the Pope, for political considerations....
 and Lisbon
Patriarch of Lisbon

The Patriarch of Lisbon is an honorary title possessed by the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lisbon.The first patriarch of Lisbon was D....
, are usually Cardinals, with few, generally temporary, exceptions. The Fundamental Law of Vatican City State requires that appointments to the state's legislative body, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the legislative body of Vatican City. It consists of Cardinal s appointed to five year terms by the pope....
, be cardinals.

Choosing the Pope


Since 1 January 1971, cardinals over the age of 80 when the conclave opens have not had a vote in papal elections, under the terms of Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978....
's motu proprio
Motu proprio

A motu proprio is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him.It may be addressed to the whole Church, to part of it, or to some individuals....
 Ingravescentem Aetatem.

The rules for the election of the Roman Pontiff are stated in Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis

Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo....
, published by Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A...
 on 22 February 1996. It states that cardinals over the age of 80 on the day the see becomes vacant do not have a vote in the Papal election.

Although the rules of the Conclave explicitly say the Pope need not be chosen from among the ranks of the Cardinals (in theory any unmarried Catholic male may be elected Pope), this has been the consistent practice since the election of Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI

Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389....
 in 1378.

Members of the College of Cardinals

The following is the list of all living Cardinals as of 12 February 2009. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Eugênio Cardinal de Araújo Sales is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he is the last surviving from the 1969 consistory. However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop.

Cardinals aged over 80 are indicated with an asterisk (*). Francesco Marchisano, will be the next to lose his right to participate in the conclave on 25 June 2009. The oldest living cardinal is currently Paul Augustin Mayer.

All but thirteen of the Cardinals alive at the death of Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A...
 were appointed by him. Three of those thirteen were under 80 years old as of the day of John Paul II's death. One of those three (Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger) has since been elected Pope as Benedict XVI, another one (Jaime Cardinal Sin
Jaime Cardinal Sin

Jaime Cardinal Sin, also Jaime Lachica Cardinal Sin , was a Roman Catholicism in the Philippines Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila known for his instrumental role in the People Power Revolution, which toppled the regime of Ferdinand Marcos and installed Corazon Aquino as president of the Philippines of the Philippines....
) did not attend the resulting conclave for health reasons and died shortly afterwards, and the third, William Wakefield Baum, turned 80 on 21 November 2006. There are now a total of 187 cardinals of whom 115 are aged under 80.

There are three ranks of Cardinals: Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons. Almost all Cardinals are also bishops
Bishop (Catholic Church)

In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an Holy Orders Minister who holds the fullness of the Sacrament of Holy Orders and is responsible for teaching the faith and ruling the church....
.

Cardinals of the Order of Bishops

Titular Bishops of seven suburbicarian sees
  • Angelo Sodano
    Angelo Sodano

    Angelo Cardinal Sodano, is an Italy prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Dean of the College of Cardinals and former Cardinal Secretary of State, having held that post from 1990 to 2006, under both Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI....
    * Dean of the College of Cardinals
    Dean of the College of Cardinals

    The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal ....
     (Italy) - born 23 November 1927 Retired Cardinal Secretary of State
    Cardinal Secretary of State

    The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Vatican City Secretariat of State , which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia....
    , Cardinal 28 June 1991, Cardinal Bishop of Albano since January 1994, Dean of the College (and therefore Cardinal Bishop of Ostia) since April 2005
  • Roger Etchegaray* (France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    ) - born 25 September 1922 Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals, former President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
    Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

    The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international promotion of justice, peace, and human rights from the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church....
    , Cardinal 30 June 1979, Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina since June 1998
  • Giovanni Battista Re (Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
    ) - born 30 January 1934 Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
    Congregation for Bishops

    The Congregation for Bishops is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new bishops that are not in mission territories or those areas that come under the jurisdiction of the Congregation for the Oriental Chuches who deal with the Eastern Catholics, pending pope approval....
    , Cardinal 21 February 2001, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto since October 2002
  • Francis Arinze (Nigeria
    Nigeria

    Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....
    ) - born 1 November 1932 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
    Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

    The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the Sacraments....
    , Cardinal 25 May 1985, Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni since April 2005
  • Tarcisio Bertone (Italy) - born 2 December 1934 Cardinal Secretary of State
    Cardinal Secretary of State

    The Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Vatican City Secretariat of State , which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia....
    , Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church
    Camerlengo

    The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an official of the Papal court.The Camerlengo is the administrator of the property and revenues of the Holy See; his responsibilities formerly included the fiscal administration of the Papal States....
    , Cardinal 21 October 2003, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati since May 2008
  • José Saraiva Martins (Portugal
    Portugal

    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
    ) - born 6 January 1932 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
    Congregation for the Causes of Saints

    The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process which leads to the canonization of saints, passing through the steps of a declaration of "heroic virtues" and beatification....
    , Cardinal 21 February 2001, Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina since February 2009


Patriarchs of Oriental Rites
  • Nasrallah Pierre Sfeir* (Lebanon
    Lebanon

    Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
    ) - born 15 May 1920 Maronite Patriarch of Antioch
    List of Maronite Patriarchs

    This is a list of the Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch, who have led the Maronite Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches, in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church....
     (lives in Beirut
    Beirut

    Beirut is the Capital and largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2.1 million as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline with the Mediterranean sea, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport and also forms the Beirut District area, which consists of the city and its suburbs....
    ) Cardinal 28 February 1994
  • Ignace Moussa I Daoud (Syria
    Syria

    Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
    ) - born 18 September 1930 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Syrian Rite Patriarch of Antioch
    Antioch

    Antioch on the Orontes was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.Founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the nearer East and was a cradle of gentile hi...
     Cardinal 21 February 2001
  • Emmanuel III Delly
    Emmanuel III Delly

    Mar Emmanuel III Delly is the Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon and Primate of the Chaldean Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Churches sui juris particular church of the Catholic Church and a Cardinal ....
    * (Iraq
    Iraq

    Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
    ) - born 6 October 1927 Patriarch of Babylon for the Chaldeans Cardinal 24 November 2007


Cardinals of the Order of Priests


Appointed by Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and monarch of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978....
Consistory of 28 April 1969
  • Eugênio de Araújo Sales
    Eugênio de Araújo Sales

    Eug?nio de Ara?jo Sales is currently the longest-serving cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, having been elevated by Pope Paul VI on April 28, 1969....
    * (Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    ) - born 8 November 1920 Retired Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro

    Rio de Janeiro , is the second largest city of Brazil and South America, behind S?o Paulo, and the third largest metropolitan area in South America, behind S?o Paulo and Buenos Aires....
     and previously of Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia
    Salvador, Bahia

    Salvador is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the Northeast Region, Brazil States of Brazil of Bahia. Salvador is also known as Brazil's capital of happiness due to its easygoing population and countless popular outdoor parties, including its street carnival....
    , Cardinal Protopriest since February 2009


Consistory of 5 March 1973
  • Luis Aponte Martínez* (Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico

    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is a Autonomy Territories of the United States of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands....
    ) - born 4 August 1922 Retired Archbishop of San Juan
    San Juan, Puerto Rico

    San Juan is the Capital and largest Municipalities of Puerto Rico in Puerto Rico. As of the United States Census Bureau, it has a population of 433,733, making it the List of United States cities by population city under the jurisdiction of the United States....
    , Puerto Rico
  • Paulo Evaristo Arns
    Paulo Evaristo Arns

    Paulo Evaristo Arns O.F.M. is the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of S?o Paulo....
    * (Brazil) - born 14 September 1921 Retired Archbishop of São Paulo
    São Paulo

    S?o Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, and along with Tokyo, Seoul and Mexico City is among the four largest metropolitan regions of the world....


Consistory of 24 May 1976
  • William Wakefield Baum* (USA) - born 21 November 1926 Retired Major Penitentiary, previously Archbishop of Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C.

    Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
     and then Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
    Congregation for Catholic Education

    The Congregation for Catholic Education is the Pontifical congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for: seminary and houses of formation of religious and secular institutes; universities, faculties, institutes and higher schools of study, either ecclesial or civil dependent on ecclesial persons; and schools and educational institute...


Appointed by Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A...
Consistory of 30 June 1979
  • Marco Cé* (Italy) - born 8 July 1925 Retired Patriarch of Venice
    Patriarch of Venice

    The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese of Venice was created in 774, but it was only in 1457 that its bishops were accorded the title of the patriarch by the Pope, for political considerations....
  • Franciszek Macharski* (Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
    ) - born 20 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Krakow


Consistory of 2 February 1983
  • Michael Michai Kitbunchu
    Michael Michai Kitbunchu

    Michael Michai Kitbunchu is a Thailand Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1983....
    * (Thailand
    Thailand

    The Kingdom of Thailand is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Laos and Myanmar, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and Myanmar....
    ) - born 26 January 1929 Archbishop of Bangkok
    Archdiocese of Bangkok

    The Roman Catholic Church Diocese of Bangkok, Thailand dates back to 1662, when the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam of created. It was renamed Vicariate Apostolic of Siam Orientale in 1841 and Vicariate Apostolic of Bangkok in 1924....
  • Alexandre do Nascimento
    Alexandre do Nascimento

    Alexandre do Nascimento is an Angolan Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda from 1986 to 2001, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1983....
    * (Angola
    Angola

    Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordering Namibia to the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, and Zambia to the east, and with a west coast along the Atlantic Ocean....
    ) - born 1 March 1925 Retired Archbishop of Luanda
    Luanda

    Luanda is the Capital and largest city of Angola. Located on Angola's coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and administrative center and has a population of approximately 4.8 million ....
    , and previously of Lubango
  • Godfried Danneels (Belgium
    Belgium

    * A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
    ) - born 5 June 1933 Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
  • Thomas Stafford Williams (New Zealand
    New Zealand

    New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
    ) - born 20 March 1930 Retired Archbishop of Wellington, New Zealand
  • Carlo Maria Martini
    Carlo Maria Martini

    Carlo Maria Martini, Society of Jesus is a Latin Rite Italian people Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan from 1980 to 2002, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1983....
    * (Italy) - born 15 February 1927 Retired Archbishop of Milan
  • Józef Glemp (Poland) - born 18 December 1929 Retired Archbishop of Warsaw
    Warsaw

    Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
  • Joachim Meisner (Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
    ) - born 25 December 1933 Archbishop of Cologne and previously Bishop of Berlin
    Berlin

    Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....


Consistory of 25 May 1985
  • Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy* (India
    India

    India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
    ) - born 5 February 1924 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Archbishop of Bangalore
    Bangalore

    Bangalore , officially Bengaluru , is the capital of the Indian States and territories of India of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's List of most populous cities in India and List of most populous metropolitan areas in India....
  • Miguel Obando y Bravo
    Miguel Obando y Bravo

    Miguel Obando y Bravo is a Nicaraguan prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Managua from 1985 until his resignation on March 12, 2005....
    * (Nicaragua
    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
    ) - born 2 February 1926 Retired Archbishop of Managua
    Managua

    Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the Managua and Managua, Managua by the same name. It is also the largest city in Nicaragua....
  • Paul Mayer* (Germany) - born 23 May 1911 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei and previously Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
  • Ricardo J. Vidal (Philippines) - born 6 February 1931 Archbishop of Cebu
    Cebu City

    The City of Cebu , is the capital city of Cebu in the Philippines, and is the second most Metro Cebu in the Philippine Islands. The Cities of the Philippines is located on the eastern shore of Cebu, and is the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines....
  • Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz* (Poland) - long reported as born 17 October 1928 but announced 2 February 2005 that he had concealed his real age in the wartime conditions of 1944 and was really born in 1923 Retired Archbishop of Wroclaw
    Wroclaw

    Wroclaw is the chief city of the historical region of Lower Silesia in south-western Poland, situated on the Oder River river. Over the centuries the city has been part of Kingdom of Poland , Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, and Germany....
  • Jozef Tomko* (Slovakia
    Slovakia

    Slovakia . It was amended in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president and again in February 2001 due to EU admission requirements....
    ) - born 11 March 1924 President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses and former Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
  • Andrzej Maria Deskur* (Poland) - born 29 February 1924 President of the Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception, formerly President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications
  • Paul Poupard (France) - born 30 August 1930 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
  • Friedrich Wetter* (Germany) - born 20 February 1928 Retired Archbishop of Munich and Freising
  • Silvano Piovanelli* (Italy) - born 21 February 1924 Retired Archbishop of Florence
  • Adrianus Johannes Simonis (Netherlands) - born 26 November 1931 Retired Archbishop of Utrecht
  • Bernard Francis Law (USA) - born 4 November 1931 Archpriest
    Archpriest

    An archpriest is a priest who has supervisory duties over a number of parishes. The term is most often used in Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches, although it may be used in the Latin rite of the Roman Catholic Church instead of Dean or vicar forane....
     of the Basilica of St. Mary Major and former Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts
    Boston, Massachusetts

    Boston is the State capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region, and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England." Boston city proper had a 2007 est...
  • Giacomo Biffi* (Italy) - born 13 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Bologna
    Bologna

    Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Po Valley , between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, exactly between the Reno River and the S?vena River....


Consistory of 28 June 1988
  • Eduardo Martínez Somalo
    Eduardo Martínez Somalo

    Eduardo Mart?nez Somalo is a Spain Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Camerlengo, or Camerlengo, serving in that position until his 80th birthday....
    * (Spain) - born 31 March 1927 Retired Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church
    Camerlengo

    The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an official of the Papal court.The Camerlengo is the administrator of the property and revenues of the Holy See; his responsibilities formerly included the fiscal administration of the Papal States....
  • Achille Silvestrini
    Achille Silvestrini

    Achille Silvestrini was one of the most prominent Holy See diplomats during the long reign of Pope John Paul II. He was Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches between 1991 and 2000....
    * (Italy) - born 25 October 1923 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
  • José Freire Falcão* (Brazil) - born 23 October 1925 Retired Archbishop of Brasilia
    Brasília

    Bras?lia is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West Region, Brazil of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central....
  • Michele Giordano (Italy) - born 26 September 1930 Retired Archbishop of Naples
    Naples

    Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
  • Alexandre José Maria dos Santos* (Mozambique) - born 18 March 1924 Retired Archbishop of Maputo
    Maputo

    Maputo, formerly Louren?o Marques, is the Capital and largest city of Mozambique. A port on the Indian Ocean, its economy is centered around the harbour....
  • Giovanni Canestri
    Giovanni Canestri

    Giovanni Canestri is an Italian Catholic clergyman, currently Archbishop Emeritus of Genoa.Born in in Castelspina, province of Alessandria, he was ordained priest on April 12 1941 and began his pastoral ministry in Rome....
    * (Italy) - born 30 September 1918 Retired Archbishop of Genoa
    Genoa

    Genoa is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000....
  • Simon Pimenta
    Simon Pimenta

    Simon Pimenta is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and a retired Archbishop of Bombay .Pimenta was ordained on 21 December 1949. Before coming to Rome to study at the Pontifical College of St....
    * (India) - born 1 March 1920 Retired Archbishop of Bombay
  • Edward Bede Clancy* (Australia) - born 13 December 1923 Retired Archbishop of Sydney
    Sydney

    Sydney is the List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million . It is the List of Australian capital cities of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British Empire colony in Australia....
  • Edmund Casimir Szoka* (USA) - born 14 September 1927 Retired President of the Governorate of Vatican City
    Vatican City

    Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....
     and former Archbishop of Detroit
  • László Paskai* (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    ) - born 8 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
    Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest

    The metropolitan bishop Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest is part of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary. It represents two Hungarian cities, Esztergom and the national capital Budapest....
  • Christian Wiyghan Tumi (Cameroon) - born 15 October 1930 Archbishop of Douala
    Douala

    Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Province. Home to Cameroon's largest port and its major international airport, Douala Airport, it is the commercial capital of the country....
  • Jean Margéot
    Jean Margéot

    Jean Marg?ot was born in Quatre-Bornes Mauritius on February 3, 1916. He was ordained a priest on December 17, 1938. He was consecrated the bishop of the Diocese of Port-Louis on May 4, 1969 and served until February 15, 1993....
    * (Mauritius
    Mauritius

    Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius, , is an island nation off the coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres east of Madagascar....
    ) - born 23 February 1916 Retired Bishop of Port-Louis


Consistory of 28 June 1991
  • Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez (Dominican Republic) - born 31 October 1936 Archbishop of Santo Domingo
    Santo Domingo

    Santo Domingo, or in full, Santo Domingo de Guzm?n, is the Capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic, and the second largest city in the Caribbean....
  • Roger Michael Mahony (USA) - born 27 February 1936 Archbishop of Los Angeles, California
  • Anthony Joseph Bevilacqua* (USA) - born 17 June 1923 Retired Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
  • Giovanni Saldarini
    Giovanni Saldarini

    Giovanni Saldarini is an Italy Cardinal and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Turin....
    * (Italy) - born 11 December 1924 Retired Archbishop of Turin
    Turín

    Tur?n is a municipality in the Ahuachap?n Department Departments of El Salvador of El Salvador....
  • Cahal Brendan Daly* (Ireland
    Ireland

    Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
    ) - born 1 October 1917 Retired Archbishop of Armagh
  • Camillo Ruini (Italy) - born 19 February 1931 Retired Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Rome
  • Ján Chryzostom Korec
    Ján Chryzostom Korec

    J?n Chryzostom Korec is a Slovakian Jesuit and Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Nitra.Korec entered the Society of Jesus in 1939 and studied Catholic theology and philosophy....
    * (Slovakia) - born 22 January 1924 Retired Bishop of Nitra
  • Henri Schwery (Switzerland) - born 14 June 1932 Retired Bishop of Sion
    Bishop of Sion

    The Roman Catholic Church Diocese of Sion , in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland and one of the oldest north of the Alps....
  • Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky (Germany) - born 9 February 1936 Archbishop of Berlin
    Berlin

    Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
  • Edward Idris Cassidy* (Australia) - born 5 July 1924 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity
  • José Tomás Sánchez* (Philippines) - born 17 March 1920 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
    Congregation for the Clergy

    The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding priests and deacons not belonging to religious orders....
  • Virgilio Noè
    Virgilio Noè

    Virgilio No? is an italy Roman Catholic Cardinal .Born in Zelata di Bereguardo, Lombardy, he was ordained on 1 October 1944.He served as Undersecretary of Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship between 1969 and 1975....
    * (Italy) - born 30 March 1922 Retired Vicar General for the State of Vatican City and Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica
  • Fiorenzo Angelini* (Italy) - born 1 August 1916 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers


Consistory of 26 November 1994
  • Miloslav Vlk (Czech Republic) - born 17 May 1932 Archbishop of Prague
    Prague

    Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
  • Luigi Poggi
    Luigi Poggi

    Luigi Poggi is an Italy cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church....
    * (Italy) - born 25 November 1917 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
  • Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi* (Japan) - born 17 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Tokyo
    Tokyo

    , officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
  • Carlo Furno* (Italy) - born 2 December 1921 Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
    Order of the Holy Sepulchre

    The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Catholic chivalric order of Knighthood that traces its roots to Godfrey of Bouillon, principal leader of the First Crusade....
     and Retired Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Mary Major
    Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore

    The Basilica of Saint Mary Major , is an Ancient Rome Roman Catholic Church basilica of Rome. It is one of the Basilica#The major basilicas or Basilica#Papal and patriarchal basilicas in Rome, which, together with Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, were formerly referred to as the five "patriarchal basilicas" of Rome, associated with the...
  • Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja (Indonesia) - born 20 December 1934 Archbishop of Jakarta
    Jakarta

    Jakarta is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. It also has a List of urban areas by population than any other city in Southeast Asia. It was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa , Jayakarta , Batavia, Dutch East Indies , and Djakarta ....
  • Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino (Cuba) - born 18 October 1936 Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana
    Havana

    Havana is the capital city, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city is one of the 14 Provinces of Cuba. The city/province has 2.1 million inhabitants, and the urban area over 3.5 million, making Havana the largest city in both Cuba and the Caribbean....
  • Gilberto Agustoni* (Switzerland) - born 26 July 1922 Retired Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
  • Emmanuel Wamala* (Uganda) - born 15 December 1926 Retired Archbishop of Kampala
    Kampala

    Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1,208,544 it is the largest city in Uganda. It is coterminous with the Kampala . The city is divided into five boroughs that oversee local planning: Central, Kawempe, Makindye, Nakawa and Rubaga....
  • William Henry Keeler
    William Henry Keeler

    William Henry Cardinal Keeler is a United States Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore from 1989 to 2007 and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1994....
     (USA) - born 4 March 1931 Retired Archbishop of Baltimore
  • Jean-Claude Turcotte (Canada) - born 26 June 1930 Archbishop of Montreal
  • Ricardo María Carles Gordó* (Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
    ) - born 24 September 1926 Retired Archbishop of Barcelona
    Barcelona

    Barcelona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous communities of Spain of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, with a population of 1,615,908 in 2008, while the population of the Metropolitan Area was 3,161,081....
  • Adam Joseph Maida (USA) - born 18 March 1930 Retired Archbishop of Detroit
  • Vinko Puljic
    Vinko Puljic

    Vinko Puljic is a Cardinal Priest of the Roman Catholic Church in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and is the Archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vrhbosna....
     (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - born 8 September 1945 Archbishop of Vrhbosna, Sarajevo
  • Armand Razafindratandra* (Madagascar) - born 7 August 1925 Retired Archbishop of Antananarivo
    Antananarivo

    Antananarivo is the Capital and largest city in Madagascar. It is also known by its French language name Tananarive or the colonial shorthand form Tana....
  • Juan Sandoval Íñiguez (Mexico) - born 28 March 1933 Archbishop of Guadalajara, Jalisco
    Guadalajara, Jalisco

    Guadalajara is the capital city of the Mexico state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara. The city is located in the central region of the state and in the western-Pacific area of Mexico....
  • Kazimierz Swiatek* (Belarus) - born 21 October 1914 Retired Archbishop of Minsk
    Minsk

    Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....
  • Ersilio Tonini
    Ersilio Tonini

    Ersilio Tonini is an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Ravenna from 1975 to 1990, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1994....
    * (Italy) - born 20 July 1914 Retired Archbishop of Ravenna
    Ravenna

    Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna....


Consistory of 21 February 1998
  • Salvatore De Giorgi (Italy) - born 6 September 1930 Retired Archbishop of Palermo
    Palermo

    Palermo is a historic city in southern Italy, the Capital of the autonomous region Sicily and the province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old....
  • Serafim Fernandes de Araújo* (Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    ) - born 13 August 1924 Retired Archbishop of Belo Horizonte
    Belo Horizonte

    Belo Horizonte The first Human settlement in the region occurred in the early 1700s, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s, in order to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais....
  • Antonio María Rouco Varela (Spain) - born 24 August 1936 Archbishop of Madrid
    Madrid

    Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
  • Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic (Canada) - born 27 January 1930 Retired Archbishop of Toronto
    Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto

    This is a list of the Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto.The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto was created out of the Diocese of Kingston December 17, 1841....
  • Dionigi Tettamanzi (Italy) - born 14 March 1934 Archbishop of Milan
  • Polycarp Pengo (Tanzania) - born 5 August 1944 Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam
  • Christoph Schönborn (Austria) - born 22 January 1945 Archbishop of Vienna
    Archbishop of Vienna

    The Archbishop of Vienna is the prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the metropolitan bishop of its ecclesiastical province which includes the dioceses of Roman Catholic Diocese of Eisenstadt, Roman Catholic Diocese of Linz and Roman Catholic Diocese St....
  • Norberto Rivera Carrera (Mexico) - born 6 June 1942 Archbishop of Mexico City
    Mexico City

    Mexico City is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial, and cultural center in the country; the most populous city with over 8,836,045 inhabitants in 2008....
  • Francis Eugene George (USA) - born 16 January 1937 Archbishop of Chicago
  • Paul Shan Kuo-hsi* (Taiwan) - born 3 December 1923 Retired Bishop of Kaohsiung
    Kaohsiung

    Kaohsiung is a city located in southwestern Taiwan. It is enclosed by the Kaohsiung County, and faces the Taiwan Strait on the west. As one of two Direct-controlled municipality under the administration of Republic of China , Kaohsiung is officially named as the Kaohsiung City, a Province -level political division....
  • Marian Jaworski* (Ukraine) - born 21 August 1926 Retired Archbishop of Lviv
    Lviv

    Lviv is a major city in western Ukraine.It is regarded as one of the main Ukrainian culture. In 2001, it had 725,000 inhabitants, of whom 88 per cent were Ukrainians, 9 per cent Russians and 1 per cent Poles....
  • Janis Pujats (Latvia) - born 14 November 1930 Archbishop of Riga
    Riga

    Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
  • Darío Castrillón Hoyos (Colombia) - born 4 July 1929 President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
    Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei

    The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II motu proprio Ecclesia Dei of 2 July 1988 for the care of those former followers of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre who broke with him as a result of his Ec?ne Consecrations of four priests of his Society of St....
    ; retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
    Congregation for the Clergy

    The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding priests and deacons not belonging to religious orders....
  • Jorge Medina Estévez
    Jorge Medina Estévez

    Jorge Arturo Agust?n Medina Est?vez is a Chilean Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Protodeacon until February 23, 2007, and is Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments....
    * (Chile) - born 23 December 1926 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
    Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

    The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the Sacraments....
     was Protodeacon from 2005-2007
  • Lorenzo Antonetti* (Italy) - born 31 July 1922 Pontifical Delegate for the Patriarchal Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi and Retired President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
    Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

    The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See is part of the Roman Curia that deals with the "properties owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for the Roman Curia to function"....
  • James Francis Stafford (USA) - born 26 July 1932 Major Penitentiary
  • Giovanni Cheli
    Giovanni Cheli

    Giovanni Cheli is a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was, along with Achille Silvestrini and Pio Laghi, one of the most prominent Holy See diplomats under Pope John Paul II....
    * (Italy) - born 4 October 1918 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants
    Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants

    The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants is a dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Council, established by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 1988, is dedicated to the Pastoral care of Immigration and itinerant people....


Consistory of 21 February 2001
  • Crescenzio Sepe (Italy) - born 2 June 1943 Archbishop of Naples
    Naples

    Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
  • Ivan Dias (India) - born 14 April 1936 Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
  • Geraldo Majella Agnelo (Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    ) - born 19 October 1933 Archbishop of Salvador, Bahia
    Salvador, Bahia

    Salvador is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the Northeast Region, Brazil States of Brazil of Bahia. Salvador is also known as Brazil's capital of happiness due to its easygoing population and countless popular outdoor parties, including its street carnival....
  • Pedro Rubiano Sáenz (Colombia) - born 13 September 1932 Archbishop of Bogotá
    Bogotá

    Bogot? ? officially named Bogot?, D.C. , formerly called Santa Fe de Bogot? ? is the capital city of Colombia, as well as the most populous city in the country, with 6,776,009 inhabitants ....
  • Theodore Edgar McCarrick (USA) - born 7 July 1930 Retired Archbishop of Washington, D.C.
    Washington, D.C.

    Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
  • Desmond Connell* (Ireland) - born 24 March 1926 Retired Archbishop of Dublin
    Dublin

    Dublin is both the largest city and capital of Republic of Ireland. It is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region....
  • Audrys Juozas Backis (Lithuania) - born 1 February 1937 Archbishop of Vilnius
    Vilnius

    Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....
  • Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa (Chile) - born 5 September 1933 Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
  • Julio Terrazas Sandoval (Bolivia) - born 7 March 1936 Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
  • Wilfrid Fox Napier (South Africa) - born 8 March 1941 Archbishop of Durban
    Durban

    Durban is the third most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality . It is the largest city in KwaZulu-Natal and is famous as the busiest port in Africa....
  • Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga (Honduras) - born 29 December 1942 Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
    Tegucigalpa

    Tegucigalpa is the capital city of Honduras and is also the country's largest city. Tegucigalpa is also the capital of Honduras's Francisco Moraz?n, Honduras....
  • Bernard Agré* (Ivory Coast) - born 2 March 1926 Retired Archbishop of Abidjan
    Abidjan

    Abidjan is the economic and former official capital of C?te d'Ivoire . It is the largest city in the nation, and the second largest French speaking city in the world....
  • Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne (Peru) - born 28 December 1943 Archbishop of Lima
    Lima

    Lima is the Capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chill?n River, R?mac River and Lur?n River rivers, on a coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean....
  • Francisco Álvarez Martínez* (Spain) - born 14 July 1925 Retired Archbishop of Toledo
    Toledo, Spain

    Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain, 70 km south of Madrid. It is the capital city of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile-La Mancha....
  • Cláudio Hummes
    Cláudio Hummes

    Cl?udio Hummes, Order of Friars Minor is a Brazilians Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Congregation for the Clergy in the Roman Curia, having previously served as Archbishop of Fortaleza from 1996 to 1998 and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of S?o Paulo from 1998 to 2006....
     (Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    ) - born 8 August 1934 Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
    Congregation for the Clergy

    The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding priests and deacons not belonging to religious orders....
  • Varkey Vithayathil* (India) - born 29 May 1927 Major Archbishop
    Major Archbishop

    In the Eastern Catholic Churches, major archbishop is a title for an Ordinary to whose archiepiscopal see is granted the same jurisdiction in his autonomous particular Church that an Eastern patriarch has in his....
     of Ernakulam
    Ernakulam

    Ernakulam refers to the eastern part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. Ernakulam is the most urban part of Kochi and has lent its name to Ernakulam District....
    -Angamaly
    Angamaly

    Angamaly is a town and a municipality in Ernakulam district in the state of Kerala, India. It is a rapidly growing town that lies at the intersection of Main central road and National Highway 47....
     of the Syro-Malabars
  • Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Argentina) - born 17 December 1936 Archbishop of Buenos Aires
    Buenos Aires

    Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
  • José da Cruz Policarpo (Portugal
    Portugal

    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
    ) - born 26 February 1936 Patriarch of Lisbon
    Patriarch of Lisbon

    The Patriarch of Lisbon is an honorary title possessed by the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lisbon.The first patriarch of Lisbon was D....
  • Severino Poletto (Italy) - born 18 March 1933 Archbishop of Turin
    Turín

    Tur?n is a municipality in the Ahuachap?n Department Departments of El Salvador of El Salvador....
  • Cormac Murphy-O'Connor (England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
     & Wales
    Wales

    native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
    ) - born 24 August 1932 Archbishop of Westminster
    Archbishop of Westminster

    The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. The incumbent is the Metropolitan bishop of the Province of Westminster and, as a matter of custom, is elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and therefore de facto spokesman of the Catholic Church in England and...
  • Edward Michael Egan (USA) - born 2 April 1932 Retired Archbishop of New York, New York
  • Lubomyr Husar (Ukraine) - born 26 February 1933 Major Archbishop
    Major Archbishop

    In the Eastern Catholic Churches, major archbishop is a title for an Ordinary to whose archiepiscopal see is granted the same jurisdiction in his autonomous particular Church that an Eastern patriarch has in his....
     of Kiev
    Kiev

    Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
     of the Ukrainians
    Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

    The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Church body to the Baptism of Kiev by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great of Kiev , in 988....
  • Karl Lehmann (Germany) - born 16 May 1936 Bishop of Mainz
    Bishop of Mainz

    The Diocese of Mainz is a diocese of the Catholic church in Germany The diocese was created in 1802 with the abolition of the old Archbishopric of Mainz....
  • Jean Marcel Honoré* (France) - born 13 August 1920 Retired Archbishop of Tours


Consistory of 21 October 2003
  • Angelo Scola (Italy) - born 7 November 1941 Patriarch of Venice
    Patriarch of Venice

    The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese of Venice was created in 774, but it was only in 1457 that its bishops were accorded the title of the patriarch by the Pope, for political considerations....
  • Anthony Olubumni Okogie (Nigeria) - born 16 June 1936 Archbishop of Lagos
    Lagos

    Lagos is the most populous conurbation in Nigeria with 7,937,932 inhabitants at the 2006 census. It is currently the second most Largest cities in africa, and currently estimated to be the second fastest growing city in Africa , immediately following Bamako....
  • Bernard Panafieu (France) - born 26 January 1931 Retired Archbishop of Marseille
  • Gabriel Zubeir Wako (Sudan) - born 27 February 1939 Archbishop of Khartoum
    Khartoum

    Khartoum is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum . It is located at the confluence point of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia....
  • Carlos Amigo Vallejo (Spain) - born 23 August 1934 Archbishop of Seville
    Seville

    ||-||}Seville is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of Andalusia and of the province of Seville ....
  • Justin Francis Rigali (USA) - born 19 April 1935 Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  • Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien
    Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien

    Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien is the current Cardinal Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh, Scotland.As Archbishop of St. Andrews O'Brien acts as Scotland's leading Catholic and heads its Conference of Bishops....
     (Scotland) - born 17 March 1938 Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh
  • Eusebio Oscar Scheid (Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    ) - born 8 December 1932 Retired Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
    Rio de Janeiro

    Rio de Janeiro , is the second largest city of Brazil and South America, behind S?o Paulo, and the third largest metropolitan area in South America, behind S?o Paulo and Buenos Aires....
  • Ennio Antonelli (Italy) - born 18 November 1936 Archbishop of Florence
  • Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson (Ghana) - born 11 October 1948 Archbishop of Cape Coast
  • Telesphore Placidus Toppo (India) - born 13 October 1939 Archbishop of Ranchi
  • George Pell
    George Pell

    George Pell Order of Australia is an Australian Roman Catholic bishop. He is the current Archbishop of Sydney and ex officio head of the Roman Catholic Church in Australia....
     (Australia) - born 8 April 1941 Archbishop of Sydney
    Sydney

    Sydney is the List of cities in Australia by population in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million . It is the List of Australian capital cities of New South Wales, and was the site of the first British Empire colony in Australia....
  • Josip Bozanic
    Josip Bozanic

    Josip Bozanic is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Zagreb in the Roman Catholic Church.Born in Rijeka to a farming family, Bozanic was ordained a priest on 29 June 1975....
     (Croatia) - born 20 March 1949 Archbishop of Zagreb
    Zagreb

    Zagreb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Zagreb is the Culture of Croatia, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Cinema of Croatia, Economy of Croatia and Government of Croatia center of the Croatia....
  • Jean-Baptiste Ph?m Minh M?n (Vietnam) - born 1934 (birthday not recorded) Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City
    Ho Chi Minh City

    Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in Vietnam. Under the name Prey Nokor it was the main port of Cambodia, before being annexed by the Vietnamese in the 17th century....
  • Rodolfo Quezada Toruño (Guatemala) - born 8 March 1932 Archbishop of Guatemala City
    Guatemala City

    Guatemala City is the Capital and largest city of the nation of Guatemala. It is also the capital city of the local Guatemala and the largest city in Central America....
  • Philippe Barbarin (France) - born 17 October 1950 Archbishop of Lyon
  • Péter Erdo (Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    ) - born 25 June 1952 Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
    Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest

    The metropolitan bishop Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest is part of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary. It represents two Hungarian cities, Esztergom and the national capital Budapest....
  • Marc Ouellet (Canada) - born 8 June 1944 Archbishop of Quebec City


Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI is the List of popes and reigning Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and, as such, monarch of the Vatican City....
Consistory of 24 March 2006
  • Agostino Vallini
    Agostino Vallini

    Agostino Vallini is an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Cardinal Vicar, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2006....
     (Italy) - born 17 April 1940 - Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Rome
  • Jorge Urosa
    Jorge Urosa

    Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino is a Venezuelan Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caracas, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2006....
     (Venezuela) - born 28 August 1942 - Archbishop of Caracas
    Caracas

    Caracas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. It is located in the north of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Coastal Range, Venezuela....
  • Gaudencio Borbon Rosales (Philippines) - born 10 August 1932 - Archbishop of Manila
    Manila

    The 'City of Manila' , or simply 'Manila', is the Capital of the Philippines and one of the 17 cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila....
  • Jean-Pierre Ricard (France) - born 25 September 1944 - Archbishop of Bordeaux
  • Antonio Cañizares Llovera (Spain) - born 15 October 1945 - Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
    Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

    The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the Sacraments....
    , previously Archbishop of Toledo
    Toledo, Spain

    Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain, 70 km south of Madrid. It is the capital city of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous communities of Spain of Castile-La Mancha....
  • Nicolas Cheong Jin-suk (South Korea) - born 7 December 1931 - Archbishop of Seoul
    Seoul

    Seoul is the Capital and largest city of South Korea. With a population of over 10 million, It is one of the world's List of cities proper by population.The Seoul National Capital Area - which includes the major port city of Incheon and satellite towns in Gyeonggi-do, has 24.5 million inhabitants and is the world's second largest List of me...
  • Seán Patrick O'Malley (United States) - born 29 June 1944 - Archbishop of Boston
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston

    The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States....
  • Stanislaw Dziwisz (Poland) - born 27 April 1939 - Archbishop of Kraków
    Kraków

    Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....
  • Carlo Caffarra (Italy) - born 1 June 1938 - Archbishop of Bologna
  • Joseph Zen Ze-Kiun (Hong Kong) - born 13 January 1932 - Bishop of Hong Kong


Consistory of 24 November 2007
  • Agustín García-Gasco y Vicente (Spain) - born 12 February 1931 - Retired Archbishop of Valencia
  • Seán Brady
    Seán Brady

    Se?n Baptist Brady is the current Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. Comprising 61 parishes, 147 churches serving 210,000 Catholics, the Archdiocese of Armagh stretches from Magherafelt in the north to Drogheda in the south and includes most of counties County Armagh and County Louth and parts of counties Count...
     (Ireland) - born 16 August 1939 - Archbishop of Armagh
  • Lluís Martínez Sistach
    Lluís Martínez Sistach

    Llu?s Mart?nez Sistach is the current Archbishop of Barcelona.He is the son of Joan Mart?nez Puig, a commercial representative, and Maria Sistach Masllorens, a housewife; they had three children, two girls and Llu?s; they resided in the neighborhood of Guinard?, where his two sisters still live....
     (Spain) - born 29 April 1937 - Archbishop of Barcelona
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona

    The Archdiocese of Barcelona is part of the Roman Catholic Church of Spain.On 25 March 1964 Pope Paul VI elevated the Diocese of Barcelona to the level of an Archdiocese....
  • André Armand Vingt-Trois (France) - born 7 November 1942 - Archbishop of Paris
  • Angelo Bagnasco
    Angelo Bagnasco

    Angelo Bagnasco is an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa and Conferenza Episcopale Italiana , and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
     (Italy) - born 14 January 1943 - Archbishop of Genoa
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa

    The Archdiocese of Genoa is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy.Erected in the third century, it was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 March 1133....
  • Théodore-Adrien Sarr
    Théodore-Adrien Sarr

    Th?odore-Adrien Sarr is a Senegalese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar, having previously served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaolack from 1974 to 2000, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
     (Senegal) - born 28 November 1936 - Archbishop of Dakar
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar

    The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar is the Metropolitan bishop Episcopal See for the Ecclesiastical province of Dakar in Senegal....
  • Oswald Gracias
    Oswald Gracias

    Oswald Gracias is an Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay, having been appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on October 14, 2006, and was raised to the Cardinal in 2007....
     (India) - born 24 December 1944 - Archbishop of Bombay
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay

    The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It includes the suffragan dioceses of Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalyan, Roman Catholic Diocese of Nashik, Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona, and Roman Catholic Diocese of Vasai....
  • Francisco Robles Ortega
    Francisco Robles Ortega

    Francisco Robles Ortega is a Mexico Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, having been elevated to the Cardinal in 2007. He currently serves as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monterrey, having previously served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Toluca from 1996 to 2003....
     (Mexico) - born 2 March 1949 - Archbishop of Monterrey
  • Daniel DiNardo
    Daniel DiNardo

    Daniel Nicholas DiNardo is an United States Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the second and current Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston, having previously served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City from 1998 to 2004....
     (United States) - born 23 May 1949 - Archbishop of Galveston-Houston
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston

    The Roman Catholic Church Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston encompasses of ten counties in the southeastern area of Texas: Galveston County, Texas; Harris County, Texas; Austin County, Texas; Brazoria County, Texas; Fort Bend County, Texas; Grimes County, Texas; Montgomery County, Texas; San Jacinto County, Texas; Walker County, Texas; and W...
  • Odilo Pedro Scherer (Brazil) - born 21 September 1949 - Archbishop of São Paulo
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo

    The Archdiocese of S?o Paulo is a major see in the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil. The Diocese of S?o Paulo was erected by Pope Benedict XIV on 6 December 1745....
  • John Njue
    John Njue

    John Njue is the current Archbishop of Nairobi and a Cardinal . In 1986 he was made Bishop of Embu, Kenya. He was appointed Coadjutor bishop of Nyeri in 2002....
     (Kenya) - born 1944 - Archbishop of Nairobi
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi

    The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi is the Metropolitan bishop Episcopal See for the Ecclesiastical province of Nairobi in Kenya, and the Primatial see for Kenya....
  • Estanislao Esteban Karlic
    Estanislao Esteban Karlic

    Estanislao Esteban Karlic is an Argentina Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paran? from 1986 to 2003, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
    * (Argentina) - born 7 February 1926 - Archbishop Emeritus of Paraná
    Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná

    The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paran? is a Metropolitan bishop, responsible for the suffragan Dioceses of Roman Catholic Diocese of Concordia and Roman Catholic Diocese of Gualeguaych?....


Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

Cardinal Deacons have the right to become Cardinal Priests after ten years as Cardinal Deacons, with the rare exception of Cardinals who are not Bishops. All living former Cardinal Deacons created prior to 2001 have exercised this right.

Appointed by Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II John Paul II is widely acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the twentieth century. He has been Pope_John_Paul_II#Role_in_the_fall_of_Communism in bringing down communism in Eastern Europe, as well as significantly improving the Roman Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and A...
Consistory of 21 February 2001
  • Agostino Cacciavillan* (Italy) - born 14 August 1926 Retired President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
    Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

    The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See is part of the Roman Curia that deals with the "properties owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for the Roman Curia to function"....
    , Protodeacon since March 2008
  • Sergio Sebastiani (Italy) - born 11 April 1931 Retired President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
    Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See

    The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See is an office of the Roman Curia, erected on 15 August 1967, and entrusted with overseeing all the offices of the Holy See that manage finances, regardless of their degree of autonomy....
  • Zenon Grocholewski (Poland) - born 11 October 1939 Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
    Congregation for Catholic Education

    The Congregation for Catholic Education is the Pontifical congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for: seminary and houses of formation of religious and secular institutes; universities, faculties, institutes and higher schools of study, either ecclesial or civil dependent on ecclesial persons; and schools and educational institute...
  • Jorge María Mejía
    Jorge María Mejía

    Jorge Mar?a Mej?a is an Argentina Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is Archivist Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church and Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church....
    * (Argentina) - born 31 January 1923 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
  • Walter Kasper (Germany) - born 5 March 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
    Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity

    The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity origins are associated with the Second Vatican Council which met intermittently from 1962-1965....
  • Roberto Tucci
    Roberto Tucci

    Roberto Tucci, Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and theology. He was created Cardinal by Pope John Paul II on 21 February 2001....
    * (Italy) - born 19 April 1921 Priest of Society of Jesus
    Society of Jesus

    The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a Holy Orders....
     and retired President of the Administrative Committee of Radio Vatican


Consistory of 21 October 2003
  • Jean-Louis Tauran (France) - born 3 April 1943 Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
  • Renato Raffaele Martino (Italy) - born 23 November 1932 President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
    Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

    The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international promotion of justice, peace, and human rights from the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church....
  • Francesco Marchisano (Italy) - born 25 June 1929 President of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See and former Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica
  • Julián Herranz Casado
    Julián Herranz Casado

    Juli?n Herranz Casado is a Spain Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts in the Roman Curia from 1994 to 2007, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2003....
     (Spain) - born 31 March 1930 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
    Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts

    The Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts is part of the Roman Curia. Its work "consists mainly in interpreting the laws of the Church". . Its President is currently Archbishop Francesco Coccopalmerio, while Juli?n Cardinal Herranz Casado holds the position of President Emeritus....
  • Javier Lozano Barragán (Mexico) - born 26 January 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers
    Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers

    The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers was set up by the Motu Proprio Dolentium Hominum of 11 February, 1985, by Pope John Paul II who reformed the Pontifical Commission for the Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers into its present form in 1988....
  • Attilio Nicora (Italy) - born 16 March 1937 President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See
    Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See

    Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See is a sub-office of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, created in 1967 by the merger of the Administration of the Assets of the Holy See and the Special Administration of the Holy See by Pope Paul VI....
  • Georges Marie Martin Cottier* (Switzerland) - born 25 April 1922 Titular Archbishop of Tullia, retired as Pro-Theologian of the Pontifical Household and as Secretary-General of the International Theological Commission
    International Theological Commission

    The International Theological Commission is a dicastery of the Roman Curia consisting of 30 Catholic theologians from around the world. Its function is to advise the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of the Roman Catholic Church....
  • Tomás Spidlik
    Tomás Spidlik

    Tom? ?pidl?k, Society of Jesus was made a Cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2003. He was ordained a priest of the Society of Jesus on 22 August 1949....
    * (Czech Republic) - born 17 December 1919 Consultor of Vatican Congregations
  • Stanislaw Nagy* (Poland) - born 30 September 1921 Titular Archbishop of Holar and Professor Emeritus of Theology


Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI is the List of popes and reigning Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and, as such, monarch of the Vatican City....
Consistory of 24 March 2006
  • William Joseph Levada (United States) - born 15 June 1936 - Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith
  • Franc Rodé (Slovenia) - born 23 September 1934 - Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
    Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life

    The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for everything which concerns Institute of Consecrated Life and Society of Apostolic Life regarding their government, discipline, studies, goods, rights, and privileges....
  • Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo* (Italy) - born 27 August 1925 - Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Paul's Outside-the-Walls
  • Albert Vanhoye
    Albert Vanhoye

    Albert Vanhoye, Society of Jesus is a Catholic priesthood of the Society of Jesus and exegete. He was created Cardinal in 2006. He gave the 2008 Lenten Papal and Curial Retreat....
    , S.J.* (France) - born 23 July 1923 - formerly rector of the Pontifical Biblical Institute
    Pontifical Biblical Institute

    The Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, Italy is an institution of the Holy See run by the Jesuits that offers instruction at the university level....
     and secretary of the Pontifical Biblical Commission
    Pontifical Biblical Commission

    The Pontifical Biblical Commission is a committee of Cardinal , aided by consultors, who meet in Rome to ensure the proper interpretation and defense of Sacred Scripture....


Consistory of 24 November 2007
  • Leonardo Sandri
    Leonardo Sandri

    Leonardo Sandri is an Argentina Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Congregation for the Oriental Churches, having been appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on June 9, 2007....
     (Argentina) - born 18 November 1943 - Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
    Congregation for the Oriental Churches

    The Congregation for the Oriental Churches is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for contact with the Eastern Catholic Churches for the sake of assisting their development, protecting their rights and also maintaining whole and entire in the one Catholic Church, alongside the liturgical, disciplinary and spiritual patrimony of...
  • John Patrick Foley
    John Patrick Foley

    John Patrick Foley is an United States Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, having previously served as President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications from 1984 to 2007....
     (United States) - born 11 November 1935 - Pro-Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
  • Giovanni Lajolo
    Giovanni Lajolo

    Giovanni Lajolo is the current Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and President of the Governorate of Vatican City State....
     (Italy) - born 3 January 1935 - President of the Governorate of Vatican City State.
  • Paul Josef Cordes
    Paul Josef Cordes

    Paul Josef Cordes is a Germany Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
     (Germany) - born 5 September 1935 - President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum
    Pontifical Council Cor Unum

    The Pontifical Council Cor Unum for Human and Christian Development is part of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church. It was established by Pope Paul VI on 15 July 1971 and is based in the Palazzo San Callisto, in Piazza San Callisto, Rome....
  • Angelo Comastri
    Angelo Comastri

    Angelo Comastri is the current Cardinal President of the Fabric of Saint Peter and Vicar General for the Vatican City State....
     (Italy) - born 17 September 1943 - Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica
    St. Peter's Basilica

    The Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian language as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City....
    , Vicar-General for Vatican City
    Vatican City

    Vatican City , officially the State of the Vatican City , is a Landlocked country sovereignty city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the Capital of Italy....
    , and President of the Fabric of St. Peter
  • Stanislaw Rylko
    Stanislaw Rylko

    Stanislaw Rylko is a Poland Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Pontifical Council for the Laity, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
     (Poland) - born 4 July 1945 - President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
    Pontifical Council for the Laity

    The Pontifical Council for the Laity has the responsibility of assisting the Pope in his dealings with the laity in Roman Catholic lay ecclesial movement or individually, and their contributions to the Church....
  • Raffaele Farina
    Raffaele Farina

    Raffaele Farina, Salesians of Don Bosco is an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He currently serves as Vatican Secret Archives and Vatican Library, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
    , S.D.B. (Italy) - born 24 September 1933 - Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives
    Vatican Secret Archives

    The Vatican Secret Archives , located in the Vatican City, is the central repository for all of the acts promulgated by the Holy See. These archives also contain the state papers, correspondence, pope account books, and many other documents which the church has accumulated over the centuries....
  • Giovanni Coppa
    Giovanni Coppa

    Giovanni Coppa is an Italy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He has served as a Nuncio Holy See, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 2007....
    * (Italy) - born 9 November 1925 - Apostolic Nuncio Emeritus to Czech Republic
    Czech Republic

    The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
  • Urbano Navarrete Cortés
    Urbano Navarrete Cortés

    Urbano Navarrete Cort?s, S.J. is a Professor of Canon Law and former Rector of the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was made Cardinal in 2007....
    , S.J.* (Spain) - born 25 May 1920 - Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University
    Pontifical Gregorian University

    Pontifical Gregorian University is a pontifical university located in Rome, Italy. Heir of the Roman College founded by St Ignatius of Loyola over 450 years ago, the Gregorian University was the first Jesuit University....
  • Umberto Betti
    Umberto Betti

    Umberto Betti, Franciscan, Doctor of Sacred Theology is an Italy priest of Order of Friars Minor. On November 24, 2007, he was appointed a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church....
    , O.F.M.* (Italy) - born 7 March 1922 - Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Lateran University
    Pontifical Lateran University

    The Pontifical Lateran University is a Pontifical University in Rome. The institution has four faculties: the faculty of Theology, the faculty of Philosophy and the faculties of Civil Law and Canon Law....


See also

  • Palatine Cardinals


External links

  • — Holy See Press Office
  • - extensive information on all cardinals since the 17th century
  • - sortable list, often slightly out of date on deaths
  • , with entry into extensive databases.